{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:43:49Z","timestamp":1792543429706,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>Research on resilience after trauma has often focused on individual-level factors (eg, ability to cope with adversity) and overlooked influential neighborhood-level factors that may help mitigate the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To investigate whether an interaction between residential greenspace and self-reported individual resources was associated with a resilient PTSD trajectory (ie, low\/no symptoms) and to test if the association between greenspace and PTSD trajectory was mediated by neural reactivity to reward.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>As part of a longitudinal cohort study, trauma survivors were recruited from emergency departments across the US. Two weeks after trauma, a subset of participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a monetary reward task. Study data were analyzed from January to November 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Exposures<\/jats:title>Residential greenspace within a 100-m buffer of each participant\u2019s home address was derived from satellite imagery and quantified using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and perceived individual resources measured by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcome and Measures<\/jats:title>PTSD symptom severity measured at 2 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after trauma. Neural responses to monetary reward in reward-related regions (ie, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, orbitofrontal cortex) was a secondary outcome. Covariates included both geocoded (eg, area deprivation index) and self-reported characteristics (eg, childhood maltreatment, income).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In 2597 trauma survivors (mean [SD] age, 36.5 [13.4] years; 1637 female [63%]; 1304 non-Hispanic Black [50.2%], 289 Hispanic [11.1%], 901 non-Hispanic White [34.7%], 93 non-Hispanic other race [3.6%], and 10 missing\/unreported [0.4%]), 6 PTSD trajectories (resilient, nonremitting high, nonremitting moderate, slow recovery, rapid recovery, delayed) were identified through latent-class mixed-effect modeling. Multinominal logistic regressions revealed that for individuals with higher CD-RISC scores, greenspace was associated with a greater likelihood of assignment in a resilient trajectory compared with nonremitting high (Wald z<\/jats:italic> test\u2009=\u2009\u22123.92; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001), nonremitting moderate (Wald z<\/jats:italic> test\u2009=\u2009\u22122.24; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.03), or slow recovery (Wald z<\/jats:italic> test\u2009=\u2009\u22122.27; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02) classes. Greenspace was also associated with greater neural reactivity to reward in the amygdala (n\u2009=\u2009288; t<\/jats:italic>277<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20092.83; adjusted P<\/jats:italic> value\u2009=\u20090.02); however, reward reactivity did not differ by PTSD trajectory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>In this cohort study, greenspace and self-reported individual resources were significantly associated with PTSD trajectories. These findings suggest that factors at multiple ecological levels may contribute to the likelihood of resiliency to PTSD after trauma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.2148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T15:03:44Z","timestamp":1722438224000},"page":"1090","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Neighborhood Resources Associated With Psychological Trajectories and Neural Reactivity to Reward After Trauma"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"E. Kate","family":"Webb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy D.","family":"Ely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren A. M.","family":"Lebois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanne J H.","family":"van Rooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven E.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St Louis, St Louis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey L.","family":"House","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca L.","family":"Beaudoin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinming","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Neylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gari D.","family":"Clifford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah D.","family":"Linnstaedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura T.","family":"Germine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts"},{"name":"The Many Brains Project, Belmont, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Bollen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill"},{"name":"Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott L.","family":"Rauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Haran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan B.","family":"Storrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Lewandowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Paul I.","family":"Musey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phyllis L.","family":"Hendry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine -Jacksonville, Jacksonville"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine -Jacksonville, Jacksonville"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher W.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany E.","family":"Punches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus"},{"name":"Ohio State University College of Nursing, Columbus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Swor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishnu P.","family":"Murty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Hudak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose L.","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"},{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Seamon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Datner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson Einstein Hospital, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Ascension St John Hospital, Detroit, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Peak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Domeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Trinity Health-Ann Arbor, Ypsilanti, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels K.","family":"Rathlev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian J.","family":"O\u2019Neil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit Receiving Hospital, Detroit, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Sergot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon D.","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jutta","family":"Joormann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego A.","family":"Pizzagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven E.","family":"Harte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald C.","family":"Kessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karestan C.","family":"Koenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry J.","family":"Ressler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel A.","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill"},{"name":"Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel G.","family":"Harnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"yoi240045r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0581-3","article-title":"The AURORA Study: a longitudinal, multimodal library of brain biology and function after traumatic stress exposure.","volume":"25","author":"McLean","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240045r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1822064","article-title":"Psychological resilience: an update on definitions, a critical appraisal, and research recommendations.","volume":"11","author":"Denckla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"yoi240045r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v5.25338","article-title":"Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: interdisciplinary perspectives.","volume":"5","author":"Southwick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi240045r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-07832-200410","article-title":"How does social support enhance resilience in the trauma-exposed individual?","volume":"20","author":"Sippel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecol