{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T07:48:02Z","timestamp":1792136882250,"version":"4.4.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd000164","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,20]],"date-time":"2010-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1263945600000}}],"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd000164.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,18]],"date-time":"2010-01-18T07:36:28Z","timestamp":1263800188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Phenobarbital prior to preterm birth for preventing neonatal periventricular haemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Caroline A","family":"Crowther","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Adelaide; ARCH: Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Women's and Children's Hospital 72 King William Road Adelaide South Australia Australia 5006"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle D","family":"Crosby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Adelaide; School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Women's and Children's Hospital 72 King William Road Adelaide Australia SA 5006"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(86)90392-3","article-title":"Antenatal phenobarbital for the prevention of neonatal intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"154","author":"* Shankaran S","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346A","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198404001-01518","article-title":"Antenatal phenobarbital for prevention of intracerebral hemorrhage: preliminary observations","volume":"18","author":"Shankaran","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.97.5.644","article-title":"Antenatal phenobarbital therapy and neonatal outcome I: Effect on intracranial hemorrhage","volume":"97","author":"* Shankaran S","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1990.18.s1.104","article-title":"Antenatal phenobarbital administration significantly reduces intracranial hemorrhage in <1250g neonates","volume":"18","author":"Shankaran","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","first-page":"225A","article-title":"Antenatal phenobarbital administration significantly reduces intracranial hemorrhage in <1250g neonates","volume":"27","author":"Shankaran","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.97.5.649","article-title":"Antenatal phenobarbital therapy and neonatal outcome II: neurodevelopment outcome at 36 months","volume":"97","author":"Shankaran","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177A","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199704001-01068","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcome following antenatal phenobarbital (PB) exposure in a multicenter randomized trial","volume":"41","author":"* Shankaran S","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-240X(199912)22:6<461::AID-NUR4>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Preterm infant behavioral and heart rate responses to antenatal phenobarbital","volume":"22","author":"McCain","year":"1999","journal-title":"Research in Nursing and Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.122445","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcome of premature infants after antenatal phenobarbital exposure","volume":"187","author":"Shankaran","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708143370705","article-title":"The effect of antenatal phenobarbital therapy on neonatal intracranial haemorrhage in preterm infants","volume":"337","author":"Shankaran","year":"1997","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"4 Pt 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","first-page":"1452","article-title":"Does antenatal phenobarbital prevent neonatal intracranial hemorrhage in preterm infants: randomized controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Shankaran","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1159\/000263360","article-title":"Antenatal phenobarbital in preventing intraventricular hemorrhage in premature newborns","volume":"3","author":"Carolis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fetal Therapy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80141-6","article-title":"Antenatal phenobarbital for the prevention of periventricular and intraventricular hemorrhage: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multihospital trial","volume":"117","author":"Kaempf","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","first-page":"247","article-title":"Use of prenatal phenobarbital in the prevention of subependymal\/intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants","volume":"29","author":"Arroyo-Cabrales","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives of Medical Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-198609000-00001","article-title":"Prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants by maternally administered phenobarbital","volume":"68","author":"Morales","year":"1986","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(88)90580-7","article-title":"Antenatal phenobarbital and bilirubin metabolism in the very low birth weight infant","volume":"159","author":"* Rayburn W","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0018|cit17","unstructured":"Rayburn W Donn S Compton A Maternal phenobarbital therapy and intraventricular hemorrhage in the low birth weight infant. Proceedings of the 6th Annual Meeting of the Society of Perinatal Obstetricians; 1986 Jan 30-Feb 1; San Antonio, Texas, USA 1986 108"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0017|cit18","first-page":"268","article-title":"Oral phenobarbital given antenatally to reduce neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage, a comparison between maternal and umbilical cord serum levels at delivery","volume":"9","author":"Rayburn","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-199406000-00034","article-title":"Antepartum vitamin K and phenobarbital for preventing intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature newborn; a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial [letter]","volume":"83","author":"Lia","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","first-page":"363","article-title":"Effects of phenobarbital and multiple-dose corticosteroids on developmental outcome at age 7 years","volume":"101","author":"Thorp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","first-page":"70","article-title":"Antepartum vitamin K and phenobarbital for preventing intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature newborn: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"83","author":"Thorp","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","first-page":"S117","article-title":"Does in-utero phenobarbital lower IQ? Follow up of the intracranial hemorrhage prevention trial","volume":"176","author":"Thorp","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","first-page":"S50","article-title":"Antenatal\/postnatal