{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:46:41Z","timestamp":1790999201501,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Synaptic dysfunction is involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology. However, whether in vivo synaptic density is reduced in early stages of psychosis, including its high-risk states, remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To investigate whether synaptic density (synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A [SV2A] binding potential) is reduced in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and in clinical high risk (CHR) and investigate the effect of cannabis use on synaptic density and examine its relationship with psychotic symptoms and gray matter microstructure across groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary care psychiatric hospital from July 2021 to October 2023. Participants were patients with antipsychotic-free or minimally exposed FEP or CHR and healthy controls with a clean urine drug screen (except cannabis).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n \n Synaptic density was quantified with dynamic 90-minute [\n 18<\/jats:sup>\n F]SynVesT-1 positron emission tomography (PET) scans across prioritized brain regions of interest (ROIs) delineated in individual magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Cannabis use was confirmed with urine drug screens. Gray matter microstructure was assessed using diffusion-weighted MRI to estimate neurite density.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 49 participants were included, including 16 patients with FEP (mean [SD] age, 26.1 [4.6] years; 9 males and 7 females), 17 patients at CHR (mean [SD] age, 21.2 [3.5] years; 8 males and 9 females), and 16 healthy controls (mean [SD] age, 23.4 [3.6] years; 7 males and 9 females). Synaptic density was significantly different between groups (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n 2,273<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20094.02,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.02, Cohen\n F<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.17; ROI:\n F<\/jats:italic>\n 5,273<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u2009360.18,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01, Cohen\n F<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20092.55) with a group\u2009\u00d7\u2009ROI interaction (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n 10,273<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20092.67,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01, Cohen\n F<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.32). Synaptic density was lower in cannabis users (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n 1,272<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20095.31,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.02, Cohen\n F<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.14). Lower synaptic density across groups was associated with more negative symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative scores:\n F<\/jats:italic>\n 1,81<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20094.31,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.04, Cohen\n F<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.23; Scale of Psychosis-Risk Symptoms negative scores:\n F<\/jats:italic>\n 1,90<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20094.12,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.04, Cohen\n F<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.21). SV2A binding potential was significantly associated with neurite density index (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n 1,138<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u20096.76,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.01, Cohen\n F<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.22).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n This study found that synaptic density reductions were present during the early stages of psychosis and its risk states and associated with negative symptoms. The implications of SV2A for negative symptoms in psychosis and CHR warrant further investigation. Future studies should investigate the impact of cannabis use on synaptic density in CHR longitudinally.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.3608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T11:38:53Z","timestamp":1731497933000},"page":"171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Synaptic Density in Early Stages of Psychosis and Clinical High Risk"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"M. Belen","family":"Blasco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Douglas Research Centre, Clinical and Translational Sciences Lab, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kankana","family":"Nisha Aji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Douglas Research Centre, Clinical and Translational Sciences Lab, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Ramos-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Douglas Research Centre, Clinical and Translational Sciences Lab, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilana Ruth","family":"Leppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine Lucas","family":"Tardif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo M.","family":"Rusjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Douglas Research Centre, Clinical and Translational Sciences Lab, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romina","family":"Mizrahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Douglas Research Centre, Clinical and Translational Sciences Lab, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"yoi240072r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby058","article-title":"Global epidemiology and burden of schizophrenia: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.","volume":"44","author":"Charlson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi240072r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(82)90038-3","article-title":"Schizophrenia: caused by a fault in programmed synaptic elimination during adolescence?","volume":"17","author":"Feinberg","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi240072r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(94)90009-4","article-title":"Is schizophrenia due to excessive synaptic pruning in the prefrontal cortex? the Feinberg hypothesis revisited.","volume":"28","author":"Keshavan","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi240072r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbz060","article-title":"Synapse pathology in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of postsynaptic elements in postmortem brain studies.","volume":"46","author":"Berdenis van Berlekom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi240072r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0041-5","article-title":"Synaptic loss in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis and systematic review of synaptic protein and mRNA measures.","volume":"24","author":"Osimo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7906","key":"yoi240072r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04434-5","article-title":"Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia.","volume":"604","author":"Trubetskoy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240072r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01460-2","article-title":"Current advancements of modelling schizophrenia using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells.","volume":"10","author":"Dubonyte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"7527","key":"yoi240072r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13716","article-title":"Synaptic dysregulation in a human iPS cell model of mental disorders.","volume":"515","author":"Wen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"yoi240072r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.864514","article-title":"Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A: features and functions.","volume":"16","author":"Rossi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"348","key":"yoi240072r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf6667","article-title":"Imaging synaptic density in the living