{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T00:09:41Z","timestamp":1793750981106,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Approximately 85% of individuals receiving opioid agonist therapy for opioid dependence smoke tobacco. Despite the significant health risks associated with smoking-related diseases, there has been limited evaluation of smoking interventions tailored to this population.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To determine the effectiveness of an intervention combining nicotine replacement with brief behavioral support in reducing cigarette use.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This multicenter randomized clinical trial was conducted from April 2022 to October 2023 in 7 specialized opioid agonist therapy clinics in Bergen and Stavanger, Norway. The analyst was blinded to patient groupings. Assessors (study nurses) were not fully blinded to participant allocation. Individuals diagnosed with opioid dependency receiving opioid agonist therapy at participating clinics and smoking at least 1 cigarette per day were eligible for participation. Data analysis was performed from December 2023 through October 2024.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Intervention<\/jats:title>\n In addition to standard opioid agonist therapy, participants in the intervention group received a 16-week integrated treatment combining nicotine replacement with brief behavioral support. Participants in the control group received only standard opioid agonist therapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n The primary outcome was at least a 50% reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked, self-reported as cigarette use in the past 7 days at week 16. The analysis followed intention-to-treat principles. Cigarette use was self-reported as per the timeline-follow-back method.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Among the 259 participants (mean [SD] age, 48.5 [10.4] years; 80 [30.9%] female), 135 were allocated to the intervention group and 124 to the control group. The odds ratio of at least halving the number of cigarettes smoked was 2.07 (95% CI, 1.14-3.75) in the intervention group compared with the control group.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n Providing integrated nicotine replacement and behavioral support at opioid agonist treatment clinics effectively helped opioid-dependent participants reduce the number of cigarettes smoked.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n \n ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:\n NCT05290025<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.4801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T11:01:16Z","timestamp":1739358076000},"page":"406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Integrated Nicotine Replacement and Behavioral Support to Reduce Smoking in Opioid Agonist Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Karl Trygve","family":"Druckrey-Fiskaaen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Research Center for Agonist Treatment of Substance Use Disorders, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tesfaye","family":"Madebo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Tore","family":"Daltveit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rn Henrik","family":"Vold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Einar","family":"Furulund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway"},{"name":"Oral Health Centre of Expertise Rogaland, Stavanger, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Chalabianloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Research Center for Agonist Treatment of Substance Use Disorders, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torgeir","family":"Gilje Lid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars Thore","family":"Fadnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"yoi240095r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13099","article-title":"An international systematic review of smoking prevalence in addiction treatment.","volume":"111","author":"Guydish","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"yoi240095r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108164","article-title":"Quit ratios for cigarette smoking among individuals with opioid misuse and opioid use disorder in the United States.","volume":"214","author":"Parker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"yoi240095r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.11.002","article-title":"Quitting smoking during substance use disorders treatment: patient and treatment-related variables.","volume":"73","author":"Campbell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi240095r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.2.296","article-title":"Tobacco use and quit attempts among methadone maintenance clients.","volume":"91","author":"Richter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"yoi240095r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(96)01331-2","article-title":"Smoking habits and attitudes in a methadone maintenance treatment population.","volume":"44","author":"Clemmey","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"yoi240095r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.12.030","article-title":"Nicotine and opioid co-dependence: findings from bench research to clinical trials.","volume":"134","author":"Custodio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi240095r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-020-00701-z","article-title":"Achieving smoking cessation among persons with opioid use disorder.","volume":"34","author":"Vlad","year":"2020","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"yoi240095r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.024","article-title":"Associations between opioid and nicotine dependence in nationally representative samples of United States adult daily smokers.","volume":"186","author":"Parker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"12","key":"yoi240095r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.03.010","article-title":"Nicotine dependence predicts repeated use of prescribed opioids: prospective population-based cohort study.","volume":"20","author":"Skurtveit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"yoi240095r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntu227","article-title":"Tobacco smoking, nicotine dependence, and patterns of prescription opioid misuse: results from a nationally representative sample.","volume":"17","author":"Zale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi240095r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000572","article-title":"Acute analgesic effects of nicotine and tobacco in humans: a meta-analysis.","volume":"157","author":"Ditre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"yoi240095r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.04.004","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to tobacco cessation in a nationwide sample of addiction treatment programs.","volume":"67","author":"Pagano","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240095r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12322","article-title":"\u2018The lesser of two evils\u2019: a qualitative study of staff and client experiences and beliefs about addressing tobacco in addiction treatment settings.","volume":"35","author":"Wilson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"yoi240095r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5764","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18115764","article-title":"Addressing smoking cessation among women in substance use treatment: a qualitative approach to guiding tailored interventions.","volume":"18","author":"Martinez Leal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240095r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2011.653424","article-title":"The social support and social network characteristics of smokers in methadone maintenance treatment.","volume":"39","author":"de Dios","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi240095r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.6.1144","article-title":"A meta-analysis of smoking cessation interventions with individuals in substance abuse treatment or recovery.","volume":"72","author":"Prochaska","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"yoi240095r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125319859969","article-title":"The relationship between nicotine and psychosis.","volume":"9","author":"Quigley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther Adv Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"yoi240095r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13630","article-title":"How do patients and staff in an opioid agonist treatment service view smoking cessation medications and e-cigarettes?","volume":"42","author":"Lobbe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"yoi240095r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1185338","article-title":"A qualitative study on people with opioid use disorders\u2019 perspectives on smoking and smoking cessation interventions.","volume":"14","author":"Druckrey-Fiskaaen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240095r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1994.1009","article-title":"Tobacco use as a distal predictor of mortality among long-term narcotics addicts.","volume":"23","author":"Hser","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"yoi240095r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530380039029","article-title":"Mortality following inpatient addictions treatment: role of tobacco use in a community-based cohort.","volume":"275","author":"Hurt","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"yoi240095r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1159\/000525694","article-title":"Mortality, causes of death, and predictors of death among patients on and off opioid agonist treatment: results from a 19-year cohort study.","volume":"28","author":"Skeie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Addict Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi240095r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15705","article-title":"Organ pathologies detected post-mortem in patients receiving opioid agonist treatment for opioid use disorder: a nation-wide 2-year cross-sectional study.","volume":"117","author":"Bech","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"5","key":"yoi240095r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14559","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among opioid-dependent patients in agonist treatment: a diagnostic study.","volume":"114","author":"Grischott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240095r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41533-019-0161-7","article-title":"COPD and asthma in patients with opioid dependency: a cross-sectional study in primary care.","volume":"30","author":"Mehta","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Prim Care Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi240095r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa156","article-title":"Cigarette smoking reduction and health risks: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"23","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"yoi240095r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01978-x","article-title":"Health effects associated with smoking: a burden of proof study.","volume":"28","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240095r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4282-z","article-title":"Mortality and causes of death among patients with opioid use disorder receiving opioid agonist treatment: a national register study.","volume":"19","author":"Bech","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"yoi240095r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntv127","article-title":"A systematic review of smoking cessation interventions for adults in substance abuse treatment or recovery.","volume":"18","author":"Thurgood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"yoi240095r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2017.1342661","article-title":"Smoking cessation among methadone-maintained patients: a meta-analysis.","volume":"53","author":"Yee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"issue":"9","key":"yoi240095r31","article-title":"Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation.","volume":"9","author":"Lindson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"yoi240095r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005231.pub3","article-title":"Interventions to reduce harm from continued tobacco use.","volume":"10","author":"Lindson-Hawley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi240095r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009670.pub4","article-title":"Additional behavioural support as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation.","volume":"6","author":"Hartmann-Boyce","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240095r34","article-title":"Behavioural interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis.","volume":"1","author":"Hartmann-Boyce","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240095r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1038-2","article-title":"Real-world evidence: how pragmatic are randomized controlled trials labeled as pragmatic?","volume":"16","author":"Dal-R\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240095r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06560-x","article-title":"Integration of smoking cessation into standard treatment for patients receiving opioid agonist therapy who are smoking tobacco: protocol for a randomised controlled trial (ATLAS4LAR).","volume":"23","author":"Druckrey-Fiskaaen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"22","key":"yoi240095r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.21022","article-title":"Guidelines for reporting outcomes in trial reports: the CONSORT-Outcomes 2022 extension.","volume":"328","author":"Butcher","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240095r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030992","article-title":"Reliability of the timeline followback for cocaine, cannabis, and cigarette use.","volume":"28","author":"Robinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240095r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/7\/1\/017111","article-title":"Carbon monoxide in exhaled breath testing and therapeutics.","volume":"7","author":"Ryter","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240095r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-023-07894-w","article-title":"Update of statistical analysis plan for: integration of smoking cessation into standard treatment for patients receiving opioid agonist therapy who are smoking tobacco: protocol for a randomised controlled trial (ATLAS4LAR).","volume":"25","author":"Druckrey-Fiskaaen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi240095r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00239-2023","article-title":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 report: GOLD executive summary.","volume":"61","author":"Agust\u00ed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi240095r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01406.x","article-title":"A