{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:25:38Z","timestamp":1787826338892,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1743,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003583","name":"National Human Rights Commission of the Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003583","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u201d2018S1A5B6075594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u201d2018S1A5B6075594"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u201d2018S1A5B6075594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u201d2018S1A5B6075594"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study investigated whether organizational responses modified the associations between experiencing violence and depressive symptoms among emergency workers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A nationwide survey of 1966 Korean emergency medical service (EMS) providers was analyzed. Experience of workplace violence (ie, physical violence, verbal abuse) was classified into four groups based on the victims\u2019 reporting and organizational responses: (i) \u201cNot experienced,\u201d (ii) \u201cExperienced, not reported,\u201d (iii) \u201cExperienced, reported, responded by organization,\u201dand (iv) \u201cExperienced, reported, not responded by organization.\u201d Depressive symptoms were assessed by 11-item version of the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Compared to \u201cNot experienced\u201d group, physical violence was significantly associated with depressive symptoms among EMS providers responding \u201cExperienced, not reported\u201d (PR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.37, 2.03) and \u201cExperienced, reported, not responded by organization\u201d (PR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.75, 3.82), after adjusting for confounders. No significant difference was detected for workers responding \u201cExperienced, reported, responded by organization\u201d group (PR: 1.45, 95% CI: 0.87, 2.41). Similar trends were observed in the analysis with verbal abuse.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings suggest that organizational responses could play a critical role in mitigating depressive symptoms among EMS providers who experience violence at work.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/1348-9585.12025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T08:46:07Z","timestamp":1548060367000},"page":"101-109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Organizational response to workplace violence, and its association with depressive symptoms: A nationwide survey of 1966 Korean EMS providers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9424-5962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji-Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5898-8125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nagyeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Care Policy Research Department, Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs , Sejong, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8949-1912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ja Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gyeonggi Public Health Policy Institute , Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0678-6353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fire Science Research Center, Seoul Metropolitan Fire Service Academy , Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4429-7120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassandra","family":"Okechukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. 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