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The capacity of certain substances to damage catecholaminergic neurons has been used extensively to produce DA deficiency in animals. This unit describes methods for inducing parkinsonism in nonhuman primates and rodents using the neurotoxins 1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenyl\u20101,2,3,6\u2010tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 6\u2010hydroxydopamine (6\u2010OHDA). Additionally, procedures for evaluating the animals are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/0471140856.tx0108s18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,9]],"date-time":"2004-06-09T16:19:07Z","timestamp":1086797947000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Preclinical Models of Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Krys S.","family":"Bankiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Sanchez\u2010Pernaute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshitsugu","family":"Oiwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wakayama Medical University  Wakayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Kohutnicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Cummins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Mental Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Eberling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis  Davis California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.3.825"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(86)90431-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.14.4546"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90088-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(79)90006-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(87)90101-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00230688"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199708180-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00710-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19981116)401:2<253::AID-CNE7>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.5.2283"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(88)90320-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1985.tb07120.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100037860"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(85)90064-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(91)90180-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.7.2173"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(96)01366-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890130402"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00571-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","first-page":"419","volume-title":"MPTP: A Neurotoxin Producing a Parkinsonian Syndrome","author":"Leroux\u2010Nicollet I.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07331.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(88)90166-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(85)90146-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410340306"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5400.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)90597-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)90120-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90605-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.02-03-00376.1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(89)90372-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90069-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Depletion of dopamine in the striatum as an experimental model of parkinsonism: Direct effects and adaptive mechanisms","volume":"18","author":"Schultz W.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Prog. 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