{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T09:15:41Z","timestamp":1792660541445,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd000998.pub2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,12]],"date-time":"2012-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355270400000}}],"reference-count":163,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd000998.pub3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,6]],"date-time":"2012-12-06T18:48:17Z","timestamp":1354819697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Ivone M","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Western Hospital; Asthma and Airways Centre; 7th Floor, East Wing, 399 Bathurst Street Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"McMaster University; Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology; Hamilton Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto; Department of Physical Therapy; 160-500 University Avenue Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 1V7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"York District Hospital; Respiratory Medicine; Wigginton Rd York North Yorks UK YO31 8HE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Park Hospital; Division of Respiratory Medicine; University of Toronto 82 Buttonwood Avenue Toronto Ontario Canada M6M 2J5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.132.4_MeetingAbstracts.532","article-title":"Effects of nutritional modification on anthropometry and lung functions of COPD patients","volume":"132","author":"Ali","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0002|cit2","first-page":"A150","article-title":"Effects of nutritional modification on anthropometry and lung functions of COPD patients","volume":"11 (Supplement","author":"Bennoor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0003|cit3","unstructured":"DeLetter MC A nutritional intervention for persons with chronic airflow limitation [PhD thesis] 1991"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/137.5.1075","article-title":"The effect of supplementary oral nutrition in poorly nourished patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"137","author":"Efthimiou","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/142.1.49","article-title":"The immune response to short nutritional intervention in advanced COPD","volume":"142","author":"Fuenzalida","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2003838","article-title":"Energy balance in depleted ambulatory patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the effect of physical activity and oral nutritional supplementation","volume":"89","author":"Goris","year":"2003","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.93.5.977","article-title":"Dietary supplementation and respiratory muscle performance in patients with COPD","volume":"93","author":"Knowles","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0008|cit8","first-page":"1062","article-title":"Nutritional supplementation in ambulatory patients with COPD","volume":"135","author":"Lewis","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607189013002152","article-title":"Nutritional repletion in malnourished patients with emphysema","volume":"13","author":"Otte","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.6.1511","article-title":"Physiologic effects of oral supplementation feeding in malnourished patients with COPD - a randomized control study","volume":"146","author":"Rogers","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.4.7551381","article-title":"Physiologic effects of nutritional support and anabolic steroids in patients with COPD - a placebo controlled randomized trial","volume":"152","author":"Schols","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0012|cit12","first-page":"262s","article-title":"Nutritional enhancement of exercise performance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"20 (Suppl 38)","author":"Steiner","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.9.745","article-title":"Nutritional enhancement of exercise performance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"58","author":"Steiner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"Suppl 38","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0014|cit14","first-page":"211s","article-title":"The effect of nutritional supplementation on body weight and composition in COPD patients participating in rehabilitation","volume":"20","author":"Steiner","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.05.008","article-title":"Effects of nutritional supplementation combined with low-intensity exercise in malnourished patients with COPD","volume":"104","author":"Sugawara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respiratory Medicine"},{"key":"#cr-split#-10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0016|cit16.1","unstructured":"Sugawara K Shioya T Satake M Kawagoshi A Takahashi H Kashiwagura T Anti-inflammatory nutritional support enhances exercise performance and QOL in patients with stable COPD. European Respiratory Society Annual Congress, Sept 24-28 2011"},{"key":"#cr-split#-10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0016|cit16.2","unstructured":"Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2011 326s [1893]"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2012.07.001","article-title":"Effect of anti-inflammatory supplementation with whey peptide and exercise therapy in patients with COPD","volume":"106","author":"Sugawara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respiratory Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0018|cit18","unstructured":"Teramoto S Yamamoto H Yamaguchi Y Tomita T Ouchi Y Effects of feeding a high-fat, low-carbohydrate nutritional supplement (Racol R), on lung function, dyspnea, HRQOL in patients with COPD, 2004 www.abstracts2view.com 2004 C22; Poster: 522"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00043309","article-title":"Is INTERdisciplinary COMmunity-based COPD management (INTERCOM) cost-effective?","volume":"35","author":"Hoogendoorn","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.118620","article-title":"Short- and long-term efficacy of a community-based COPD management programme in less advanced COPD: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"65","author":"Wetering","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2009.12.083","article-title":"Efficacy and costs of nutritional rehabilitation in muscle-wasted patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a community-based setting: a prespecified subgroup analysis of the INTERCOM trial","volume":"11","author":"Wetering","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Wetering CR Hoogendoorn M Geraerts-Keeris AJ Broekhuizen R Rutten-van Molken MP Schols AM Effectiveness and costs of nutritional intervention integrated in an INTERdisciplinary COMmunity -based COPD management program (INTERCOM) in patients with less advanced COPD [Abstract] American Thoracic Society International Conference, May 15-20, 2009, San Diego 2009 A5375","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_MeetingAbstracts.A5375"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S2588","article-title":"Systemic impairment in relation to disease burden in patients with moderate COPD eligible for a lifestyle program. Findings from the INTERCOM