{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:00:33Z","timestamp":1791594033698,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Dose-related effects of antipsychotic medications may increase mortality in children and young adults.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To compare mortality for patients aged 5 to 24 years beginning treatment with antipsychotic vs control psychiatric medications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This was a US national retrospective cohort study of Medicaid patients with no severe somatic illness or schizophrenia or related psychoses who initiated study medication treatment. Study data were analyzed from November 2022 to September 2023.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposures<\/jats:title>\n Current use of second-generation antipsychotic agents in daily doses of less than or equal to 100-mg chlorpromazine equivalents or greater than 100-mg chlorpromazine equivalents vs that for control medications (\u03b1 agonists, atomoxetine, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcome and Measures<\/jats:title>\n Total mortality, classified by underlying cause of death. Rate differences (RDs) and hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for potential confounders with propensity score\u2013based overlap weights.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The 2\u202f067\u202f507 patients (mean [SD] age, 13.1 [5.3] years; 1\u202f060\u202f194 male [51.3%]) beginning study medication treatment filled 21\u202f749\u202f825 prescriptions during follow-up with 5\u202f415\u202f054 for antipsychotic doses of 100 mg or less, 2\u202f813\u202f796 for doses greater than 100 mg, and 13\u202f520\u202f975 for control medications. Mortality was not associated with antipsychotic doses of 100 mg or less (RD,\u20093.3; 95% CI, \u22125.1 to 11.7 per 100\u202f000 person-years; HR,\u20091.08; 95% CI, 0.89-1.32) but was associated with doses greater than 100 mg (RD,\u200922.4; 95% CI, 6.6-38.2; HR,\u20091.37; 95% CI, 1.11-1.70). For higher doses, antipsychotic treatment was significantly associated with overdose deaths (RD,\u20098.3; 95% CI, 0-16.6; HR,\u20091.57; 95% CI, 1.02-2.42) and other unintentional injury deaths (RD,\u200912.3; 95% CI, 2.4-22.2; HR,\u20091.57; 95% CI, 1.12-2.22) but was not associated with nonoverdose suicide deaths or cardiovascular\/metabolic deaths. Mortality for children aged 5 to 17 years was not significantly associated with either antipsychotic dose, whereas young adults aged 18 to 24 years had increased risk for doses greater than 100 mg (RD,\u2009127.5; 95% CI, 44.8-210.2; HR,\u20091.68; 95% CI, 1.23-2.29).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n In this cohort study of more than 2 million children and young adults without severe somatic disease or diagnosed psychosis, antipsychotic treatment in doses of 100 mg or less of chlorpromazine equivalents or in children aged 5 to 17 years was not associated with increased risk of death. For doses greater than 100 mg, young adults aged 18 to 24 years had significantly increased risk of death, with 127.5 additional deaths per 100\u202f000 person-years.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.4573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T11:34:37Z","timestamp":1701257677000},"page":"260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Antipsychotic Medications and Mortality in Children and Young Adults"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Wayne A.","family":"Ray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Catherine","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Olfson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen W.","family":"Patrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Center for Child Health Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Michael","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine T.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Daugherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William O.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Center for Child Health Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"yoi230090r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.8.753","article-title":"New users of antipsychotic medications among children enrolled in TennCare.","volume":"158","author":"Cooper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adoles Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi230090r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ambp.2005.11.002","article-title":"Trends in prescribing of antipsychotic medications for US children.","volume":"6","author":"Cooper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ambul Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"yoi230090r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.647","article-title":"National trends in the office-based treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with antipsychotics.","volume":"69","author":"Olfson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"yoi230090r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0500","article-title":"Treatment of young people with antipsychotic medications in the united states.","volume":"72","author":"Olfson","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"yoi230090r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0632","article-title":"Antipsychotic use in youth without psychosis: a double-edged sword.","volume":"72","author":"Correll","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi230090r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2022.01625","article-title":"Antipsychotic medication use in Medicaid-insured children decreased substantially between 2008 and 2016.","volume":"42","author":"Bushnell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi230090r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.3409","article-title":"Antipsychotics, excess deaths, and paradoxes of child psychiatry.","volume":"76","author":"Geller","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"yoi230090r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.12.1161","article-title":"Antipsychotics and the risk of sudden cardiac death.","volume":"58","author":"Ray","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi230090r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806994","article-title":"Atypical antipsychotic drugs and the risk of sudden cardiac death.","volume":"360","author":"Ray","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"yoi230090r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301492","article-title":"ACNP White Paper: update on use of antipsychotic drugs in elderly persons with dementia.","volume":"33","author":"Jeste","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi230090r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.10.002","article-title":"Corrected QT changes during antipsychotic treatment of children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.","volume":"54","author":"Jensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi230090r12","first-page":"130","article-title":"Acute oxcarbazepine and atomoxetine overdose with quetiapine.","volume":"46","author":"Barker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi230090r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1L170","article-title":"Inadvertent