{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:27:21Z","timestamp":1787318841716,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":668,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]],"date-time":"2022-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":43,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1D1A1B04032379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1D1A1B04032379"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1D1A1B04032379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1D1A1B04032379"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight induces the production of essential vitamin D, whereas overexposure to sunlight leads to skin cancer. Sunlight exposure has been measured using questionnaires, dosimeters, and vitamin D levels. Several studies have measured vitamin D in the working population; however, these studies were limited to certain occupations such as farmers and construction workers. In the present study, we evaluated sunlight exposure using blood vitamin D as an exposure surrogate across industries and occupations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) is a nationwide study representing the Korean population. We analyzed data from KNHANES between 2008 and 2009. We examined the association between vitamin D levels and pertinent personal, seasonal, residential, and occupational factors. Furthermore, we developed a multiple regression model with factors other than occupational factors (industry and occupation) and obtained residual values. We computed the third quartile (Q3) of the residuals and then calculated the fractions exceeding the Q3\u00a0level for each combination of industry and occupation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age, sex, body mass index, year, season, latitude, living area, living in an apartment, industry, and occupation were significantly associated with vitamin D levels. Based on the exceeding fraction, the armed forces showed the highest exceeding fraction level of 0.71.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results present the high exposure groups to sunlight across industries and occupations. Our results may provide a source for prioritizing occupational groups with a high risk of adverse health effects from sunlight exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/1348-9585.12318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]],"date-time":"2022-02-13T12:34:40Z","timestamp":1644755680000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assessment of sunlight exposure across industries and occupations using blood vitamin D as a biomarker"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2868-4411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Hee","family":"Koh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University , Incheon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9675-6475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju-Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Dongguk University , Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8173-3940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Gil","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency , Ulsan, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3635-1297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hwan-Cheol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University , Incheon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2842-8765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyejung","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University , Incheon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9221-5831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inah","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8787-7216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangjun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3847-7392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donguk","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University , Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2024071808265928900_joh212318-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu104","article-title":"Understanding vitamin D deficiency","volume":"43","author":"Sahota","year":"2014","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"16","key":"2024071808265928900_joh212318-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMicm1104059","article-title":"Images in clinical medicine. Unilateral dermatoheliosis","volume":"366","author":"Gordon","year":"2012","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024071808265928900_joh212318-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19152","article-title":"Global evidence on occupational sun exposure and keratinocyte cancers: a systematic review","volume":"184","author":"Loney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024071808265928900_joh212318-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-019-01454-z","article-title":"Burden of non-melanoma skin cancer attributable to occupational sun exposure in Canada","volume":"92","author":"Peters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"14","key":"2024071808265928900_joh212318-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7698","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147698","article-title":"The impacts of sun exposure on worker physiology and cognition: 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