human brain.","volume":"8","author":"Finnema","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"yoi240072r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-05149-3","article-title":"Assessment of test-retest reproducibility of [18F]SynVesT-1, a novel radiotracer for PET imaging of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A.","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240072r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14122-0","article-title":"Synaptic density marker SV2A is reduced in schizophrenia patients and unaffected by antipsychotics in rats.","volume":"11","author":"Onwordi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"12","key":"yoi240072r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7690","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01184-0","article-title":"In vivo evidence of lower synaptic vesicle density in schizophrenia.","volume":"26","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"yoi240072r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.02.026","article-title":"Reductions in synaptic marker SV2A in early-course schizophrenia.","volume":"161","author":"Yoon","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi240072r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.05.022","article-title":"Synaptic terminal density early in the course of schizophrenia: an in vivo UCB-J positron emission tomographic imaging study of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A.","volume":"95","author":"Onwordi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"yoi240072r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30048-3","article-title":"The contribution of cannabis use to variation in the incidence of psychotic disorder across Europe (EU-GEI): a multicentre case-control study.","volume":"6","author":"Di Forti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi240072r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.274","article-title":"Social stress and psychosis risk: common neurochemical substrates?","volume":"41","author":"Mizrahi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi240072r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00891-4","article-title":"Preliminary in vivo evidence of lower hippocampal synaptic density in cannabis use disorder.","volume":"26","author":"D\u2019Souza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi240072r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.072","article-title":"NODDI: practical in vivo neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of the human brain.","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"10","key":"yoi240072r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.12.005","article-title":"Gray matter neuritic microstructure deficits in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.","volume":"82","author":"Nazeri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi240072r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbz116","article-title":"Brain structural correlates of metacognition in first-episode psychosis.","volume":"46","author":"Alkan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"5","key":"yoi240072r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.5.863","article-title":"Prospective diagnosis of the initial prodrome for schizophrenia based on the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes: preliminary evidence of interrater reliability and predictive validity.","volume":"159","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi240072r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi240072r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000291496","article-title":"The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS): conceptual and theoretical foundations.","volume":"155","author":"Andreasen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240072r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20385","article-title":"The current conceptualization of negative symptoms in schizophrenia.","volume":"16","author":"Marder","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi240072r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007040","article-title":"Prodromal assessment with the structured interview for prodromal syndromes and the scale of prodromal symptoms: predictive validity, interrater reliability, and training to reliability.","volume":"29","author":"Miller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi240072r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.120.249144","article-title":"First-in-human evaluation of 18F-SynVesT-1, a radioligand for PET imaging of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A.","volume":"62","author":"Naganawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240072r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2006.01.011","article-title":"An automated method for the extraction of regional data from PET images.","volume":"147","author":"Rusjan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"yoi240072r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02043-w","article-title":"The synaptic hypothesis of schizophrenia version III: a master mechanism.","volume":"28","author":"Howes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3 pt 1","key":"yoi240072r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1996.0066","article-title":"Simplified reference tissue model for PET receptor studies.","volume":"4","author":"Lammertsma","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"9","key":"yoi240072r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X19879230","article-title":"Assessment of a white matter reference region for 11C-UCB-J PET quantification.","volume":"40","author":"Rossano","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"yoi240072r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.10.026","article-title":"Accelerated microstructure imaging via convex optimization (AMICO) from diffusion MRI data.","volume":"105","author":"Daducci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"yoi240072r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.02.017","article-title":"Neurite imaging reveals microstructural variations in human cerebral cortical gray matter.","volume":"182","author":"Fukutomi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"9","key":"yoi240072r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.445","article-title":"Neurite dispersion: a new marker of multiple sclerosis spinal cord pathology?","volume":"4","author":"Grussu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi240072r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.17091001","article-title":"20-Year nationwide follow-up study on discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment in first-episode schizophrenia.","volume":"175","author":"Tiihonen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi240072r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0638","article-title":"Association of structural magnetic resonance imaging measures with psychosis onset in individuals at clinical high risk for developing psychosis: an ENIGMA Working Group mega-analysis.","volume":"78","author":"Jalbrzikowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"yoi240072r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867418808382","article-title":"Revising Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, criteria for the bipolar disorders: Phase I of the AREDOC project.","volume":"52","author":"Parker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi240072r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01870-7","article-title":"Accelerated cortical thinning precedes and predicts conversion to psychosis: the NAPLS3 longitudinal study of youth at clinical high-risk.","volume":"28","author":"Collins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240072r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717001283","article-title":"Prefrontal cortical thinning links to negative symptoms in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium.","volume":"48","author":"Walton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi240072r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0334-7","article-title":"Increased synapse elimination by microglia in schizophrenia patient-derived models of synaptic