trial","volume":"3","author":"Wetering","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of COPD"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0024|cit24","first-page":"ii4","article-title":"Tailored dietary advice and food fortification results in weight gain and clinical benefit in malnourished patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"59 (Suppl II)","author":"Weekes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.097352","article-title":"Dietary counselling and food fortification in stable COPD: a randomised trial","volume":"64","author":"Weekes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.4.1038","article-title":"Energy balance in stable malnourished patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"103","author":"Ryan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/142.2.283","article-title":"The effects of refeeding on peripheral and respiratory muscle function in malnourished chronic obstructive disease patients","volume":"142","author":"Whittaker","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(96)90853-9","article-title":"Gastric emptying, pulmonary function, gas exchange and respiratory quotient after feeding a moderate versus high fat enteral formula meal in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients","volume":"12","author":"Akrabawi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-103-6-883","article-title":"Effects of low and high carbohydrate feeding in ambulatory patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic hypercapnia","volume":"103","author":"Angelillo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S7739","article-title":"Fat-free mass change after nutritional rehabilitation in weight losing COPD: role of insulin, C-reactive protein and tissue hypoxia","volume":"5","author":"Baldi","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-277X.2008.00881_12.x","article-title":"The efficacy of dietetic intervention in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"21","author":"Bottle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.030858","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids improve exercise capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"60","author":"Broekhuizen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0033|cit33","first-page":"960","article-title":"Effects of large carbohydrate load on walking performance in chronic air-flow obstruction","volume":"132","author":"Brown","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.6.9704142","article-title":"Administration of growth hormone to underweight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - a prospective randomized controlled study","volume":"156","author":"Burdet","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(02)01064-X","article-title":"Effect of supplementing a high-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral formula in COPD patients","volume":"19","author":"Cai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200305-617OC","article-title":"Effects of testosterone and resistance training in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"170","author":"Casaburi","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0037|cit37","first-page":"A498","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of growth hormone in severe COPD patients undergoing endurance exercise training","volume":"155","author":"Casaburi","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.5.1733","article-title":"A role for anabolic steroids in the rehabilitation of patients with COPD? A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial","volume":"124","author":"Creutzberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0039|cit39","first-page":"25","article-title":"Comprehensive effects of supplemented essential amino acids in patients with severe COPD and sarcopenia","volume":"73","author":"Dal Negro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Monaldi Archives of Chest Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0040|cit40","first-page":"546","article-title":"Body weight alone is not an index of nutritional imbalance in the nature course of chronic obstructive lung disease","volume":"48","author":"Benedetto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1159\/000196119","article-title":"Is loss of body weight in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with emphysema secondary to low tissue oxygenation?","volume":"59","author":"Donahoe","year":"1992","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0042|cit42","first-page":"A313","article-title":"The effect of an aggressive nutritional support regimen on body composition in patients with severe COPD and weight loss","volume":"149","author":"Donahoe","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.5.9154854","article-title":"Role of thermic effect of food in malnutrition of patients with COPD","volume":"155","author":"Dor\u00e9","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.47.6.451","article-title":"Effect of carbohydrate rich versus fat rich loads on gas exchange and walking performance in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease","volume":"47","author":"Efthimiou","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(05)80228-3","article-title":"Glycemic and insulinic postprandial response of subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"14","author":"Eliraz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nutrition Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.94.07101793","article-title":"Nutritional depletion in relation to respiratory and peripheral skeletal muscle function in outpatients with COPD","volume":"7","author":"Engelen","year":"1994","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.1.19","article-title":"The influence of oral anabolic steroids on body mass and respiratory muscles in undernourished COPD patients","volume":"114","author":"Ferreira","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.5.1392","article-title":"Hypophosphatemia and phosphorus depletion in respiratory and peripheral muscles of patients with respiratory failure due to COPD","volume":"105","author":"Fiaccadori","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1159\/000050463","article-title":"Dietary support to underweight patients with end-stage pulmonary disease assessed for lung transplantation","volume":"68","author":"Forli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.3.792","article-title":"Effects of high and low carbohydrate meals on maximum exercise performance in chronic airflow obstruction","volume":"100","author":"Frankfort","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0051|cit51","first-page":"13","article-title":"High caloric nutrition in chronic obstructive lung disease","volume":"83","author":"Ganzoni","year":"1994","journal-title":"Schweizerische Rundschau fur Medizin Praxis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/138.3.636","article-title":"Nitrogen and energy relationship in malnourished patients with emphysema","volume":"138","author":"Goldstein","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.67.3.1048","article-title":"Submaximal exercise in emphysema and malnutrition at two levels of CHO and fat intake","volume":"67","author":"Goldstein","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.91.2.222","article-title":"Energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"91","author":"Goldstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.3.8630580","article-title":"Nutritional