{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T01:16:54Z","timestamp":1794014214902,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n \n Persistent depressive symptoms, often accompanied by cognitive symptoms, commonly occur after COVID-19 illness (hereinafter termed\n COVID-DC<\/jats:italic>\n , DC for depressive and\/or cognitive symptoms). In patients with COVID-DC, gliosis, an inflammatory change, was suspected, but measurements of gliosis had not been studied in the brain for this condition.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To determine whether translocator protein total distribution volume (TSPO V\n T<\/jats:sub>\n ), a marker of gliosis that is quantifiable with positron emission tomography (PET), is elevated in the dorsal putamen, ventral striatum, prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and hippocampus of persons with COVID-DC.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n \n This case-control study conducted at a tertiary care psychiatric hospital in Canada from April 1, 2021, to June 30, 2022, compared TSPO V\n T<\/jats:sub>\n of specific brain regions in 20 participants with COVID-DC with that in 20 healthy controls. The TSPO V\n T<\/jats:sub>\n was measured with fluorine F 18\u2013labeled\n N<\/jats:italic>\n -(2-(2-fluoroethoxy)benzyl)-\n N<\/jats:italic>\n -(4-phenoxypyridin-3-yl)acetamide ([\n 18<\/jats:sup>\n F]FEPPA) PET.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n \n The TSPO V\n T<\/jats:sub>\n was measured in the dorsal putamen, ventral striatum, prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and hippocampus. Symptoms were measured with neuropsychological and psychological tests, prioritizing outcomes related to striatal function.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The study population included 40 participants (mean [SD] age, 32.9 [12.3] years). The TSPO V\n T<\/jats:sub>\n across the regions of interest was greater in persons with COVID-DC (mean [SD] age, 32.7 [11.4] years; 12 [60%] women) compared with healthy control participants (mean [SD] age, 33.3 [13.9] years; 11 [55%] women): mean (SD) difference, 1.51 (4.47); 95% CI, 0.04-2.98; 1.51 divided by 9.20 (17%). The difference was most prominent in the ventral striatum (mean [SD] difference, 1.97 [4.88]; 95% CI, 0.36-3.58; 1.97 divided by 8.87 [22%]) and dorsal putamen (mean difference, 1.70 [4.25]; 95% CI, 0.34-3.06; 1.70 divided by 8.37 [20%]). Motor speed on the finger-tapping test negatively correlated with dorsal putamen TSPO V\n T<\/jats:sub>\n (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n , \u22120.53; 95% CI, \u22120.79 to \u22120.09), and the 10 persons with the slowest speed among those with COVID-DC had higher dorsal putamen TSPO V\n T<\/jats:sub>\n than healthy persons by 2.3 (2.30 divided by 8.37 [27%]; SD, 2.46; 95% CI, 0.92-3.68).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n \n In this case-control study, TSPO V\n T<\/jats:sub>\n was higher in patients with COVID-DC. Greater TSPO V\n T<\/jats:sub>\n is evidence for an inflammatory change of elevated gliosis in the brain of an individual with COVID-DC. Gliosis may be consequent to inflammation, injury, or both, particularly in the ventral striatum and dorsal putamen, which may explain some persistent depressive and cognitive symptoms, including slowed motor speed, low motivation or energy, and anhedonia, after initially mild to moderate COVID-19 illness.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.1321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T11:33:53Z","timestamp":1685532833000},"page":"787","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":154,"title":["Neuroinflammation After COVID-19 With Persistent Depressive and Cognitive Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Joeffre","family":"Braga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariel","family":"Lepra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Kish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo. M.","family":"Rusjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Nasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Verhoeff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Vasdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bagby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Boileau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Ishrat","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Kolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romina","family":"Mizrahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Douglas Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khunsa","family":"Faiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica L.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey H.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"yoi230033r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","article-title":"Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72?314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.","volume":"323","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"yoi230033r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30287-X","article-title":"Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study.","volume":"7","author":"Varatharaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"yoi230033r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101019","article-title":"Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact.","volume":"38","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"yoi230033r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100347","article-title":"Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: evidence of mood and cognitive impairment.","volume":"17","author":"Lamontagne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"yoi230033r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.735973","article-title":"Network analysis of depressive symptoms among residents of Wuhan in the later stage of the COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi230033r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2038","article-title":"Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms.","volume":"8","author":"Block","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi230033r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2297","article-title":"From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain.","volume":"9","author":"Dantzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi230033r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0500","article-title":"How COVID-19 affects the brain.","volume":"78","author":"Boldrini","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"yoi230033r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3856","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.v28.11","article-title":"Neuropathological findings from COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms argue against a direct brain invasion of SARS-CoV-2: a critical systematic review.","volume":"28","author":"Cosentino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"yoi230033r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30308-2","article-title":"Neuropathology of patients with COVID-19 in Germany: a post-mortem case series.","volume":"19","author":"Matschke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"yoi230033r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30255-8","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders: PET