pruning.","volume":"22","author":"Sellgren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"7589","key":"yoi240072r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16549","article-title":"Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4.","volume":"530","author":"Sekar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"yoi240072r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.06.021","article-title":"Genetically predicted brain C4A expression is associated with TSPO and hippocampal morphology.","volume":"90","author":"Da Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"13","key":"yoi240072r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.111","article-title":"Imaging microglial activation in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: an in vivo PET study with [18F]FEPPA.","volume":"42","author":"Hafizi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"13","key":"yoi240072r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718003057","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in schizophrenia: meta-analysis of in vivo microglial imaging studies.","volume":"49","author":"Marques","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi240072r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.05.028","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the glial marker TSPO in psychosis revisited: reconciling inconclusive findings of patient-control differences.","volume":"89","author":"Plav\u00e9n-Sigray","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi240072r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00763-8","article-title":"Overexpression of schizophrenia susceptibility factor human complement C4A promotes excessive synaptic loss and behavioral changes in mice.","volume":"24","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi240072r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0243-x","article-title":"Adolescent exposure to ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol alters the transcriptional trajectory and dendritic architecture of prefrontal pyramidal neurons.","volume":"24","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"yoi240072r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.1131","article-title":"Early cannabis use, polygenic risk score for schizophrenia and brain maturation in adolescence.","volume":"72","author":"French","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"yoi240072r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.08.004","article-title":"Immune sculpting of the psychotic brain? in vivo associations between a glial cell marker and hippocampal morphology.","volume":"74","author":"Cervenka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi240072r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30050-6","article-title":"Negative symptoms of schizophrenia: new developments and unanswered research questions.","volume":"5","author":"Galderisi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi240072r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3360","article-title":"Schizophrenia: an overview.","volume":"77","author":"McCutcheon","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi240072r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2774","article-title":"Abnormal neural oscillations and synchrony in schizophrenia.","volume":"11","author":"Uhlhaas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi240072r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(93)90372-R","article-title":"Frequency of synchronous oscillations of neuronal activity increases during development and is correlated to the number of synapses in cultured cortical neuron networks.","volume":"163","author":"Muramoto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi240072r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.06.017","article-title":"Integrating the neurodevelopmental and dopamine hypotheses of schizophrenia and the role of cortical excitation-inhibition balance.","volume":"92","author":"Howes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"yoi240072r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-022-01358-6","article-title":"Adolescent social isolation induces distinct changes in the medial and lateral OFC-BLA synapse and social and emotional alterations in adult mice.","volume":"47","author":"Kuniishi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"9","key":"yoi240072r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1970","article-title":"Enriched environments, experience-dependent plasticity and disorders of the nervous system.","volume":"7","author":"Nithianantharajah","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"yoi240072r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.01.016","article-title":"The clinical relevance of gray matter atrophy and microstructural brain changes across the psychosis continuum.","volume":"229","author":"Hanlon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"yoi240072r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0830","article-title":"Probability of transition to psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk: an updated meta-analysis.","volume":"78","author":"Salazar de Pablo","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi240072r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbi030","article-title":"Long-term diagnostic stability and outcome in recent first-episode cohort studies of schizophrenia.","volume":"31","author":"Bromet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi240072r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1472","article-title":"Predicting psychosis: meta-analysis of transition outcomes in individuals at high clinical risk.","volume":"69","author":"Fusar-Poli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"yoi240072r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.117877","article-title":"Synaptic density in healthy human aging is not influenced by age or sex: a 11C-UCB-J PET study.","volume":"232","author":"Michiels","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"yoi240072r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-024-06885-6","article-title":"Noninvasive quantification of 18F-SynVesT-1 binding using simplified reference tissue model 2.","author":"Naganawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi240072r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600340","article-title":"Quantification of PET studies with the very high-affinity dopamine D2\/D3 receptor ligand [11C]FLB 457: re-evaluation of the validity of using a cerebellar reference region.","volume":"27","author":"Asselin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi240072r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.05.043","article-title":"Orientationally invariant indices of axon diameter and density from diffusion MRI.","volume":"52","author":"Alexander","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi240072r68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.24542","article-title":"Searching for the neurite density with diffusion MRI: Challenges for biophysical modeling.","volume":"40","author":"Lampinen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"yoi240072r22","first-page":"x, 84","volume-title":"MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research (MacCAT-CR)","author":"Appelbaum","year":"2001"},{"key":"yoi240072r37","first-page":"xxii, 868","volume-title":"Designing Experiments and Analyzing Data: A Model Comparison Perspective","author":"Maxwell","year":"2004","edition":"2nd Ed"},{"key":"yoi240072r23","unstructured":"First? MB, Williams? JBW, Kargs? RS, Spitzer? RL. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5: Research Version . Published online 2015. Accessed October 12, 2024. https:\/\/www.columbiapsychiatry.org\/research\/research-labs\/diagnostic-and-assessment-lab\/structured-clinical-interview-dsm-disorders-14"}],"container-title":["JAMA Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapsychiatry\/articlepdf\/2825648\/jamapsychiatry_blasco_2024_oi_240072_1738174982.4742.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T11:01:33Z","timestamp":1738753293000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapsychiatry\/fullarticle\/2825648"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.3608","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-622X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-622X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]}}}