{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T12:48:00Z","timestamp":1779886080395,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Psychiatry"],"abstract":"Importance<\/jats:title>Although psychological traumas have been associated with endometriosis, limited information is available regarding the role of trauma type and genetic predisposition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objective<\/jats:title>To examine the relationship between traumatic experiences and endometriosis using observational and genetically informed analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>For this case-control study, the analyses were performed between May 13, 2023, and September 30, 2024. Genotypic and phenotypic information was combined from UK Biobank individual-level data (up to 8276 patients with endometriosis and 240\u202f117 female controls) with genome-wide information available from a large meta-analysis (European ancestry: 21\u202f779 patients and 449\u202f087 female controls; East Asian ancestry: 1713 patients and 1581 female controls) and the FinnGen cohort (16\u202f588 patients and 111\u202f583 female controls of European descent).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>Phenotypic associations via multiple regression; latent-class analysis (LCA) to investigate the co-occurrence patterns of different traumatic experiences in endometriosis cases and controls; genetic correlation and polygenic risk scoring (PRS) analyses to assess pleiotropy linking traumatic events to endometriosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Up to 8276 women with endometriosis (mean [SD] age, 53.2 [13.0] years) and 240\u202f117 female controls (mean [SD] age, 56.5 [9.6] years) were investigated in the study. Women with endometriosis were more likely to report childhood and adulthood traumatic experiences and stressful events (eg, contact trauma odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02-1.26). Our LCA highlighted the association of endometriosis with emotional and physical trauma (225 [8%] vs 3948 [5%]; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20092.2\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u221216<\/jats:sup>) and sexual trauma (414 [5%] vs 3158 [4%]; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.9\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u22123<\/jats:sup>). Unaffected women (controls) were more likely assigned to the \u201cno trauma\u201d latent class (563 [20%] vs 18\u202f949 [24%]; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097.4\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u221214<\/jats:sup>). Our genetic correlation (rg) analyses linked endometriosis to multiple trauma-related outcomes, including posttraumatic stress disorder (meta-analysis rg\u2009=\u20090.31, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097.1\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u221216<\/jats:sup>; FinnGen rg\u2009=\u20090.26, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094.7\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u221215<\/jats:sup>) and childhood maltreatment (meta-analysis rg\u2009=\u20090.23, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.3\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u22126<\/jats:sup>; FinnGen rg\u2009=\u20090.16, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u22124<\/jats:sup>). Endometriosis PRS was associated with increased odds of the disease (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.31, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20092.2\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u221216<\/jats:sup>), but no interaction was observed with different types of trauma events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>The present study comprehensively investigated the impact of childhood and adulthood traumatic experiences and stressful events on endometriosis. In particular, our findings highlight the potential association between contact traumas and endometriosis, which appears to be independent of the disease genetic predisposition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.4694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T16:01:13Z","timestamp":1738771273000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Observational and Genetic Analyses of Traumatic Experiences and Endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.1001","author":[{"given":"Dora","family":"Koller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"},{"name":"Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solveig","family":"L\u00f8khammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oksana","family":"Goroshchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Denner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Stiltner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Mitjans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia Spain"},{"name":"Sant Joan de D\u00e9u Research Institute (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh S.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca B.","family":"Lawn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. 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