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Coal mine dust often contains silica and other minerals found within the coal seam or in the adjacent strata. In the US and other countries, coal miners continue to be at risk of developing chronic lung diseases caused by cumulative exposure to respirable coal mine dust. These diseases can lead to significant lung function impairment, disability, and premature death. Collectively known as \u201cBlack Lung\u201d, they include coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), and its more advanced stage, progressive massive fibrosis (PMF), as well as chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). Many countries have occupational exposure limits for coal mine dust typically based on assessment of the mass of dust collected during a work shift. 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