{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:39:30Z","timestamp":1792726770972,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n According to the World Health Organization, more than 700\u202f000 individuals worldwide die by suicide each year. Medical conditions likely increase the risk of suicide.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To (1) provide age- and sex-specific pairwise estimates of the risk of suicide across a comprehensive range of medical conditions, (2) investigate whether there is a dose-response\u2013like relationship at play (ie, the higher the disability burden due to medical morbidity, the higher the risk of suicide), and (3) determine if the risk of suicide with medical conditions is particularly pronounced among those who had mental disorder preceding the medical conditions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This cohort study was an observational study of population-based data for all individuals living in Denmark at some point between 2000 and 2020. The data analysis took place from September 2023 to May 2024.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposures<\/jats:title>\n Thirty-one specific medical conditions as well as prior mental disorder.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n The main outcome was suicide. Associations between the 31 specific medical conditions, nested within 9 categories, and suicide were examined via Poisson regression, yielding incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Subsequent analyses included an interaction term to assess whether a previous hospital-treated mental disorder modified the associations. Finally, the association between the disability burden of medical conditions and suicide was examined for those with and without prior mental disorder, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A total of 6\u202f635\u202f857 individuals (3\u202f337\u202f613 females and 3\u202f298\u202f244 males) were included in the analyses of the associations between medical conditions and suicide. Except for endocrine disorders, all categories of medical conditions were associated with a statistically significant increased risk of suicide (which was most pronounced for gastrointestinal conditions [IRR, 1.7; 95% CI,1.5-1.8], cancer [IRR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.4-1.6], and hematological conditions [IRR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.6]). Interaction between mental disorder and individual medical conditions did not seem to play a major role for suicide risk. For those without but not for those with mental disorder, there was a dose-response\u2013like relationship between the disability burden of medical conditions and suicide.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n Medical conditions are generally associated with increased risk of suicide in a dose-response\u2013like manner. Individuals with hospital-treated mental disorder appear to be at such elevated risk of suicide that additional disability associated with medical conditions has little impact in this regard.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.2561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T11:09:55Z","timestamp":1725448195000},"page":"1198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Risk of Suicide Across Medical Conditions and the Role of Prior Mental Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"S\u00f8ren Dinesen","family":"\u00d8stergaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital \u2013 Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie C.","family":"Momen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uffe","family":"Heide-J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleguer","family":"Plana-Ripoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"key":"yoi240056r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2020.110347","article-title":"Suicidal risks with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis: systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"141","author":"Pompili","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"yoi240056r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.03.018","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a risk factor for suicide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"151","author":"Sampaio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"yoi240056r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2022.100562","article-title":"Risk of suicide after diagnosis of severe physical health conditions: a retrospective cohort study of 47 million people.","volume":"25","author":"Nafilyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"issue":"5","key":"yoi240056r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.21834","article-title":"Association between neurological disorders and death by suicide in Denmark.","volume":"323","author":"Erlangsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"yoi240056r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.1594","article-title":"A nationwide cohort study of the association between hospitalization with infection and risk of death by suicide.","volume":"73","author":"Lund-S\u00f8rensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi240056r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2017.04.001","article-title":"Major physical health conditions and risk of suicide.","volume":"53","author":"Ahmedani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"7350","key":"yoi240056r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7350.1355","article-title":"Burden of illness and suicide in elderly people: case-control study.","volume":"324","author":"Waern","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi240056r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2015.1083945","article-title":"A systematic review of physical illness, functional disability, and suicidal behaviour among older adults.","volume":"20","author":"F\u00e4ssberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi240056r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.05.035","article-title":"Association between disability and suicide-related outcomes among U.S. adults.","volume":"61","author":"Marlow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"yoi240056r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.07.014","article-title":"Association between functional disability type and suicide-related outcomes among U.S. adults with disabilities in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015-2019.","volume":"153","author":"Marlow","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"yoi240056r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.09.004","article-title":"The impact of physical pain on suicidal thoughts and behaviors: meta-analyses.","volume":"71","author":"Calati","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"yoi240056r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.13546","article-title":"Evaluation of neurologic and psychiatric outcomes after hospital discharge among adult survivors of cardiac arrest.","volume":"5","author":"Secher","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi240056r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(10)70747-7","article-title":"Depression and suicide risk in hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure.","volume":"51","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"yoi240056r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-976","article-title":"Increased risk and related factors of depression among patients with COPD: a population-based cohort study.","volume":"13","author":"Tsai","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240056r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.11.001","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the prevalence of depression between people with and without type 1 and type 2 diabetes.","volume":"16","author":"Farooqi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prim Care Diabetes"},{"issue":"18","key":"yoi240056r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1915784","article-title":"Association between mental disorders and subsequent medical conditions.","volume":"382","author":"Momen","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi240056r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13073","article-title":"Meta-analysis of natural, unnatural and cause-specific mortality rates following discharge from in-patient psychiatric facilities.","volume":"140","author":"Swaraj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi240056r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.128785","article-title":"Combined effects of physical illness and comorbid psychiatric disorder on risk of suicide in a national population study.","volume":"204","author":"Qin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240056r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14216","article-title":"Interactions between psychiatric and physical disorders and their effects on the risks of suicide: a nested case-control study.","volume":"1462","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi240056r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810387965","article-title":"The Danish Civil Registration System.","volume":"39","author":"Pedersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"yoi240056r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S91125","article-title":"The Danish National Patient Registry: a review of content, data quality, and research potential.","volume":"7","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi240056r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810394717","article-title":"The Danish National Prescription Registry.","volume":"39","author":"Kildemoes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi240056r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv324","article-title":"The Association between perceived stress and mortality among people with multimorbidity: a prospective population-based cohort study.","volume":"184","author":"Prior","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi240056r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811399958","article-title":"The Danish Register of Causes of Death.","volume":"39","author":"Helweg-Larsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi240056r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811405098","article-title":"Danish registers on personal income and transfer payments.","volume":"39","author":"Baadsgaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi240056r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810395825","article-title":"The Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register.","volume":"39","author":"Mors","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"yoi240056r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e712","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00069-8","article-title":"Disability weights for the Global Burden of Disease 2013 study.","volume":"3","author":"Salomon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi240056r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2022.583","article-title":"The contribution of general medical conditions to the non-fatal burden of mental disorders: register-based cohort study in Denmark.","volume":"8","author":"Weye","year":"2022","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi240056r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.17121357","article-title":"Increasing male preponderance in suicide coinciding with a reduction by half in total suicides in the Danish population should raise awareness of male depression.","volume":"175","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240056r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2023.1","article-title":"The male-female suicide ratio in Denmark plateaus at 2.7: an opportunity for targeted intervention?","volume":"35","author":"\u00d8stergaard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr"},{"key":"yoi240056r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.10.054","article-title":"Male depressive traits in relation to violent suicides or suicide attempts: a systematic review.","volume":"262","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"yoi240056r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716002841","article-title":"A meta-analysis of acute use of alcohol and the risk of suicide attempt.","volume":"47","author":"Borges","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"yoi240056r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13435","article-title":"Gender differences in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide death among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"24","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240056r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.2478\/eoik-2021-0007","article-title":"Income inequalities in EU countries: Gini indicator analysis.","volume":"9","author":"Kolluru","year":"2021","journal-title":"Economics"},{"issue":"5","key":"yoi240056r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13221","article-title":"High suicide rates during psychiatric inpatient stay and shortly after discharge.","volume":"142","author":"Madsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"yoi240056r1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Fact sheet on suicide. Accessed August 2, 2024. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/suicide"},{"key":"yoi240056r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benros? ME, Waltoft? BL, Nordentoft? M, . Autoimmune diseases and severe infections as risk factors for mood disorders: a nationwide study.? JAMA Psychiatry. 2013;70(8):812-820. doi:10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.111123760347","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.1111"},{"key":"yoi240056r22","unstructured":"Open Science Framework. Risk of suicide across medical conditions and the influence of prior mental disorders. Accessed August 2, 2024. https:\/\/osf.io\/qgj8d\/"}],"container-title":["JAMA Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapsychiatry\/articlepdf\/2822967\/jamapsychiatry_stergaard_2024_oi_240056_1733254033.02996.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T11:01:29Z","timestamp":1733310089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapsychiatry\/fullarticle\/2822967"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.2561","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-622X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-622X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}}}