{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T10:44:48Z","timestamp":1770979488296,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":6087,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999]]},"DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::aid-asi7>3.0.co;2-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,11]],"date-time":"2004-11-11T18:27:21Z","timestamp":1100197641000},"page":"242-253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Structures and strategies of interdisciplinary science"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Carole L.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1108\/eb024320","volume":"13","author":"Bates","year":"1989","journal-title":"Online Review"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB2","first-page":"155","volume":"45","author":"Bates","year":"1996","journal-title":"Library Trends"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB3","volume-title":"Art worlds","author":"Becker","year":"1982","unstructured":"(1982). Art worlds. Berkeley: University of California Press."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/053901883022002003","volume":"22","author":"Callon","year":"1983","journal-title":"Social Science Information"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-07408-2","volume-title":"Mapping the dynamics of science and technology: Sociology of science in the real world","author":"Callon","year":"1986","unstructured":"& (1986). Mapping the dynamics of science and technology: Sociology of science in the real world. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199701)48:1<17::AID-ASI4>3.0.CO;2-4","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1300\/J103v06n03_04","volume":"6","author":"Choi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Behavioral and Social Sciences Librarian"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-8525.1976.tb01715.x","volume":"17","author":"Chubin","year":"1976","journal-title":"Sociological Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400863136","volume-title":"The right tools for the job: At work in twentieth-century life sciences","author":"Clarke","year":"1992","unstructured":"& (Eds). (1992). The right tools for the job: At work in twentieth-century life sciences. Princeton: Princeton University Press."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1177\/030631289019002005","volume":"19","author":"Courtial","year":"1989","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB11","volume-title":"Creative marginality: Innovation at the intersections of social sciences","author":"Dogan","year":"1990","unstructured":"& (1990). Creative marginality: Innovation at the intersections of social sciences. Boulder, CO: Westview Press."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1086\/602622","volume":"63","author":"Ellis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Library Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB13","first-page":"98","volume-title":"Theories of science in society,","author":"Fisher","year":"1990","unstructured":"(1990). Boundary work and science: The relation between power and knowledge. In & (Eds.), Theories of science in society, (pp. 98-119). Indianapolis: Indiana University Press."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1177\/030631287017002003","volume":"17","author":"Fujimura","year":"1987","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.2307\/2095325","volume":"48","author":"Gieryn","year":"1983","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412990127.n18","volume-title":"Handbook of science and technology studies","author":"Gieryn","year":"1995","unstructured":"(1995). Boundaries of science. In & (Eds.), Handbook of science and technology studies (pp. 393-443). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB17","volume-title":"The discovery of grounded theory","author":"Glaser","year":"1967","unstructured":"& (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago: Aldine."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1086\/225469","volume":"78","author":"Granovetter","year":"1973","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB19","first-page":"139","volume-title":"What is a case: Exploring the foundations of social inquiry","author":"Harper","year":"1992","unstructured":"(1992). Small Ns and community case studies. In & (Eds.), What is a case: Exploring the foundations of social inquiry (pp. 139-158). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB20","volume-title":"Styles of scientific thought: The German genetics community, 1900-1933","author":"Harwood","year":"1993","unstructured":"(1993). Styles of scientific thought: The German genetics community, 1900-1933. Chicago: University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.5860\/crl_53_04_283","volume":"53","author":"Hurd","year":"1992","journal-title":"College and Research Libraries"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB22","volume-title":"Interdisciplinarity: History, theory, and practice","author":"Klein","year":"1990","unstructured":"(1990). Interdisciplinarity: History, theory, and practice. Detroit: Wayne State University."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB23","volume-title":"Crossing boundaries: Knowledge, disciplinarities, and interdisciplinarities","author":"Klein","year":"1996","unstructured":"(1996). Crossing boundaries: Knowledge, disciplinarities, and interdisciplinarities. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB24","volume-title":"The manufacture of knowledge","author":"Knorr-Cetina","year":"1981","unstructured":"(1981). The manufacture of knowledge. Oxford: Pergamon Press."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB25","volume-title":"Laboratory life: The social construction of scientific facts","author":"Latour","year":"1979","unstructured":"& (1979). Laboratory life: The social construction of scientific facts. London: Sage."