{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T21:23:14Z","timestamp":1792444994159,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.0970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]],"date-time":"2019-06-05T15:02:36Z","timestamp":1559746956000},"page":"914","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Measuring Disturbance of the Endocannabinoid System in Psychosis"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Amedeo","family":"Minichino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morwenna","family":"Senior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natascia","family":"Brondino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Psychiatry, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam H.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata R.","family":"Godlewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip W.J.","family":"Burnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Cipriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda R.","family":"Lennox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"key":"yoi190030r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2012.00009","article-title":"The endocannabinoid system: an overview.","volume":"6","author":"Battista","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"yoi190030r2","first-page":"14","article-title":"Getting high on the endocannabinoid system.","volume":"2013","author":"Alger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cerebrum"},{"key":"yoi190030r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.04.003","article-title":"Cannabinoids as hippocampal network administrators.","volume":"124","author":"Lupica","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi190030r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S1098-3597(08)60028-9","article-title":"The endocannabinoid system as a target for obesity treatment.","volume":"9","author":"Aronne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cornerstone"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi190030r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.02.008","article-title":"Cannabinoids and autoimmune diseases: a systematic review.","volume":"15","author":"Katchan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi190030r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070378","article-title":"Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced dopamine release as a function of psychosis risk: 18F-fallypride positron emission tomography study.","volume":"8","author":"Kuepper","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"yoi190030r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5818","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0638","article-title":"Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling reduces GABAergic synaptic transmission to gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons.","volume":"151","author":"Farkas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi190030r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.01.011","article-title":"Human laboratory studies on cannabinoids and psychosis.","volume":"79","author":"Sherif","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi190030r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.258","article-title":"Cannabinoid modulation of functional connectivity within regions processing attentional salience.","volume":"40","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi190030r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e94","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2012.15","article-title":"Cannabidiol enhances anandamide signaling and alleviates psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.","volume":"2","author":"Leweke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"yoi190030r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2748","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301197","article-title":"An experimental study of catechol-o-methyltransferase Val158Met moderation of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced effects on psychosis and cognition.","volume":"31","author":"Henquet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi190030r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006402","article-title":"Cannabis dependence and psychotic symptoms in young people.","volume":"33","author":"Fergusson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi190030r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf043","article-title":"Cannabis use and psychosis: a longitudinal population-based study.","volume":"156","author":"van Os","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"yoi190030r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2014.00054","article-title":"Gone to pot - a review of the association between cannabis and psychosis.","volume":"5","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi190030r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-018-4885-9","article-title":"The effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on cognition and symptoms in outpatients with chronic schizophrenia a randomized placebo controlled trial.","volume":"235","author":"Boggs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi190030r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.17030325","article-title":"Cannabidiol (CBD) as an adjunctive therapy in schizophrenia: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.","volume":"175","author":"McGuire","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"yoi190030r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.2309","article-title":"Effect of cannabidiol on medial temporal, midbrain, and striatal dysfunction in people at clinical high risk of psychosis: a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"75","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi190030r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.065227","article-title":"Cannabis and suicide: longitudinal study.","volume":"195","author":"Price","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi190030r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1973.01750330041007","article-title":"9-tetrahydrocannabinol in depressed patients.","volume":"28","author":"Kotin","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"13","key":"yoi190030r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.176","article-title":"Subanesthetic doses of ketamine transiently decrease serotonin transporter activity: a PET study in conscious monkeys.","volume":"38","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi190030r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(82)90150-2","article-title":"Ketamine inhibits serotonin synthesis and metabolism in vivo.","volume":"21","author":"Martin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi190030r23","first-page":"186S","article-title":"The endocannabinoid anandamide in CSF is related to the patterns of cannabis use in first-episode schizophrenia.","volume":"57","author":"Koethe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"yoi190030r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.04.025","article-title":"Anandamide levels in cerebrospinal fluid of first-episode schizophrenic patients: impact of cannabis use.","volume":"94","author":"Leweke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi190030r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2016.03.003","article-title":"Genetically reduced FAAH activity may be a risk for the development of anxiety and depression in persons with repetitive childhood trauma.","volume":"26","author":"Lazary","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi190030r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement.","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi190030r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-13","article-title":"Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample.","volume":"5","author":"Hozo","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi190030r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097608","article-title":"A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults.","volume":"52","author":"Morton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"yoi190030r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials.","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"13","key":"yoi190030r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.165","article-title":"Peripheral endocannabinoid system dysregulation in first-episode psychosis.","volume":"38","author":"Bioque","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi190030r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199906030-00008","article-title":"Elevated endogenous cannabinoids in schizophrenia.","volume":"10","author":"Leweke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"11","key":"yoi190030r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300558","article-title":"Cerebrospinal