steroids and developmental outcome at age 2 years","volume":"184","author":"Thorp","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00317-K","article-title":"The effect of combined antenatal vitamin K and phenobarbital therapy on umbilical blood coagulation studies in infants less than 34 weeks' gestation","volume":"86","author":"Thorp","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(01)80077-6","article-title":"Effects of phenobarbital and multiple-dose antenatal\/postnatal steroid on developmental outcome at age 7 years [abstract]","volume":"185","author":"Thorp","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90694-0","article-title":"Antenatal vitamin K (VK) and phenobarbital (PH) for preventing intracrancial hemorrhage (ICH) in the premature newborn: a randomized double blinded placebo controlled trial","volume":"172","author":"Thorp","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00091-5","article-title":"Combined antenatal vitamin K and phenobarbital therapy for preventing intracranial hemorrhage in newborns less than 34 weeks' gestation","volume":"86","author":"Thorp","year":"1995","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90787-4","article-title":"Mode of delivery and prediction of severe intracranial hemorrhage (ICH): a randomized double blinded placebo controlled trial","volume":"172","author":"Thorp","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.5.751","article-title":"Antenatal phenobarbital therapy and neonatal outcome","volume":"99","author":"Thorp","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00155-5","article-title":"Maternal oxygen desaturation with intravenous magnesium sulphate therapy","volume":"89","author":"Thorp","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993836","article-title":"Does perinatal phenobarbital exposure affect developmental outcome at age 2?","volume":"16","author":"Thorp","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Perinatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(12)90661-4","article-title":"Antepartum vitamin K and phenobarbital for preventing intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature newborn: a randomized double blinded placebo controlled trial","volume":"168","author":"Thorp","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90928-1","article-title":"The effect of antenatal vitamin K (VK) and phenobarbital (PH) on cord blood coagulation studies at birth: a randomized double blinded placebo controlled trial","volume":"172","author":"Thorp","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000229.pub2","article-title":"Vitamin K prior to preterm birth for preventing neonatal periventricular haemorrhage","author":"Crowther","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470693926.ch15","article-title":"Statistical methods for examining heterogeneity and combining results from several studies in meta-analysis","volume-title":"Systematic reviews in health care: meta-analysis in context","author":"Deeks","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)64922-7","article-title":"Antenatal phenobarbitone and neonatal outcome","volume":"348","author":"Doyle","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.79.6.901","article-title":"Reduction in incidence of periventricular intraventricular hemorrhages in hypertensive newborn beagles pretreated with phenobarbital","volume":"79","author":"Goddard-Finegold","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins JPT Green S Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.2 [updated September 2009]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2009 Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470712184"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","article-title":"Prevention of periventricular-intraventricular haemorrhage","volume-title":"Effective care of the newborn infant","author":"Horbar","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","unstructured":"The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager (RevMan) 2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004454.pub","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth","author":"Roberts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","first-page":"S117","article-title":"Does in-utero phenobarbital lower IQ? Follow up of the intracranial hemorrhage prevention trial","volume":"176","author":"Thorp","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993836","article-title":"Does perinatal phenobarbital exposure affect developmental outcome at age 2?","volume":"16","author":"Thorp","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","first-page":"363","article-title":"Effects of phenobarbital and multiple-dose corticosteroids on developmental outcome at age 7 years","volume":"101","author":"Thorp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.6.1216","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Developmental Neonatal Research Network 1993-1994","volume":"105","author":"Vohr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001691.pub2","article-title":"Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants","author":"Whitelaw","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1982.tb09471.x","article-title":"Hypertensive peaks in the pathogenesis of intraventricular haemorrhage in the newborn: abolition by phenobarbitone sedation","volume":"71","author":"Wimberley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","unstructured":"Crowther CA Alfirevic Z Phenobarbital prior to preterm delivery. [revised 07 April 1994] In: Enkin MW, Keirse MJNC, Renfrew MJ, Neilson JP, Crowther C (eds.) Pregnancy and Childbirth Module. In: The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Database [database on disk and CDROM]. The Cochrane Collaboration; Issue 2, Oxford: Update Software; 1995"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","unstructured":"Crowther CA Henderson-Smart DJ Phenobarbital prior to preterm birth In: Neilson JP, Crowther CA, Hodnett ED, Hofmeyr GJ, Keirse MJNC (eds). Pregnancy and Childbirth Module of The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, [updated 03 June 1997]. Available in The Cochrane Library [database on disk and CDROM]. The Cochrane Collaboration; Issue 3. Oxford: Update Software; 1997. Updated quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","article-title":"Phenobarbital prior to preterm birth for preventing neonatal periventricular haemorrhage","author":"Crowther","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000164","article-title":"Phenobarbital prior to preterm birth for preventing neonatal periventricular haemorrhage","author":"Crowther","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T07:04:32Z","timestamp":1792134272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD000164.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,20]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd000164.pub2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,20]]}}}