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511815355","volume-title":"Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation","author":"Lave","year":"1991","unstructured":"& (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB27","volume-title":"Organizing modernity","author":"Law","year":"1994","unstructured":"(1994). Organizing modernity. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB28","first-page":"70","volume-title":"Knowledges: Historical and critical studies in disciplinarity","author":"Lenoir","year":"1993","unstructured":"(1993). The discipline of nature and the nature of disciplines. In & (Eds.), Knowledges: Historical and critical studies in disciplinarity (pp. 70-102). Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB29","first-page":"194","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 49th ASIS Annual Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, September 28-October 2, 1986","author":"McCain","year":"1986","unstructured":"(1986). Cross-disciplinary citation patterns in the history of technology. In & (Eds.), Proceedings of the 49th ASIS Annual Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, September 28-October 2, 1986 (pp. 194-198). Medford, NJ: Learned Information."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB30","volume-title":"Scientific interfaces and technological applications","author":"National Research Council","year":"1986","unstructured":"National Research Council. (U.S.). Physics Survey Committee. (1986). Scientific interfaces and technological applications. Washington, DC: National Academy Press."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB31","first-page":"165","volume":"45","author":"Palmer","year":"1996a","journal-title":"Library Trends"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB32","author":"Palmer","year":"1996b","unstructured":"(1996b). Practices and conditions of boundary crossing research work: A study of scientists at an interdisciplinary institute. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB33","first-page":"253","volume-title":"Finding Common Ground: Creating the Library of the Future without Diminishing the Library of the Past?Proceedings, 1996, Cambridge, MA","author":"Palmer","year":"1998","unstructured":"(1998). Ways of working and knowing across boundaries: Research practices of interdisciplinary scientists. In & (Eds.), Finding Common Ground: Creating the Library of the Future without Diminishing the Library of the Past?Proceedings, 1996, Cambridge, MA (pp. 253-261). New York: Neal-Schuman."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026873","volume":"47","author":"Palmer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB35","volume-title":"Qualitative evaluation and research methodS","author":"Patton","year":"1990","unstructured":"(1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methodS (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB36","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Interdisciplinary analysis and research: Theory and practice of problem-focused research and development","author":"Petrie","year":"1986","unstructured":"(1986). Do you see what I see? The epistemology of interdisciplinary inquiry. In Interdisciplinary analysis and research: Theory and practice of problem-focused research and development (pp. 115-130). Mt. Airy, MD: Lomond. Reprinted from Educational Researcher, 5(2), 9-15."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB37","volume-title":"Scientific knowledge and its social problems","author":"Ravetz","year":"1971","unstructured":"(1971). Scientific knowledge and its social problems. New York: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB38","first-page":"315","volume":"45","author":"Searing","year":"1996","journal-title":"Library Trends"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB39","volume-title":"Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences","author":"Seidman","year":"1991","unstructured":"(1991). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences. New York: Teachers College Press."},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1177\/030631277700700202","volume":"7","author":"Small","year":"1977","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026695","volume":"36","author":"Small","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1177\/030631289019003001","volume":"19","author":"Star","year":"1989","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB43","first-page":"217","volume":"10","author":"Taylor","year":"1991","journal-title":"Progress in Communication Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02018127","volume":"30","author":"Turner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB45","first-page":"239","volume":"45","author":"White","year":"1996","journal-title":"Library Trends"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1177\/030631289019003004","volume":"19","author":"Whittaker","year":"1989","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7-BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026702","volume":"37","author":"Wilson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Society for Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2F(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3%3C242::AID-ASI7%3E3.0.CO;2-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3%3C242::AID-ASI7%3E3.0.CO;2-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T08:07:30Z","timestamp":1625126850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(sici)1097-4571(1999)50:3<242::aid-asi7>3.0.co;2-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8231","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4571","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999]]}}}