{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:35:19Z","timestamp":1792719319569,"version":"4.5.0"},"publisher-location":"Chichester, UK","reference-count":61,"publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd000219.pub3","type":"reference-entry","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,29]],"date-time":"2013-01-29T13:43:47Z","timestamp":1359467027000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Roderick P","family":"Venekamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul P","family":"Glasziou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris B","family":"Del Mar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maroeska M","family":"Rovers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB1|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6815.1450","article-title":"Co-amoxiclav in recurrent acute otitis media: placebo controlled study","volume":"303","author":"Appelman","year":"1991","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB2|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6882.895","article-title":"Severity of inflammation of tympanic membrane as predictor of clinical course of recurrent acute otitis media","volume":"306","author":"Appelman","year":"1993","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB3|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1994.tb01144.x","article-title":"Persistence of middle ear dysfunction after recurrent acute otitis media","volume":"19","author":"Claessen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical Otolaryngology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB4|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6802.558","article-title":"Acute red ear in children: controlled trial of non-antibiotic treatment in general practice","volume":"303","author":"Burke","year":"1991","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB5|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7231.350","article-title":"Primary care based randomised, double blind trial of amoxicillin versus placebo for acute otitis media in children aged under 2 years","volume":"320","author":"Damoiseaux","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB6|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1968.02100010544003","article-title":"Otitis media: clinical observation, microbiology and evaluation of therapy","volume":"115","author":"Halsted","year":"1968","journal-title":"American Journal of Diseases of Children"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB7|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0912254","article-title":"Treatment of acute otitis media in children under 2 years of age","volume":"364","author":"Hoberman","year":"2011","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB8|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/000992287201100407","article-title":"Efficacy of fixed combination antibiotics versus separate components in otitis media: effectiveness of erythromycin estolate, triple sulfonamide, ampicillin, erythromycin estolate-triple sulfonamide, and placebo in 280 patients with acute otitis media under two and one-half years of age","volume":"11","author":"Howie","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clinical Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB9|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.87.4.466","article-title":"Amoxicillin or myringotomy or both for acute otitis media: results of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"87","author":"Kaleida","year":"1991","journal-title":"Paediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB10|cit10","first-page":"263","article-title":"Treatment of acute otitis media: a controlled study of 142 children","volume":"102","author":"Laxdal","year":"1970","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB11|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1040771","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled noninferiority trial of amoxicillin for clinically diagnosed acute otitis media in children 6 months to 5 years of age","volume":"172","author":"Saux","year":"2005","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB12|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7282.336","article-title":"Pragmatic randomised controlled trial of two prescribing strategies for childhood acute otitis media","volume":"322","author":"Little","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB13|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1665","article-title":"Nonsevere acute otitis media: a clinical trial comparing outcomes of watchful waiting versus immediate antibiotic treatment","volume":"115","author":"McCormick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB14|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1981.tb01781.x","article-title":"Penicillin in acute otitis media: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Mygind","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clinical Otolaryngology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB15|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894800890S363","article-title":"Penicillin and acute otitis: short and long term results","volume":"89","author":"Thomsen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology, Supplement"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB16|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1080\/02813430701267405","article-title":"Evaluation of phenoxymethylpenicillin treatment of acute otitis media in children aged 2-16","volume":"25","author":"Neumark","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB17|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.10.1235","article-title":"Wait-and-see prescription for the treatment of acute otitis media","volume":"296","author":"Spiro","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB18|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1007174","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of antimicrobial treatment for acute otitis media","volume":"364","author":"T\u00e4htinen","year":"2011","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB19|cit19","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Acute and Secretory Otitis Media 1985, Jerusalem","first-page":"441","article-title":"Is penicillin necessary in the treatment of acute otitis media?","author":"Thalin","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB20|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)91388-X","article-title":"Therapy of acute otitis media: myringotomy, antibiotics or neither? A double-blind study in children","volume":"2","author":"Buchem","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB21|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)91388-X","article-title":"Therapy of acute otitis media: myringotomy, antibiotics or neither? A double-blind study in children","volume":"2","author":"Buchem","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB22|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2010.12.003","article-title":"Single-dose extended-release azithromycin versus a 10-day regimen of amoxicillin\/clavulanate for the treatment of children with acute otitis media","volume":"15","author":"Arguedas","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB23|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.2165\/11590320-000000000-00000","article-title":"Comparison of amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid high dose with cefdinir in the treatment of acute otitis media","volume":"72","author":"Casey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"6322","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB24|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.284.6322.1078","article-title":"Trial of three-day and ten-day courses of amoxycillin in otitis media","volume":"284","author":"Chaput de Saintonge","year":"1982","journal-title":"BMJ Clinical Research Edition"},{"issue":"8655","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB25|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90192-X","article-title":"Randomised study of myringotomy, amoxycillin\/clavulanate, or both for acute otitis media in infants","volume":"2","author":"Engelhard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB26|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5022","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00692-11","article-title":"Comparison of azithromycin pharmacokinetics following single oral doses of extended-release and immediate-release formulations in children with acute otitis media","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB27|cit27","series-title":"Recent advances in otitis media. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium","first-page":"235","article-title":"Management of acute otitis media without primary administration of systemic antimicrobial agents","author":"Ostfeld","year":"1987"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB28|cit28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Acute otitis media: comparative therapeutic results of sulphonamide and penicillin administered in various forms","volume":"113","author":"Rudberg","year":"1954","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB29|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.5.1061","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment of acute otorrhea through tympanostomy tube: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study with daily follow-up","volume":"111","author":"Ruohola","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB30|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.5.e574","article-title":"Naturopathic treatment for ear pain in children","volume":"111","author":"Sarrell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB31|cit31","first-page":"[Epub ahead of","article-title":"Delayed versus immediate antimicrobial treatment for acute otitis media","author":"T\u00e4htinen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB32|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.290.6474.1033","article-title":"Acute otitis media: a new treatment strategy","volume":"290","author":"Buchem","year":"1985","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB33|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.5.1451","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines: diagnosis and management of acute otitis media","volume":"113","author":"American Academy of","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB34|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki257","article-title":"Analysis of under-and overprescribing of antibiotics in acute otitis media in general practice","volume":"56","author":"Akkerman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB35|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003539.pub2","article-title":"Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing in ambulatory care","author":"Arnold","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB36|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.86.6.848","article-title":"Clinical role of respiratory virus infection in acute otitis media","volume":"86","author":"Arola","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB37|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181950c74","article-title":"Potential contribution by nontypable Haemophilus influenzae in protracted and recurrent acute otitis media","volume":"28","author":"Barkai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB38|cit38","first-page":"126","article-title":"Otitis media in developing countries","volume":"96","author":"Berman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB39|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7185.715","article-title":"An evidence based approach to reducing antibiotic use in children with acute otitis media: controlled before and after the study","volume":"318","author":"Cates","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB40|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31352","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2278","article-title":"Comparison of two approaches to observation therapy for acute otitis media in the emergency department","volume":"121","author":"Chao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB41|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81950-X","article-title":"Effect of viral respiratory tract infection on outcome of acute otitis media","volume":"120","author":"Chonmaitree","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6964","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB42|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6964.1286","article-title":"Identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews","volume":"309","author":"Dickersin","year":"1994","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB43|cit43","first-page":"406","article-title":"A cross-national study of acute otitis media: risk factors, severity, and treatment at initial visit. Report from the International Primary Care Network (IPCN) and the Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network (ASPN)","volume":"14","author":"Froom","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Board of Family Practice"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB44|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894021110S304","article-title":"Recent advances in otitis media, 1: definitions, terminology, and classification of otitis media","volume":"111","author":"Gates","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB45|cit45","unstructured":"Higgins JPT Green S (editors) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB46|cit46","first-page":"89","article-title":"Epidemiology of otitis media","volume":"8","author":"Klein","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatic Infectious Disease Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB47|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2007.3","article-title":"Antibiotic therapy to prevent the development of asymptomatic middle ear effusion in children with acute otitis media","volume":"134","author":"Koopman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB48|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001095.pub2","article-title":"Short-course antibiotics for acute otitis media","author":"Kozyrskyj","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB49|cit49","unstructured":"Lefebvre C Manheimer E Glanville J Chapter 6: Searching for studies. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB50|cit50","first-page":"176","article-title":"Longer term outcomes from a randomised trial of prescribing strategies in otitis media","volume":"56","author":"Little","year":"2006","journal-title":"British Journal of General Practice"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB51|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31803dd380","article-title":"Laterality of acute otitis media: different clinical and microbiologic characteristics","volume":"26","author":"McCormick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB52|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(94)70356-6","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of antimicrobial drugs for acute otitis media: meta-analysis of 5400 children from thirty-three randomized trials","volume":"124","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB53|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.12.1633","article-title":"Does this child have acute otitis media?","volume":"290","author":"Rothman","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB54|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69606-2","article-title":"Antibiotics for acute otitis media: a meta-analysis with individual patient data","volume":"368","author":"Rovers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB55|cit55","article-title":"Delayed antibiotics for respiratory infections","author":"Spurling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB56|cit56","first-page":"11","article-title":"The impact of otitis media","volume":"8","author":"Stool","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatic Infectious Disease Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB57|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.1.83","article-title":"Epidemiology of otitis media during first seven years of life in children in greater Boston: a prospective cohort study","volume":"160","author":"Teele","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB58|cit58","article-title":"Treatments for acute otitis media in children: antibiotic versus placebo","author":"Glasziou","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB59|cit59","article-title":"Antibiotics versus placebo for acute otitis media in children","author":"Glasziou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB60|cit60","article-title":"Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children","author":"Glasziou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3-BIB61|cit61","article-title":"Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children","author":"Sanders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd000219.pub4","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,23]],"date-time":"2015-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435017600000}}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/cdsr\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3\/epdf\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T22:53:10Z","timestamp":1644187990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub3"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Roderick P","family":"Venekamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,31]]},"references-count":61,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd000219.pub3","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000219.pub4","asserted-by":"object"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,31]]}}}