anandamide levels are elevated in acute schizophrenia and are inversely correlated with psychotic symptoms.","volume":"29","author":"Giuffrida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi190030r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2016.1246750","article-title":"Association of anandamide with altered binocular depth inversion illusion in schizophrenia.","volume":"18","author":"Reuter","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"yoi190030r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-2-5","article-title":"Endocannabinoid signalling in the blood of patients with schizophrenia.","volume":"2","author":"De Marchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi190030r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881107083816","article-title":"Endogenous cannabinoids in patients with schizophrenia and substance use disorder during quetiapine therapy.","volume":"22","author":"Potvin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"yoi190030r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00085","article-title":"Plasma endocannabinoid alterations in individuals with substance use disorder are dependent on the \u201cmirror effect\u201d of schizophrenia.","volume":"3","author":"Desfoss\u00e9s","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"yoi190030r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.04.002","article-title":"Alterations of eicosanoids and related mediators in patients with schizophrenia.","volume":"102","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"March","key":"yoi190030r39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Familial abnormalities of endocannabinoid signaling in schizophrenia.","author":"Koethe","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"yoi190030r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.04.028","article-title":"Cognitive performance and peripheral endocannabinoid system receptor expression in schizophrenia.","volume":"156","author":"Ferretjans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"yoi190030r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.08.055","article-title":"Characterization of peripheral cannabinoid receptor expression and clinical correlates in schizophrenia.","volume":"245","author":"Chase","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"yoi190030r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.12.001","article-title":"Cannabinoid receptors on peripheral leukocytes from patients with schizophrenia: evidence for defective immunomodulatory mechanisms.","volume":"87","author":"de Campos-Carli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"yoi190030r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.01.022","article-title":"A preliminary study of endocannabinoid system regulation in psychosis: distinct alterations of CNR1 promoter DNA methylation in patients with schizophrenia.","volume":"188","author":"D\u2019Addario","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi190030r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7000","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-0876-4","article-title":"Accessing gene expression in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.","volume":"55","author":"Moretti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi190030r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.053843","article-title":"Anandamide elevation in cerebrospinal fluid in initial prodromal states of psychosis.","volume":"194","author":"Koethe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"yoi190030r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.01.002","article-title":"Dysregulated peripheral endocannabinoid system signaling is associated with cognitive deficits in first-episode psychosis.","volume":"75","author":"Bioque","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi190030r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.053843","article-title":"Anandamide elevation in cerebrospinal fluid in initial prodromal states of psychosis.","volume":"194","author":"Koethe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi190030r48","first-page":"102S","article-title":"Endogenous cannabinoids and their neurobiological and functional role in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.","volume":"55","author":"Leweke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi190030r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14ac08982","article-title":"The endocannabinoid system and schizophrenia: links to the underlying pathophysiology and to novel treatment approaches.","volume":"75","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi190030r50","first-page":"1","article-title":"Endocannabinoid signaling and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.","volume":"7","author":"Hillard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"August","key":"yoi190030r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.08.037","article-title":"Gut microbiota, cannabinoid system and neuroimmune interactions: new perspectives in multiple sclerosis.","volume":"157","author":"Mestre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"yoi190030r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1457","article-title":"Endocannabinoid control of food intake and energy balance.","volume":"8","author":"Di Marzo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi190030r53","first-page":"139","article-title":"Capgras-like syndrome in a patient with an acute urinary tract infection.","volume":"9","author":"Salviati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi190030r54","first-page":"134","article-title":"Inflammatory markers in recent onset psychosis and chronic schizophrenia.","volume":"42","author":"Dickerson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"yoi190030r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.04.006","article-title":"Relation of inflammatory markers with symptoms of psychotic disorders: a large cohort study.","volume":"86","author":"Liemburg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"yoi190030r56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.09.008","article-title":"An interleukin-1 beta (IL1B) haplotype linked with psychosis transition is associated with IL1B gene expression and brain structure.","author":"Mostaid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"yoi190030r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.03.020","article-title":"Investigating the link between drug-naive first episode psychoses (FEPs), weight gain abnormalities and brain structural damages: relevance and implications for therapy.","volume":"77","author":"Minichino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi190030r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv019","article-title":"The optimization of treatment and management of schizophrenia in Europe (OPTiMiSE) trial: rationale for its methodology and a review of the effectiveness of switching antipsychotics.","volume":"41","author":"Leucht","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi190030r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796018000239","article-title":"Pharmacological properties of cannabidiol in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: a critical overview.","volume":"27","author":"Mandolini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi190030r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.v17.2","article-title":"Lack of evidence to favor specific preventive interventions in psychosis: a network meta-analysis.","volume":"17","author":"Davies","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi190030r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.17","article-title":"Modulation of mediotemporal and ventrostriatal function in humans by ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol: a neural basis for the effects of cannabis sativa on learning and psychosis.","volume":"66","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"yoi190030r4","author":"Pava","year":"2016"},{"key":"yoi190030r29","unstructured":"Cooper? H, Hedges? LV, Valentine? JC. The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation; 2009. https:\/\/www.scholars.northwestern.edu\/en\/publications\/the-handbook-of-research-synthesis-and-meta-analysis-2nd-edition. Accessed December 9, 2018."}],"container-title":["JAMA Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapsychiatry\/articlepdf\/2735110\/jamapsychiatry_minichino_2019_oi_190030_1605898635.9405.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T16:01:36Z","timestamp":1606320096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapsychiatry\/fullarticle\/2735110"}},"subtitle":["A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.0970","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-622X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-622X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]}}}