{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:05:08Z","timestamp":1784563508508,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Medical Association (AMA)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAMA Neurol"],"abstract":"\n Importance<\/jats:title>\n Transportation noise has been proposed as a risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD), but epidemiological evidence remains limited and inconsistent.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To investigate whether long-term residential exposure to road traffic noise is associated with a higher risk of PD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design, Setting, and Participants<\/jats:title>\n This was a Danish nationwide prospective cohort study with follow-up from 2000 to 2017. Danish residents 40 years and older were eligible. Analyses were conducted from April to May 2026.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Exposures<\/jats:title>\n Based on complete residential address history from 1990 onward, 10-year time-weighted residential exposure to road traffic noise (LDEN) at the most and least exposed facades were assessed for all participants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcome and Measures<\/jats:title>\n Incident PD cases during follow-up were identified in the National Patient Register. Analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazards models.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Of 3\u202f542\u202f488 eligible individuals, 438\u202f911 were excluded (prevalent PD, incomplete address history, or missing covariates), leaving 3\u202f103\u202f577 participants (mean [SD] baseline age, 50.9 [11.7] years, 1\u202f588\u202f658 female [51.2%]). Among 3\u202f103\u202f577 participants, 20\u202f587 developed PD during follow-up. Road traffic noise at the most exposed facade (LDEN-Max) was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.03 (95% CI, 1.00-1.05) per interquartile increment of 11.5 dB in models adjusted for individual- and area-level sociodemographics, air pollution (fine particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 \u00b5m or less [PM2.5] and ultrafine particles), and green space covariates. Having a difference between noise at the most and least exposed facades (\u0394noise, indicator of having a quiet side) of 10 dB or more was associated with a decline in PD risk across different levels of LDEN-Max above 50 dB. Also, accounting for \u0394noise strengthened the association between LDEN-Max and PD (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.09). Noise at the least exposed facade was associated with PD, with an HR of 1.04 (95% CI, 1.02-1.07) per interquartile increment of 8.9 dB. Associations were consistent across strata of sex, education, income, cohabiting status, and population density and after additional adjustment for smoking and physical activity in a subpopulation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Relevance<\/jats:title>\n Results of this cohort study show that long-term exposure to road traffic noise was associated with higher PD risk. Having a quiet facade mitigated this association. These findings suggest noise as a novel risk factor for PD and support mitigation strategies ensuring a quiet residential side.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2026.2262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T15:30:41Z","timestamp":1784561441000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Road Traffic Noise, Noise Difference Between Residential Facades, and Risk of Parkinson Disease"],"prefix":"10.1001","author":[{"given":"Mette","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Work, Environment and Cancer, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aslak Harbo","family":"Poulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Work, Environment and Cancer, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, 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