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PAH is a non\u2010heme\u2010iron\u2010dependent protein that normally catalyzes the C\u2010oxidation of phenylalanine (Phe) to tyrosine (Tyr) in the presence of BH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, utilizing molecular dioxygen as an additional substrate. However, over recent years, the presumed narrow substrate specificity of PAH has been questioned and catalytic activity towards alternative xenobiotic substrates (both environmental and drugs) has been reported. Like the cytochrome P450 system, PAH is able to oxidize both aliphatic and aromatic carbon centers in addition to undertaking the S\u2010oxidation of aliphatic thioethers (including the two mucoactive drugs S\u2010carboxymethyl\u2010<jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010cysteine and S\u2010methyl\u2010<jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010cysteine).<jats:italic>Curr. Protoc. Toxicol<\/jats:italic>. 41:4.29.1\u20104.29.11. \u00a9 2009 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/0471140856.tx0429s41","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,4]],"date-time":"2009-08-04T15:46:44Z","timestamp":1249400804000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Measurement of Phenylalanine Monooxygenase (PAH) Activities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Glyn B.","family":"Steventon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen C.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/DMDI.2005.21.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/DMDI.2008.23.3-4.261"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.61.01.0009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.68.1.355"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/DMDI.2004.20.3.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3110353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)33333-7","article-title":"Specificity of amino acids as activators and substrates for phenylalanine hydroxylase","volume":"257","author":"Kaufman S.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. 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