Soc"},{"key":"yoi240045r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108708","article-title":"Residential greenspace is associated with mental health via intertwined capacity-building and capacity-restoring pathways.","volume":"178","author":"Dzhambov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"yoi240045r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2018.02.008","article-title":"Urban greenspace is associated with reduced psychological stress among adolescents: a Geographic Ecological Momentary Assessment (GEMA) analysis of activity space.","volume":"174","author":"Mennis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi240045r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2011.12.015","article-title":"More green space is linked to less stress in deprived communities: Evidence from salivary cortisol patterns.","volume":"105","author":"Ward Thompson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"key":"yoi240045r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114084","article-title":"Coping with posthurricane mental distress: The role of neighborhood green space.","volume":"281","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi240045r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.01.004","article-title":"The relationship between greenspace exposure and psychopathology symptoms: a systematic review.","volume":"2","author":"Tran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"yoi240045r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5188","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1807504116","article-title":"Residential green space in childhood is associated with lower risk of psychiatric disorders from adolescence into adulthood.","volume":"116","author":"Engemann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"yoi240045r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2020.103823","article-title":"A systematic map of research exploring the effect of greenspace on mental health.","volume":"201","author":"Collins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"key":"yoi240045r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111233","article-title":"The pathways linking objectively measured greenspace exposure and mental health: a systematic review of observational studies.","volume":"198","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi240045r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2011.08.008","article-title":"Neighborhood green, social support, physical activity, and stress: assessing the cumulative impact.","volume":"17","author":"Fan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi240045r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.01.002","article-title":"Green space as a buffer between stressful life events and health.","volume":"70","author":"van den Berg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi240045r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsy045","article-title":"The resilient brain: psychological resilience mediates the effect of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in orbitofrontal cortex on subjective well-being in young healthy adults.","volume":"13","author":"Kong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi240045r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsn024","article-title":"The neural correlates of trait resilience when anticipating and recovering from threat.","volume":"3","author":"Waugh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"yoi240045r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.01.019","article-title":"Reward functioning in PTSD: a systematic review exploring the mechanisms underlying anhedonia.","volume":"51","author":"Nawijn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"yoi240045r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3381","article-title":"The brain reward circuitry in mood disorders.","volume":"14","author":"Russo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi240045r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-019-01421-6","article-title":"Sex-linked neurofunctional basis of psychological resilience in late adolescence: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240045r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s44184-022-00006-7","article-title":"A corticostriatal pathway mediating self-efficacy enhancement.","volume":"1","author":"Shany","year":"2022","journal-title":"Npj Ment Health Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"yoi240045r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0451-y","article-title":"Neural correlates of individual differences in affective benefit of real-life urban green space exposure.","volume":"22","author":"Tost","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"yoi240045r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4446","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01720-6","article-title":"How nature nurtures: amygdala activity decreases as the result of a 1-hour walk in nature.","volume":"27","author":"Sudimac","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"yoi240045r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2021.20101526","article-title":"Brain-based biotypes of psychiatric vulnerability in the acute aftermath of trauma.","volume":"178","author":"Stevens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240045r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/da.23104","article-title":"Multimodal structural neuroimaging markers of risk and recovery from posttrauma anhedonia: a prospective investigation.","volume":"38","author":"Harnett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi240045r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20271","article-title":"Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Connor-davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): validation of a 10-item measure of resilience.","volume":"20","author":"Campbell-Sills","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi240045r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00541-0","article-title":"Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.","volume":"27","author":"Bernstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"yoi240045r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2021.104181","article-title":"Can\u2019t see the wood for the trees\u2014an assessment of street view- and satellite-derived greenness measures in relation to mental health.","volume":"214","author":"Helbich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"issue":"5","key":"yoi240045r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0285510","article-title":"The impact of residential greenness on psychological distress among Hurricane Katrina survivors.","volume":"18","author":"Burrows","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"yoi240045r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.02.008","article-title":"Associations of green space metrics with health and behavior outcomes at different buffer sizes and remote sensing sensor resolutions.","volume":"126","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"yoi240045r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-2946","article-title":"Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and 30-day rehospitalization: a retrospective cohort study.","volume":"161","author":"Kind","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"yoi240045r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1802313","article-title":"Making neighborhood-disadvantage metrics accessible\u2014the Neighborhood Atlas.","volume":"378","author":"Kind","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi240045r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.7.1137","article-title":"Area deprivation and widening inequalities in US mortality, 1969-1998.","volume":"93","author":"Singh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi240045r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v078.i02","article-title":"Estimation of extended mixed models using latent classes and latent processes: the R package lcmm.","volume":"78","author":"Proust-Lima","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240045r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2007.00054.x","article-title":"An introduction to latent class growth analysis and growth mixture modeling.","volume":"2","author":"Jung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc Personal Psychol Compass"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi240045r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22868","article-title":"Machine learning prediction of posttraumatic stress disorder trajectories following traumatic injury: identification and validation in 2 independent