{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T07:21:58Z","timestamp":1769930518197,"version":"3.49.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd001310","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,18]],"date-time":"2007-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1184716800000}}],"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd001310.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,3]],"date-time":"2007-07-03T10:37:15Z","timestamp":1183459035000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Electrical stimulation for faecal incontinence in adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2009","author":[{"given":"Gordon","family":"Hosker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St Mary's Hospital; The Warrell Unit; Hathersage Road Manchester UK M13 OJH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"June D","family":"Cody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aberdeen; Cochrane Incontinence Review Group; 1st Floor Health Sciences Building Foresterhill Aberdeen UK AB25 2ZD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine C","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Mark's Hospital; Physiology Unit; Northwick Park Watford Road Harrow Middlesex UK HA1 3UJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753-8; discussi","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02236930","article-title":"A prospective, randomized study comparing the effect of augmented biofeedback with sensory biofeedback alone on fecal incontinence after obstetric trauma","volume":"42","author":"Fynes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diseases of the Colon and Rectum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.07.006","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of intra-anal electromyographic biofeedback physiotherapy with intra-anal electromyographic biofeedback augmented with electrical stimulation of the anal sphincter in the early treatment of postpartum fecal incontinence","volume":"191","author":"Mahony","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-005-0251-1","article-title":"Randomized, controlled trial of anal electrical stimulation for fecal incontinence","volume":"49","author":"Norton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diseases of the Colon & Rectum"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4577","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial comparing conservative and surgical treatment of neurogenic faecal incontinence","volume":"91","author":"Osterberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"British Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","first-page":"756","article-title":"Intermittent electrical stimulation of the gracilis neosphincter","volume":"78","author":"George","year":"1991","journal-title":"British Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","first-page":"224","article-title":"Effect of electrostimulation on sphincter function in fecal incontinence","volume":"123","author":"Sprakel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","first-page":"976","article-title":"[Passive electrostimulation therapy of the anal sphincter is inferior to active biofeedback training]. [German]","volume":"115","author":"Surh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Langenbecks Archiv fur Chirurgie - Supplement - Kongressband"},{"issue":"8776","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92031-V","article-title":"Development of an electrically stimulated neoanal sphincter","volume":"338","author":"Williams","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","unstructured":"A study to determine the effects of neuro-stimulation on anal sphincter function when used in conjunction with biofeedback and pelvic floor exercises in the treatment of faecal incontinence Ongoing study January 2000."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002116","article-title":"Drug treatment for faecal incontinence in adults","author":"Cheetham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02617351","article-title":"Electromyography in the managment of the incompetent anal sphincter","volume":"10","author":"Haskell","year":"1967","journal-title":"Disease of the Colon and Rectum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women","author":"Hay-Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","first-page":"991","article-title":"Biofeedback training and functional electrostimulation for improving incontinence in children with anal atresia","volume":"Supplement II","author":"Herold","year":"1989","journal-title":"Langenbecks Archiv f\u00fcr Chirurgie. Supplement II, Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Chirurgie. Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Chirurgie. Kongress"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","unstructured":"Higgins JPT Green S Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 4.2.5 [updated May 2005] The Cochrane Library Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","first-page":"528","article-title":"Early changes in fiber profile and capillary density in long-term stimulated muscles","volume":"243","author":"Hudlicka","year":"1982","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","first-page":"33","article-title":"Epidemiology of faecal incontinence: the silent affliction","volume":"91","author":"Johanson","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199501000-00005","article-title":"Dynamic graciloplasty for restoration of continence after traumatic destruction of the rectum and sphincters: report of a case","volume":"38","author":"Konsten","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-3715-3","volume-title":"Therapeutic management of incontience and pelvic pain","author":"Laycock","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","first-page":"1565","article-title":"Surgery for fecal incontinence","volume-title":"Incontinence: 3rd International Consultation on Incontinence","author":"Madoff","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","volume-title":"Bowel Continence Nursing","author":"Norton","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","first-page":"1521","article-title":"Conservative and pharmacological management of faecal incontinence in adults","volume-title":"Incontinence","author":"Norton","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002111.pub2","article-title":"Biofeedback and\/or sphincter exercises for the treatment of faecal incontinence in adults","author":"Norton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.4.480","article-title":"The prevalence of faecal incontinence in adults aged 40 years or more living in the community","volume":"50","author":"Perry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","volume-title":"Bowel care in older people","author":"Potter","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02237236","article-title":"Patient and surgeon ranking of the severity of symptoms associated with fecal incontinence: the fecal incontinence severity index","volume":"43","author":"Rockwood","year":"2000","journal-title":"Disease of the Colon and Rectum"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02237236","article-title":"Fecal incontinence quality of life scale","volume":"43","author":"Rockwood","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diseases of the Colon and Rectum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1969.sp008771","article-title":"The influence of activity on some contractile characteristics of mammalian fast and slow muscles","volume":"201","author":"Salmons","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.01931.x","article-title":"Review article: recent trends in diagnosis and treatment of faecal incontinence","volume":"19","author":"Tuteja","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacol Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288809164105","article-title":"The Barthel ADL Index: a standard measure of physical disability","volume":"10","author":"Wade","year":"1988","journal-title":"International Disabilities Studies"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","volume-title":"SF-36 Health Survey Manual and Interpretation Guide","author":"Ware","year":"1993"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197703312961304","article-title":"Foundations of cost-effectiveness analysis for health and medical practices","volume":"296","author":"Weinstein","year":"1977","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02234835","article-title":"Treatment options for fecal incontinence: consensus conference report","volume":"44","author":"Whitehead","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diseases of the Colon and Rectum"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","first-page":"5","article-title":"Adult conservative management","volume-title":"Incontinence: 3rd International Consultation on Incontinence","author":"Wilson","year":"2005"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T07:16:34Z","timestamp":1767770194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD001310.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Incontinence Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,18]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd001310.pub2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,18]]}}}