{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T13:29:46Z","timestamp":1792762186256,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>Evidence indicates that preexisting neuropsychiatric conditions confer increased risks of severe outcomes from COVID-19 infection. It is unclear how this increased risk compares with risks associated with other severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To determine whether preexisting diagnosis of and\/or treatment for a neuropsychiatric condition is associated with severe outcomes from COVID-19 infection and other SARIs and whether any observed association is similar between the 2 outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>Prepandemic (2015-2020) and contemporary (2020-2021) longitudinal cohorts were derived from the QResearch database of English primary care records. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 99% CIs were estimated in April 2022 using flexible parametric survival models clustered by primary care clinic. This study included a population-based sample, including all adults in the database who had been registered with a primary care clinic for at least 1 year. Analysis of routinely collected primary care electronic medical records was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Exposures<\/jats:title>Diagnosis of and\/or medication for anxiety, mood, or psychotic disorders and diagnosis of dementia, depression, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>COVID-19\u2013related mortality, or hospital or intensive care unit admission; SARI-related mortality, or hospital or intensive care unit admission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The prepandemic cohort comprised 11\u202f134\u202f789 adults (223\u202f569 SARI cases [2.0%]) with a median (IQR) age of 42 (29-58) years, of which 5\u202f644\u202f525 (50.7%) were female. The contemporary cohort comprised 8\u202f388\u202f956 adults (58\u202f203 severe COVID-19 cases [0.7%]) with a median (IQR) age of 48 (34-63) years, of which 4\u202f207\u202f192 were male (50.2%). Diagnosis and\/or treatment for neuropsychiatric conditions other than dementia was associated with an increased likelihood of a severe outcome from SARI (anxiety diagnosis: HR, 1.16; 99% CI, 1.13-1.18; psychotic disorder diagnosis and treatment: HR, 2.56; 99% CI, 2.40-2.72) and COVID-19 (anxiety diagnosis: HR, 1.16; 99% CI, 1.12-1.20; psychotic disorder treatment: HR, 2.37; 99% CI, 2.20-2.55). The effect estimate for severe outcome with dementia was higher for those with COVID-19 than SARI (HR, 2.85; 99% CI, 2.71-3.00 vs HR, 2.13; 99% CI, 2.07-2.19).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>In this longitudinal cohort study, UK patients with preexisting neuropsychiatric conditions and treatments were associated with similarly increased risks of severe outcome from COVID-19 infection and SARIs, except for dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.3614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T16:00:48Z","timestamp":1668009648000},"page":"57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Preexisting Neuropsychiatric Conditions and Associated Risk of Severe COVID-19 Infection and Other Acute Respiratory Infections"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Tom Alan","family":"Ranger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ash Kieran","family":"Clift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Cancer Research UK Oxford Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Patone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol A. 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