{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T13:29:39Z","timestamp":1786973379994,"version":"build-2736575974"},"edition-number":"1","reference-count":630,"publisher":"Wiley","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780471319436","type":"print"},{"value":"9780471125471","type":"electronic"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,17]],"date-time":"2012-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1345161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Aliphatic hydrocarbons are open\u2010chain compounds that may be saturated or unsaturated. The saturated compounds, known as\n                    <jats:italic>paraffin hydrocarbons<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>alkanes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , include methane and its homologs having the empirical formula C\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      2\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      +2\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    . The unsaturated compounds fall into a number of homologous series: (\n                    <jats:italic>1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) those containing one double bond (ethylene and its homologs) and having the formula C\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      2\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    are known as\n                    <jats:italic>olefins<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>alkenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; (\n                    <jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) those containing one triple bond (acetylene and its homologs) are called\n                    <jats:italic>acetylenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>alkynes<\/jats:italic>\n                    and have the formula C\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      2\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u22122\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ; (\n                    <jats:italic>3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) those having two double bonds (allene, 1,3\u2010butadiene and 1,4\u2010pentadiene represent three types) are\n                    <jats:italic>diolefins<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>alkadienes<\/jats:italic>\n                    and also have the formula C\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      2\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u22122\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ; (\n                    <jats:italic>4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) those having a large number of double or triple bonds or both double and triple bonds are named in analogous fashion as\n                    <jats:italic>alkatrienes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>alkatetraenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>alkadiynes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>alkenynes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>alkadienynes<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Aliphatic hydrocarbons are asphyxiants and\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"term-definition\">central nervous system<\/jats:named-content>\n                    (\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"abbreviation\">CNS<\/jats:named-content>\n                    ) depressants. Serious toxic effects of aliphatic hydrocarbons include asphyxia and chemical pneumonitis for many paraffins, axonal neuropathy for\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010hexane, and cancer for 1,3\u2010butadiene.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/0471435139.tox049.pub2","type":"other","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,21]],"date-time":"2012-08-21T17:19:05Z","timestamp":1345569545000},"page":"1-102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Aliphatic Hydrocarbons"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Tania","family":"Carre\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Herrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"Hamilton & Hardy's Industrial Toxicology","author":"Harbison R. 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