status and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"153","author":"Gray-Donald","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0830109","article-title":"Comparisons between basal metabolic rate and diet induced thermogenesis in different types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"83","author":"Green","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clinical Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0057|cit57","first-page":"721s","article-title":"Nutritional intervention versus standard nutritional advice in malnourished COPD patients","volume":"26 Suppl 49","author":"Hoekstra","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"61","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.6_Pt_1.1479","article-title":"Diet induced thermogenesis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"148","author":"Hugli","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0059|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.1.8542132","article-title":"The daily energy expenditure in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"153","author":"Hugli","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0060|cit60","first-page":"551","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplements on the Fischer ratio before and after pulmonary rehabilitation","volume":"15","author":"Kubo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0061|cit61","first-page":"R177","article-title":"Comparison between parenteral and enteral feeding during acute decompensation of COPD","volume":"6","author":"Laaban","year":"1989","journal-title":"Revue des Maladies Respiratoires"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.5.1362","article-title":"Nutritional status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure","volume":"103","author":"Laaban","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0063|cit63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/0261-5614(94)90067-1","article-title":"Biochemical assessment of nutritional status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure on admission to an intensive care unit","volume":"13","author":"Bricon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0064|cit64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00150.2007","article-title":"Skeletal muscle adaptations to testosterone and resistance training in men with COPD","volume":"103","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0065|cit65","first-page":"512-5, 528","article-title":"Short-term nutritional support in treating COPD and respiratory insufficiency with severely malnutrition","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0066|cit66","first-page":"180","article-title":"The clinical study on total parenteral nutrition support in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0067|cit67","first-page":"A117","article-title":"Can I.V. fructose-1.6-diphosphate (FDP) administration be useful in COPD patients with signs of malnutrition?","volume":"161","author":"Marchesani","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"Suppl 19","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0068|cit68","first-page":"522S","article-title":"Nutritional and metabolic effects of growth hormone administration in underweight COPD patients","volume":"8","author":"Martucci","year":"1995","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0069|cit69","first-page":"1548","article-title":"Bone mineral loss in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"31","author":"Nishimura","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Thoracic Diseases)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0070|cit70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.83.1.17","article-title":"Nutritional status and lung function in patients with emphysema and chronic bronchitis","volume":"83","author":"Openbrier","year":"1983","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"Suppl 10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0071|cit71","first-page":"412s","article-title":"Additional nutritional diet in the treatment of chronic respiratory failure: personal data [abstract]","volume":"3","author":"Orlandi","year":"1990","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0072|cit72","first-page":"223","article-title":"The use of skinfold and muscle circumference of the upper arm in the diagnosis of protein energy malnutrition in adults patients: a critical study","volume":"47","author":"Paiva","year":"1992","journal-title":"Revista do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.6.928","article-title":"Assessment of vitamin A status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and healthy smokers","volume":"64","author":"Paiva","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0074|cit74","first-page":"543","article-title":"Nutritional status and exercise performance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"48","author":"Palange","year":"1993","journal-title":"Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.99.6.1495","article-title":"The effects of growth hormone on weight gain and pulmonary function in patients with COPD","volume":"99","author":"Pape","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0761-8425(04)71362-5","article-title":"Effects of home pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic respiratory failure and nutritional depletion","volume":"21","author":"Pison","year":"2004","journal-title":"Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0077|cit77","unstructured":"Pison C Pichard C Costes F Caron F Cherion C Court-Fortune I Home care combining oral nutritional supplement exercise and androgen substitution in malnourished patients with chronic respiratory failure: a prospective controlled randomized multicenter trial. European Respiratory Society Annual Congress, Oct 4-8, 2008; Berlin, Germany 2008 E2808"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0078|cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.154922","article-title":"Multimodal nutritional rehabilitation improves clinical outcomes of malnourished patients with chronic respiratory failure: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"66","author":"Pison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0079|cit79","first-page":"7","article-title":"Fat-rich diets in patients with mild chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD)","volume":"10","author":"Planas","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nutricion Hospitalaria"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2005.01.005","article-title":"Nutritional support and quality of life in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients","volume":"24","author":"Planas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0081|cit81","first-page":"466","article-title":"Observation on therapeutic effect of megestrol acetate on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at remission stage","volume":"65","author":"Qin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0082|cit82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90080-9","article-title":"Anthropometric and pulmonary function test profile of