samples.","volume":"35","author":"Tomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi240045r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2016.1247646","article-title":"The GRoLTS-checklist: guidelines for reporting on latent trajectory studies.","volume":"24","author":"van de Schoot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Struct Equ Modeling"},{"key":"yoi240045r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S265287","article-title":"Trajectory modeling techniques useful to epidemiological research: a comparative narrative review of approaches.","volume":"12","author":"Nguena Nguefack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"yoi240045r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.09.027","article-title":"Anxiety sensitivity as a transdiagnostic risk factor for trajectories of adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae in the AURORA study.","volume":"156","author":"Short","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240045r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02289-y","article-title":"Use of serial smartphone-based assessments to characterize diverse neuropsychiatric symptom trajectories in a large trauma survivor cohort.","volume":"13","author":"Beaudoin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"yoi240045r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.145516","article-title":"Trajectory of posttraumatic stress following traumatic injury: 6-year follow-up.","volume":"206","author":"Bryant","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi240045r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220454","article-title":"Perceived social support functions as a resilience in buffering the impact of trauma exposure on PTSD symptoms via intrusive rumination and entrapment in firefighters.","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"yoi240045r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.02.031","article-title":"Resilience buffers the impact of traumatic events on the development of PTSD symptoms in firefighters.","volume":"162","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi240045r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2008.09.001","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescents: risk factors versus resilience moderation.","volume":"50","author":"Fincham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"yoi240045r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2014.06.007","article-title":"The role of urban neighborhood green space in children\u2019s emotional and behavioural resilience.","volume":"40","author":"Flouri","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Environ Psychol"},{"issue":"9","key":"yoi240045r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2011.00379.x","article-title":"Resilience in the context of chronic stress and health in adults.","volume":"5","author":"Schetter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc Personal Psychol Compass"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240045r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000149","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in health: examining the contexts that shape resilience and risk.","volume":"77","author":"Brondolo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240045r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1376.029","article-title":"A multiple-levels-of-analysis perspective on resilience: implications for the developing brain, neural plasticity, and preventive interventions.","volume":"1094","author":"Cicchetti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi240045r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn875","article-title":"The amygdala and reward.","volume":"3","author":"Baxter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"yoi240045r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.11.017","article-title":"Trauma impacts prospective relationships between reward-related ventral striatal and amygdala activation and 1-year future hypo\/mania trajectories.","volume":"81","author":"Eckstrand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240045r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01633-y","article-title":"Neural contributors to trauma resilience: a review of longitudinal neuroimaging studies.","volume":"11","author":"Roeckner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"yoi240045r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715000525","article-title":"Stress-related anhedonia is associated with ventral striatum reactivity to reward and transdiagnostic psychiatric symptomatology.","volume":"45","author":"Corral-Fr\u00edas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"yoi240045r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsz100","article-title":"Inflammation, reward circuitry and symptoms of anhedonia and PTSD in trauma-exposed women.","volume":"15","author":"Mehta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"yoi240045r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2021.104233","article-title":"Where greenspace matters most: a systematic review of urbanicity, greenspace, and physical health.","volume":"217","author":"Browning","year":"2022","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi240045r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1177\/1420326X16663289","article-title":"How are characteristics of urban green space related to levels of physical activity: examining the links.","volume":"26","author":"Akpinar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indoor Built Environ"},{"key":"yoi240045r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20695","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24637-0","article-title":"Features of urban green spaces associated with positive emotions, mindfulness, and relaxation.","volume":"12","author":"Olszewska-Guizzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240045r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-018-0179-y","article-title":"A review of epidemiologic studies on greenness and health: updated literature through 2017.","volume":"5","author":"Fong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Environ Health Rep"},{"key":"yoi240045r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S92","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033733","article-title":"Relations between resilience, positive and negative emotionality, and symptoms of anxiety and depression.","volume":"6","author":"Robinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240045r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04294-3","article-title":"Disentangling change across the time and true stability of employees\u2019 resilience using latent state model.","volume":"22","author":"Ollis","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240045r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2021.1942642","article-title":"The resilience paradox.","volume":"12","author":"Bonanno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"yoi240045r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195383874.001.0001","volume-title":"Epidemiology and the People\u2019s Health: Theory and Context","author":"Krieger","year":"2011"},{"key":"yoi240045r53","volume-title":"The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective","author":"Kaplan","year":"1989"},{"key":"yoi240045r26","unstructured":"Weathers? FW, Litz? BT, Keane? TM, Palmieri? PA, Marx? BP, Schnurr? PP. The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Accessed November 21, 2023. https:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov\/professional\/assessment\/documents\/PCL5_Standard_form.PDF"},{"key":"yoi240045r29","unstructured":"Weathers? FW, Blake? DD, Schnurr? PP, Kaloupek? DG, Marx? BP, Keane? TM. Life events checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5). Accessed November 21, 2023. https:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov\/professional\/assessment\/documents\/LEC5_Standard_Self-report.PDF"},{"key":"yoi240045r36","unstructured":"Neighborhood Atlas. About the Neighborhood Atlas. Accessed June 25, 2024. https:\/\/www.neighborhoodatlas.medicine.wisc.edu\/"}],"container-title":["JAMA Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapsychiatry\/articlepdf\/2821946\/jamapsychiatry_webb_2024_oi_240045_1730747556.65347.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T16:01:28Z","timestamp":1730908888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapsychiatry\/fullarticle\/2821946"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.2148","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-622X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-622X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]}}}