smoking cessation intervention for the methadone-maintained.","volume":"101","author":"Stein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"5","key":"yoi240095r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx113","article-title":"Cigarette smoking cessation intervention for buprenorphine treatment patients.","volume":"20","author":"Hall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi240095r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15240","article-title":"Effect of varenicline directly observed therapy versus varenicline self-administered therapy on varenicline adherence and smoking cessation in methadone-maintained smokers: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"116","author":"Nahvi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"12","key":"yoi240095r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006414","article-title":"Perceived barriers to smoking cessation in selected vulnerable groups: a systematic review of the qualitative and quantitative literature.","volume":"4","author":"Twyman","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi240095r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01124.x","article-title":"When smokers are resistant to change: experimental analysis of the effect of patient resistance on practitioner behaviour.","volume":"100","author":"Francis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240095r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.20240044","article-title":"Implementation of community health worker support for tobacco cessation: a mixed-methods study.","volume":"76","author":"Foo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"4","key":"yoi240095r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.20220187","article-title":"A pragmatic cluster-randomized trial of provider education and community health worker support for tobacco cessation.","volume":"74","author":"Evins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi240095r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.0395","article-title":"Treatment of tobacco smoking: a review.","volume":"327","author":"Rigotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240095r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12319","article-title":"A systematic review of studies assessing the association between adherence to smoking cessation medication and treatment success.","volume":"109","author":"Raupach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"yoi240095r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.12.008","article-title":"Perceived barriers to smoking cessation among adults with substance use disorders.","volume":"74","author":"McHugh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"10","key":"yoi240095r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx210","article-title":"Adherence to pharmacological smoking cessation interventions: a literature review and synthesis of correlates and barriers.","volume":"20","author":"Pacek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"23","key":"yoi240095r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8895","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17238895","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators of adherence to nicotine replacement therapy: a systematic review and analysis using the capability, opportunity, motivation, and behaviour (COM-B) model.","volume":"17","author":"Mersha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"yoi240095r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntac271","article-title":"A scoping review and meta-analysis of the use of remote biochemical verification methods of smoking status in tobacco research.","volume":"25","author":"Thrul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"yoi240095r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028864","article-title":"Assessing recent smoking status by measuring exhaled carbon monoxide levels.","volume":"6","author":"Sandberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240095r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2011.637611","article-title":"Smoking cessation programs targeted to women: a systematic review.","volume":"52","author":"Torchalla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240095r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-013-0003-6","article-title":"Women and smoking: the effect of gender on the epidemiology, health effects, and cessation of smoking.","volume":"1","author":"Allen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Addict Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"yoi240095r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181a39113","article-title":"Methadone-nicotine interactions in methadone maintenance treatment patients.","volume":"29","author":"Elkader","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"yoi240095r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200544070-00001","article-title":"Buprenorphine: clinical pharmacokinetics in the treatment of opioid dependence.","volume":"44","author":"Elkader","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"12","key":"yoi240095r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03565.x","article-title":"Predictors of attempts to stop smoking and their success in adult general population samples: a systematic review.","volume":"106","author":"Vangeli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"yoi240095r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.10.013","article-title":"Predictors of smoking cessation: a longitudinal study in a large cohort of smokers.","volume":"132","author":"Holm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"yoi240095r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03363.x","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of a smoking reduction plus nicotine replacement therapy intervention for smokers not willing to quit smoking.","volume":"106","author":"Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"yoi240095r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2004.05.014","article-title":"Smoking reduction intervention in a large population-based study: the Inter99 study.","volume":"40","author":"Pisinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"yoi240095r35","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision. World Health Organization; 2019. Accessed January 8, 2024. https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2019\/en"},{"key":"yoi240095r65","unstructured":"Nesse? L, Lobmaier? P, Skeie? I, Lillevold? PH, Clausen? T. SERAF Statusrapport LAR 2023: tjuefem \u00e5r med legemiddelassisert rehabilitering (LAR). February 2024. Accessed June 24, 2024. https:\/\/www.med.uio.no\/klinmed\/forskning\/sentre\/seraf\/publikasjoner\/rapporter\/2024\/seraf-rapport-nr-2-2024-statusrapport-2023.pdf"},{"key":"yoi240095r66","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency. Shortage of Champix (varenicline). September 23, 2021. Accessed April 26, 2024. https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/shortage\/champix-varenicline-supply-shortage_en.pdf"}],"container-title":["JAMA Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapsychiatry\/articlepdf\/2829810\/jamapsychiatry_druckreyfiskaaen_2025_oi_240095_1743461592.28582.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T12:10:36Z","timestamp":1743768636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapsychiatry\/fullarticle\/2829810"}},"subtitle":["A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.4801","relation":{},"ISSN":["2168-622X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2168-622X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]}}}