outpatients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"94","author":"Sahebjami","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.3.9612102","article-title":"Impact of nutritional support on functional status during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"156","author":"Saudny-Unterberger","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0084|cit84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/54.6.983","article-title":"Resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"54","author":"Schols","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0085|cit85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/53.2.421","article-title":"Body composition by bioelectrical-impedance analysis compared with deuterium dilution and skinfold anthropometry in patients with COPD","volume":"53","author":"Schols","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0086|cit86","first-page":"546","article-title":"Plasma amino acid levels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"48","author":"Schols","year":"1993","journal-title":"Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0087|cit87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(97)90071-8","article-title":"Body mass index and mortality in patients with severe alpha 1-antitripsin deficiency","volume":"91","author":"Seersholm","year":"1997","journal-title":"Respiratory Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0088|cit88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma S Arneja A McLean L Duerksen D Leslie W Sciberras D Anabolic steroids in COPD: a review and preliminary results of a randomized trial Chronic Respiratory Disease 2008 169 76","DOI":"10.1177\/1479972308092350"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0089|cit89","first-page":"A649","article-title":"Effects of anabolic steroids on patients with severe COPD undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation","volume":"163","author":"Sharma","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0090|cit90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2001.1278","article-title":"Individual dietary intervention in patients with COPD during multidisciplinary rehabilitation","volume":"96","author":"Slinde","year":"2002","journal-title":"Respiratory Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0091|cit91","first-page":"819","article-title":"Clinical observation on short term nutritional support in the treatment of advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"32","author":"Song","year":"1993","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi (Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0092|cit92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.94.07040720","article-title":"An outpatient nutritional supplementation programme in COPD patients","volume":"7","author":"Sridhar","year":"1994","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0093|cit93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.49.8.781","article-title":"Resting energy expenditure and nutritional state of patients with increase oxygen cost of breathing due to emphysema, scoliosis and thoracoplasty","volume":"49","author":"Sridhar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0094|cit94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2001.00295.x","article-title":"Enteral feeding in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients","volume":"6","author":"Tanchoco","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0095|cit95","first-page":"1225","article-title":"Patients with chronic airflow limitation: effects of the inspiratory muscle training with threshold load valve, built with appropriate technology, associated to nutritional support [Spanish]","volume":"123","author":"Vargas","year":"1995","journal-title":"Revista m\u00e9dica de Chile"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0096|cit96","unstructured":"Vermeeren M Baarends EM Nelissen LH van Lier A Wouters E Schols A mmediate postprandial effects of a nutritional supplement on symptoms and exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) European Respiratory Society Annual Congress; Oct 9-13, 1999; Madrid, Spain 1999 P2533"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0097|cit97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.03.008","article-title":"Nutritional support in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during hospitalization for an acute exacerbation: a randomized controlled feasibility trial","volume":"23","author":"Vermeeren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0098|cit98","unstructured":"Whitsel LP Nutritional supplementation and exercise rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [dissertation] Syracuse University 1998"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0099|cit99","first-page":"672","article-title":"Nutritional Intervention in malnourished patients with emphysema","volume":"134","author":"Wilson","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0100|cit100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/139.6.1435","article-title":"Body weight in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - The National Institutes of Health Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing Trial","volume":"139","author":"Wilson","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0101|cit101","first-page":"55","article-title":"Research of nutritional support in COPD patients","volume":"8","author":"Xiao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0102|cit102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.2.421","article-title":"Reversal of COPD-associated weight loss using the anabolic agent oxandrolone","volume":"122","author":"Yeh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0103|cit103","first-page":"953","article-title":"Analysis of body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and its relation to pulmonary function in patients with pulmonary emphysema","volume":"34","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Thoracic Diseases)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0104|cit104","first-page":"295","article-title":"Nutritional therapy of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"18","author":"Zhu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Practical Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"Suppl 31","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0105|cit105","first-page":"55s","article-title":"Food and antacids do not affect the systemic availability of SB-207499","volume":"16","author":"Zussman","year":"2000","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0106|cit106","first-page":"29","article-title":"Is nutritional support useful in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?","volume":"3","author":"Entrenas","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neumosur"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0107|cit107","first-page":"A79","article-title":"The effect of fat-based nutritional support on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Japan - a randomized controlled study","volume":"163","author":"Fukuoka","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0108|cit108","first-page":"A3972","article-title":"The effects of nutritional supplementation added to pulmonary rehabilitation in muscle wasted chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised, controlled, prospective