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Progress in understanding the mechanism of skin sensitization, including effects on the production of cytokines by different cell types within the skin, provides the opportunity to develop in vitro tests as an alternative to in vivo sensitization testing. This unit will describe a method for differentiating contact allergens from low\u2010molecular\u2010weight respiratory allergens and irritants, based on the selective induction of intracellular interleukin 18 (IL\u201018) in the human keratinocyte cell line NCTC 2544. Similar results could also be obtained using primary human keratinocytes or other human keratinocyte cell lines, e.g., HaCaT, HPKII, etc. IL\u201018 was chosen because this cytokine has been demonstrated to favor Th\u20101\u2010type immune responses by enhancing the secretion of pro\u2010inflammatory mediators such as TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20108, and IFN\u2010\u03b3, and to play a key proximal role in the induction of allergic contact dermatitis. <jats:italic>Curr. 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