imaging and promising new targets.","volume":"7","author":"Meyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi230033r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.55","article-title":"Quantitation of translocator protein binding in human brain with the novel radioligand [18F]-FEPPA and positron emission tomography.","volume":"31","author":"Rusjan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"yoi230033r16","author":"Wilson","year":"2008"},{"issue":"12","key":"yoi230033r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.1","article-title":"In-vivo imaging of grey and white matter neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a positron emission tomography study with a novel radioligand, [18F]-FEPPA.","volume":"20","author":"Suridjan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"yoi230033r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.07.007","article-title":"Contributions of the striatum to learning, motivation, and performance: an associative account.","volume":"16","author":"Liljeholm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"yoi230033r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1944","article-title":"Targeting abnormal neural circuits in mood and anxiety disorders: from the laboratory to the clinic.","volume":"10","author":"Ressler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi230033r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.55","article-title":"Quantitation of translocator protein binding in human brain with the novel radioligand [18F]-FEPPA and positron emission tomography.","volume":"31","author":"Rusjan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi230033r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression.","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"yoi230033r26","author":"Broadbent","year":"1982"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi230033r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30048-8","article-title":"Association of translocator protein total distribution volume with duration of untreated major depressive disorder: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"5","author":"Setiawan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"yoi230033r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.10.023","article-title":"Microglial positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in epilepsy: applications, opportunities and pitfalls.","volume":"44","author":"Scott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"yoi230033r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt145","article-title":"In vivo radioligand binding to translocator protein correlates with severity of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.","volume":"136","author":"Kreisl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi230033r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.1567","article-title":"Inflammation in the neurocircuitry of obsessive-compulsive disorder.","volume":"74","author":"Attwells","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"yoi230033r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s40336-015-0146-7","article-title":"TSPO imaging in stroke: from animal models to human subjects.","volume":"3","author":"Boutin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Transl Imaging"},{"key":"yoi230033r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.573095","article-title":"The spatial and cell-type distribution of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in the human and mouse brains.","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"yoi230033r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2021.113837","article-title":"ACE2 expression in rat brain: implications for COVID-19 associated neurological manifestations.","volume":"345","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi230033r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-018-0401-9","article-title":"PET radioligand binding to translocator protein (TSPO) is increased in unmedicated depressed subjects.","volume":"8","author":"Richards","year":"2018","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi230033r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020512","article-title":"The translocator protein (TSPO) in mitochondrial bioenergetics and immune processes.","volume":"9","author":"Betlazar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"yoi230033r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00030","article-title":"Recent advances in CNS P2X7 physiology and pharmacology: focus on neuropsychiatric disorders.","volume":"9","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi230033r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-008-0658-9","article-title":"Brain endothelial cells and the glio-vascular complex.","volume":"335","author":"Wolburg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"yoi230033r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/113.1.27","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow, blood volume and oxygen utilization: normal values and effect of age.","volume":"113","author":"Leenders","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"yoi230033r19","volume-title":"Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward","author":"Haber","year":"2011"},{"key":"yoi230033r21"},{"key":"yoi230033r24","author":"Spreen","year":"1998"},{"key":"yoi230033r1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Updated September 14, 2022. Accessed September 15, 2022, 2022. https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/?mapFilter=cases"},{"key":"yoi230033r2","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom). Self-reported long COVID after infection with the Omicron variant in the UK: 6 May 2022. Accessed April 13, 2023. https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/healthandsocialcare\/conditionsanddiseases\/bulletins\/selfreportedlongcovidafterinfectionwiththeomicronvariant\/6may2022"},{"key":"yoi230033r4","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. Clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Accessed August 3, 2022. https:\/\/www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov\/overview\/clinical-spectrum\/#:~:text=Patients%20with%20COVID%2D19%20are,may%20experience%20rapid%20clinical%20deterioration."},{"key":"yoi230033r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Clinical management of COVID-19: interim guidance, 27 May 2020. 2020. Accessed April 13, 2023. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/332196","DOI":"10.15557\/PiMR.2020.0004"},{"key":"yoi230033r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Visser? D, Golla? SSV, Verfaillie? SCJ, . Long COVID is associated with extensive in-vivo neuroinflammation on [18F]DPA-714 PET.? medRxiv. Preprint posted online June 24, 2022. doi:10.1101\/2022.06.02.22275916?","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.06.02.22275916"}],"container-title":["JAMA Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapsychiatry\/articlepdf\/2805366\/jamapsychiatry_braga_2023_oi_230033_1690301850.66494.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T11:03:20Z","timestamp":1690974200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapsychiatry\/fullarticle\/2805366"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.1321","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-622X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-622X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]}}}