study","volume":"183","author":"Gurgun","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0109|cit109","unstructured":"Houchen L Menon M Harrison S Sandland C Morgan M Singh S Does protein supplementation enhance the effects of resistance training in patients with COPD? European Respiratory Society Annual Congress; 2011 Sept 24-28; Amsterdam 2011 325s"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0110|cit110","first-page":"1260","article-title":"Nutritional supplementation and respiratory gym in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Zhongguo Linchuang Kangfu"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0111|cit111","unstructured":"Pilot study Ongoing study"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0112|cit112","first-page":"311","article-title":"Nutrition and the pulmonary patient","volume-title":"Pulmonary Rehabilitation Guidelines to Success","author":"Angelillo","year":"1993"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0113|cit113","first-page":"5","article-title":"Respiratory muscle strength and maximal voluntary ventilation in undernourished patients","volume":"126","author":"Arora","year":"1982","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0114|cit114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence","volume":"64","author":"Balshem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0115|cit115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2006000400006","article-title":"L-carnitine as an ergogenic aid for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease submitted to whole-body and respiratory muscle training programs","volume":"39","author":"Borghi-Silva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0116|cit116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021322","article-title":"The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"350","author":"Celli","year":"2004","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0117|cit117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.023499","article-title":"Nutritional support in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Collins","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0118|cit118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.2.8564110","article-title":"Elevated TNF-alpha production by peripheral blood monocytes of weight-losing COPD patients","volume":"153","author":"Godoy","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0119|cit119","unstructured":"Deeks JJ Higgins JPT Altman DG Chapter 9: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0120|cit120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.5.7952575","article-title":"Tumor necrosis alpha levels and weight loss in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"150","author":"Francia","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0121|cit121","first-page":"47","article-title":"Nutrition in end stage pulmonary disease","volume":"50","author":"Donahoe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0122|cit122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.2.353","article-title":"Nutritional intervention in COPD","volume":"119","author":"Ferreira","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0123|cit123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-3840-2_8","article-title":"A preliminary report on the effects of malnutrition on the skeletal muscle composition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume-title":"Nutrition and Ventilatory function. Currents Topics in Rehabilitation","author":"Fiaccadori","year":"1992"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0124|cit124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.030452","article-title":"Creatine supplementation during pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"60","author":"Fuld","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0125|cit125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.019588","article-title":"Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic inflammation: a systematic review and a meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Gan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0126|cit126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.07.028","article-title":"Exercise and the inflammatory response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - does training confer anti-inflammatory properties in COPD?","volume":"68","author":"Garrod","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medical Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0127|cit127","unstructured":"GOLD Science Committee Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), 2011. www.goldcopd.org\/ (accessed 24 October 2012)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0128|cit128","first-page":"A:498","article-title":"Tissue depletion in relation to physical function and quality of life in patients with severe COPD","volume":"155","author":"Goris","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0129|cit129","unstructured":"Higgins JPT Green S (editors) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0130|cit130","unstructured":"Higgins JPT Deeks JJ (editors) Chapter 7: Selecting studies and collecting data. Higgins JPT, Green S (editors), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011]. 2011 Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0131|cit131","unstructured":"Higgins JPT Deeks JJ Altman DG Chapter 16: Special topics in statistics. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0132|cit132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.10.017","article-title":"Updating the minimal important difference for six-minute walk distance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"91","author":"Holland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0133|cit133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4","article-title":"Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials - is blinding necessary?","volume":"17","author":"Jadad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Controlled Clinical Trials"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0134|cit134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00113809","article-title":"Impact of dietary shift to higher-antioxidant foods in COPD: a randomised trial","volume":"36","author":"Keranis","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0135|cit135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"King DA Cordova F Scharf SM Nutritional aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 2008 519 23","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200707-092ET"},{"issue":"9035","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0136|cit136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)04201-8","article-title":"Meta-analysis of respiratory rehabilitation in chronic obstructive disease","volume":"348","author":"Lacasse","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0137|cit137","first-page":"475","article-title":"Meta-analysis of respiratory rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A Cochrane systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Lacasse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Europa Medicophysica"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0138|cit138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2009.0142","article-title":"Combined