administration of intravenous ziprasidone leading to bradycardia and QT interval prolongation.","volume":"42","author":"Bentley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi230090r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-120018276","article-title":"Cardiotoxicity associated with intentional ziprasidone and bupropion overdose.","volume":"41","author":"Biswas","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi230090r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(00)71175-3","article-title":"QT interval prolongation associated with quetiapine (Seroquel) overdose.","volume":"41","author":"Gajwani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi230090r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.2006.184.issue-7","article-title":"Amisulpride deliberate self-poisoning causing severe cardiac toxicity including QT prolongation and torsades de pointes.","volume":"184","author":"Isbister","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi230090r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1080\/10401230490522061","article-title":"Pediatric case report of quetiapine overdose and QTc prolongation.","volume":"16","author":"Kurth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi230090r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2013.04.033","article-title":"Cardiotoxicity in a citalopram and olanzapine overdose.","volume":"45","author":"Lung","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi230090r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.1999.9.273","article-title":"Risperidone in the treatment of 2 very young children with autism.","volume":"9","author":"Posey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi230090r20","first-page":"60","article-title":"QTc prolongation associated with atypical antipsychotic use in the treatment of adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa.","volume":"18","author":"Ritchie","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"yoi230090r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-013-0413-y","article-title":"Mandatory electrocardiographic monitoring in young patients treated with psychoactive drugs.","volume":"22","author":"Rizzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"yoi230090r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.2053","article-title":"Antipsychotics and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and youth.","volume":"70","author":"Bobo","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi230090r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.2923","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus in youth exposed to antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"73","author":"Galling","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi230090r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1159\/000104222","article-title":"Pancreatitis following olanzapine therapy: a report of 3 cases.","volume":"1","author":"Kerr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Case Rep Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi230090r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000459","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis associated with antipsychotic medication: evaluation of clinical features, treatment, and polypharmacy in a series of cases.","volume":"36","author":"Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi230090r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12022","article-title":"Accidental clozapine intoxication in a toddler: clinical and pharmacokinetic lessons learnt.","volume":"38","author":"Toepfner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi230090r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31819e3775","article-title":"Pediatric ziprasidone overdose.","volume":"25","author":"Fasano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi230090r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1058111","article-title":"Respiratory dysfunction in sleep apnea associated with quetiapine.","volume":"41","author":"Freudenmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi230090r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-017-1537-y","article-title":"A weight-independent association between atypical antipsychotic medications and obstructive sleep apnea.","volume":"22","author":"Khazaie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi230090r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1723-5","article-title":"Risperidone dosing in children and adolescents with autistic disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.","volume":"43","author":"Kent","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"yoi230090r31","first-page":"3","article-title":"Atypical antipsychotics: sleep, sedation, and efficacy.","volume":"6","author":"Miller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"yoi230090r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2012.03.002","article-title":"Toxicology and overdose of atypical antipsychotics.","volume":"43","author":"Minns","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi230090r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12357","article-title":"Quetiapine safety in older adults: a systematic literature review.","volume":"41","author":"El-Saifi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi230090r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.4.700","article-title":"Multiple vs single antipsychotic agents for hospitalized psychiatric patients: case-control study of risks versus benefits.","volume":"161","author":"Centorrino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"yoi230090r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n1209","article-title":"Neuroleptic-related dyskinesias in children and adolescents.","volume":"62","author":"Connor","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi230090r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1684\/epd2.2016.18.issue-1","article-title":"Olanzapine-related repetitive focal seizures with lingual dystonia.","volume":"18","author":"Anzellotti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi230090r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e3182767efb","article-title":"Aripiprazole-induced seizure in a 3-year-old child: a case report and literature review.","volume":"36","author":"Thabet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi230090r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2016.0180","article-title":"Neuroleptic malignant syndrome\/malignant catatonia in child psychiatry: literature review and a case series.","volume":"27","author":"Ghaziuddin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi230090r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.3421","article-title":"Association of antipsychotic treatment with risk of unexpected death among children and youths.","volume":"76","author":"Ray","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi230090r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2247-7","article-title":"The quality of Medicaid and Medicare data obtained from CMS and its contractors: implications for pharmacoepidemiology.","volume":"17","author":"Leonard","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi230090r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067405","article-title":"Harnessing the Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) to evaluate medications in pregnancy: design considerations.","volume":"8","author":"Palmsten","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi230090r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq130","article-title":"Strategies for using the National Death Index and the Social Security Administration for death ascertainment in large occupational cohort mortality studies.","volume":"172","author":"Wojcik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"yoi230090r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201500224","article-title":"Patterns of antipsychotic prescribing by physicians to young children.","volume":"67","author":"Huskamp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"yoi230090r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.06.041","article-title":"Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) clinical guidelines for the management of major depressive disorder in adults. III. Pharmacotherapy.","volume":"117","author":"Lam","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"23","key":"yoi230090r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp078015","article-title":"Expanding the black box - depression, antidepressants, and the risk of suicide.","volume":"356","author":"Friedman","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"yoi230090r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110212","article-title":"ADHD drugs and serious cardiovascular events in children and young adults.","volume":"365","author":"Cooper","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"yoi230090r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg231","article-title":"Evaluating medication effects outside of clinical trials: new-user designs.","volume":"158","author":"Ray","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi230090r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.0607","article-title":"Incidence and lethality of suicidal overdoses by drug class.","volume":"3","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi230090r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303863","article-title":"Deciphering suicide and other manners of death associated with drug intoxication: a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention consultation meeting summary.","volume":"107","author":"Stone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi230090r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135296","article-title":"Variable classification of drug-intoxication suicides across US states: a partial artifact of forensics?","volume":"10","author":"Rockett","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"17","key":"yoi230090r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6617a1","article-title":"Rural and urban differences in passenger-vehicle\u2013occupant deaths and seat belt use among adults\u2014US, 2014.","volume":"66","author":"Beck","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi230090r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3727","article-title":"Performance of time-dependent propensity scores: a pharmacoepidemiology case study.","volume":"24","author":"Ray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"yoi230090r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l5657","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l5657","article-title":"Alternative approaches for confounding adjustment in observational studies using weighting based on the propensity score: a primer for practitioners.","volume":"367","author":"Desai","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"23","key":"yoi230090r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.7819","article-title":"Overlap weighting: a propensity score method that mimics attributes of a randomized clinical trial.","volume":"323","author":"Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi230090r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001568","article-title":"Antipsychotic drugs and the risk of ventricular arrhythmia and\/or sudden cardiac death: a nation-wide case-crossover study.","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi230090r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.08.441","article-title":"Systematic review: system-wide interventions to monitor pediatric antipsychotic prescribing and promote best practice.","volume":"60","author":"Mackie","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi230090r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-2156","article-title":"Outpatient opioid prescriptions for children without severe conditions and opioid-related adverse events.","volume":"142","author":"Chung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi230090r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.20220151","article-title":"Cardiometabolic monitoring and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of youths prescribed antipsychotic medications.","volume":"74","author":"Hsueh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi230090r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.10.005","article-title":"Trends in antipsychotic prescribing in Medicaid-eligible youth.","volume":"56","author":"Edelsohn","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"yoi230090r57","volume-title":"Survival Analysis Using SAS. A Practical Guide","author":"Allison","year":"2010","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"yoi230090r42","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Medicaid Analytic Extract (MAX) general information. Accessed October 31, 2023. https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems\/Computer-Data-and-Systems\/MedicaidDataSourcesGenInfo\/MAXGeneralInformation."},{"key":"yoi230090r43","unstructured":"MACPAC. Update on transformed Medicaid statistical information system (T-MSIS). Accessed October 31, 2023. https:\/\/www.macpac.gov\/publication\/update-on-transformed-medicaid-statistical-information-system-t-msis\/."},{"key":"yoi230090r60","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. FDA drug safety communication: FDA warns about serious risks and death when combining opioid pain or cough medicines with benzodiazepines; requires its strongest warning. Accessed June 22, 2023. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug-safety-and-availability\/fda-drug-safety-communication-fda-warns-about-serious-risks-and-death-when-combining-opioid-pain-or"},{"key":"yoi230090r63","unstructured":"Keisler-Starkey? K, Bunch? L. Health insurance coverage in the US: 2021. Accessed October 31, 2023. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/content\/dam\/Census\/library\/publications\/2022\/demo\/p60-278.pdf"}],"container-title":["JAMA Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapsychiatry\/articlepdf\/2811866\/jamapsychiatry_ray_2023_oi_230090_1709150840.25612.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T11:01:49Z","timestamp":1709722909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapsychiatry\/fullarticle\/2811866"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.4573","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-622X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-622X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]}}}