{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:12:46Z","timestamp":1791216766249,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Antibiotics are thought to decelerate inflammation progression and reduce complications in acute uncomplicated appendicitis. The evidence of their effectiveness is insufficient, and treatment practices vary widely.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the effect of preoperatively started antibiotic treatment on the rate of appendiceal perforation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This multicenter, noninferiority, open-label randomized clinical trial was conducted in 2 hospitals in Finland and 1 hospital in Norway between May 18, 2020, and January 22, 2023. Data analysis was performed from March 2023 to March 2024. Eligible patients were adults (aged &amp;gt;18 years) diagnosed with presumed uncomplicated acute appendicitis. Patients with allergies or other contraindications to study antibiotics, previously started antibiotic treatment, pregnancy, a suspicion of perforated appendicitis, or other reasons to perform prompt surgery were excluded. Patients were randomized 1:1 with a web-based service simultaneously as the laparoscopic appendectomy was scheduled.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interventions<\/jats:title>\n Antibiotic treatment started while waiting for surgery (cefuroxime, 1500 mg, and metronidazole, 500 mg, every 8 hours until the surgery) or waiting without antibiotic treatment. Patients in both groups received a single prophylactic dose of antibiotics in the induction of anesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcomes and Measures<\/jats:title>\n The primary outcome was perforated appendicitis diagnosed during surgery. The absolute difference in perforation rates was compared between the groups by an intention-to-treat analysis, and the predefined noninferiority margin was 5 percentage points. Secondary outcomes included surgical site infections within 30 days.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 1797 patients were randomly assigned to either the antibiotic group (n\u2009=\u2009901) or no-antibiotic group (n\u2009=\u2009896). Median (IQR) patient age was 35 (28-46) years, and 793 patients (45%) were female. After randomization, 23 patients (1.3%) were excluded, leaving 1774 patients for the intention-to-treat analyses. The difference between the appendiceal perforation rates met the noninferiority threshold: 74 of 888 patients in the antibiotic group (8.3%) vs 79 of 886 patients in the no-antibiotic group (8.9%; absolute difference, 0.6 percentage points; 95% CI, \u22122.0 to 3.2 percentage points;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.66; risk ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.45). For secondary outcome, the surgical site infection rate was slightly lower in the antibiotic group (14 of 887 [1.6%]) vs the no-antibiotic group (28 of 886 [3.2%]; absolute difference, 1.6 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.2 to 3.0 percentage points;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.03).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n In this multicenter noninferiority randomized clinical trial, preoperatively started antibiotic treatment did not decrease the risk of appendiceal perforation when appendectomy was performed within 24 hours in adult patients with presumed uncomplicated acute appendicitis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n EudraCT Identifier: 2019-002348-26<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2025.1212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T11:02:08Z","timestamp":1747220528000},"page":"745","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Role of Preoperative Antibiotic Treatment While Awaiting Appendectomy"],"prefix":"10.1001","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Karoliina","family":"Jalava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Sallinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Lampela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Malmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingeborg","family":"Steinholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Surgery Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Knut Magne","family":"Augestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Division of Surgery Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Lepp\u00e4niemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panu","family":"Mentula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10","reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"soi250020r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.20502","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis in adults: a 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