effect of dietary supplementation with pressurized whey and exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot study","volume":"13","author":"Laviolette","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Food"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0139|cit139","first-page":"157","article-title":"Nutrition and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - a clinical overview","volume-title":"Pulmonary Rehabilitation - The Obstructive and Paralytic Condition","author":"Lewis","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0140|cit140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2107031","article-title":"Midthigh muscle cross-sectional area is a better predictor of mortality than body mass index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"166","author":"Marquis","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0141|cit141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200508-1211ST","article-title":"American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society statement on pulmonary rehabilitation","volume":"173","author":"Nici","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"9095","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0142|cit142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)08461-4","article-title":"Overcoming the limitations of current meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"351","author":"Pogue","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0143|cit143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.5.1163","article-title":"Spirometry and dyspnea in patients with COPD - when small differences mean little","volume":"109","author":"Redelmeier","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0144|cit144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.4.9105067","article-title":"Interpreting small differences in functional status: the six minute walk test in chronic lung disease patients","volume":"155","author":"Redelmeier","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0145|cit145","unstructured":"The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager (RevMan) 2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0146|cit146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1006257","article-title":"Nutritional depletion","volume":"13","author":"Rochester","year":"1992","journal-title":"Seminars in Respiratory Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0147|cit147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198702193160806","article-title":"Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"316","author":"Sacks","year":"1987","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0148|cit148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/147.5.1151","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of nutritional depletion in patients with stable COPD eligible for pulmonary rehabilitation","volume":"147","author":"Schols","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0149|cit149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.51.8.819","article-title":"Evidence for a relation between metabolic derangements and increased levels of inflammatory mediators in a subgroup of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"51","author":"Schols","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0150|cit150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.6.9705017","article-title":"Weight loss is a reversible factor in the prognosis of chronic obstructive disease","volume":"157","author":"Schols","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0151|cit151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.1.53","article-title":"Body composition and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"82","author":"Schols","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0152|cit152","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann H Bro\u017cek J Oxman A (editors) GRADE handbook for grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendation. Version 3.2 [updated March 2009]. The GRADE Working Group, 2009 Available from www.cc-ims.net\/gradepro"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0153|cit153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00114709","article-title":"The relationship of dietary patterns with adult lung function and COPD","volume":"36","author":"Shaheen","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0154|cit154","unstructured":"Sugawara K Shioya T Satake M Kawagoshi A Takahashi H Kashiwagura T Anti-inflammatory nutritional support enhances exercise performance and QOL in patients with stable COPD European Respiratory Society Annual Congress, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Sept 24-28 2011 326s [1893]"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0155|cit155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00112909","article-title":"Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on muscle remodeling in cachectic patients with COPD","volume":"36","author":"Vogiatzis","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0156|cit156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00074807","article-title":"Possible mechanisms underlying the development of cachexia in COPD","volume":"31","author":"Wagner","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0157|cit157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.4.1070","article-title":"Megestrol acetate stimulates weight gain and ventilation in underweight COPD patients","volume":"121","author":"Weisberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0158|cit158","first-page":"107","article-title":"Meta-analysis of energetic nutritional intervention for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients","volume":"31","author":"Zhu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi (Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0159|cit159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.3.672","article-title":"Nutritional support for individuals with COPD - a meta-analysis","volume":"117","author":"Ferreira","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0160|cit160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub2","article-title":"Nutritional supplementation in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","author":"Ferreira","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0161|cit161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub2","article-title":"Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","author":"Ferreira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3-BIB0162|cit162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub2","article-title":"Nutritional supplementation for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","author":"Ferreira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,19]],"date-time":"2025-01-19T19:03:41Z","timestamp":1737313421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD000998.pub3"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Airways Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,12]]},"references-count":163,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd000998.pub3","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.717969423.793469003","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.717969423.793470345","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,12]]}}}