{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T15:59:27Z","timestamp":1770220767482,"version":"3.49.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd001769.pub2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461801600000}}],"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd001769.pub3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T13:48:34Z","timestamp":1461851314000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Phenytoin versus valproate monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic seizures: an individual participant data review"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Sarah J","family":"Nevitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool; Department of Biostatistics; Block F, Waterhouse Building 1-5 Brownlow Hill Liverpool UK L69 3GL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony G","family":"Marson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology; Clinical Sciences Centre for Research and Education, Lower Lane Fazakerley Liverpool Merseyside UK L9 7LJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Weston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool; Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology; Clinical Sciences Centre for Research and Education, Lower Lane Fazakerley Liverpool Merseyside UK L9 7LJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catrin","family":"Tudur Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool; Department of Biostatistics; Block F, Waterhouse Building 1-5 Brownlow Hill Liverpool UK L69 3GL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.48.7.639","article-title":"A prospective study between carbamazepine, phenytoin and sodium valproate as monotherapy in previously untreated and recently diagnosed patients with epilepsy","volume":"48","author":"Callaghan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02448.x","article-title":"Impact of valproate and phenytoin on cognitive function in elderly patients: results of a single-blind randomized comparative study","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"1994","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0003|cit3","first-page":"42","article-title":"Randomised 36-month comparative study of valproic acid, phenytoin, phenobarbital and carbamazepine efficacy in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy with partial complex seizures","volume":"38","author":"Czapinski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90074-4","article-title":"Randomised comparative monotherapy trial of phenobarbitone, phenytoin, carbamazepine, or sodium valproate for newly diagnosed childhood epilepsy","volume":"347","author":"Silva","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1991.tb14917.x","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in new cases of epilepsy randomly assigned to carbamazepine, phenytoin and sodium valproate","volume":"33","author":"Forsythe","year":"1991","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.58.1.44","article-title":"Phenobarbitone, phenytoin, carbamazepine, or sodium valproate for newly diagnosed adult epilepsy: a randomised comparative monotherapy trial","volume":"58","author":"Heller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6974(05)80021-0","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of valproic acid versus phenytoin as sole therapy for newly diagnosed primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures","volume":"5","author":"Ramsay","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Epilepsy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0008|cit8","first-page":"606","article-title":"Comparison of sodium valproate and phenytoin as single drug treatment in generalised and partial epilepsy","volume":"39","author":"Rastogi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the Association of Physicians of India"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1981.tb04330.x","article-title":"Comparison of sodium valproate and phenytoin as single drug treatment in epilepsy","volume":"22","author":"Shakir","year":"1981","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0010|cit10","first-page":"549","article-title":"Comparison of phenobarbitone, phenytoin with sodium valproate: randomized, double-blind study","volume":"33","author":"Thilothammal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Indian Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.290.6471.815","article-title":"Which drug for the adult epileptic patient: phenytoin or valproate?","volume":"290","author":"Turnbull","year":"1985","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1993.tb11616.x","article-title":"Psychiatric aspects of epilepsy in childhood treated with carbamazepine, phenytoin or sodium valproate: a random trial","volume":"35","author":"Berg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0013|cit13","first-page":"194","article-title":"A comparison between carbamazepine, phenytoin and sodium valproate as single drug treatment in epilepsy [abstract]","volume":"150","author":"Callaghan","year":"1981","journal-title":"Irish Journal of Medical Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0014|cit14","first-page":"7","article-title":"A comparative study between carbamazepine, phenytoin and sodium valproate as monotherapy in previously untreated and recently diagnosed patients with epilepsy: a preliminary communication","volume":"27","author":"Callaghan","year":"1983","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0015|cit15","first-page":"154","article-title":"A comparative study of carbamazepine, sodium valproate and phenytoin as monotherapy in epilepsy: an updated report [abstract]","volume":"153","author":"Callaghan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Irish Journal of Medical Science"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/22.suppl_2.P10-a","article-title":"The impact of sodium valproate and phenytoin on cognitive function in elderly patients: results of a single-blind comparative study","volume":"22","author":"Craig","year":"1993","journal-title":"Age and ageing"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0017|cit17","first-page":"S95","article-title":"Comparative study of valproic acid (VPA), phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB) and carbamazepine (CBZ) in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy with partial complex seizures [abstract]","volume":"244","author":"Czapinski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(97)85646-8","article-title":"Randomized 36-month comparative study of valproic acid (VPA), phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB) and carbamazepine (CBZ) efficacy in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy with partial complex seizures","volume":"150","author":"Czapinski","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0019|cit19","first-page":"154","article-title":"A re-appraisal by control and seizure type of serum levels in previously untreated patients taking part in a prospective study comparing sodium valproate, phenytoin and carbamazepine as mono-therapy in epilepsy [abstract]","volume":"153","author":"Goggin","year":"1984","journal-title":"Irish Journal of Medical Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0020|cit20","first-page":"150","article-title":"Serum levels of sodium valproate, phenytoin and carbamazepine and seizure control in epilepsy","volume":"79","author":"Goggin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Irish Medical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00144.x","article-title":"A multicenter randomized controlled trial on the clinical impact of therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy. The Italian TDM Study Group in Epilepsy","volume":"41","author":"Jannuzzi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2003.08.033","article-title":"Lamotrigine monotherapy compared with carbamazepine, phenytoin, or valproate monotherapy in patients with epilepsy","volume":"4","author":"Kaminow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsy and Behaviour"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1995.tb00461.x","article-title":"Cognitive function and anticonvulsant therapy: effect of monotherapy in epilepsy","volume":"92","author":"Sabers","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2007.02.011","article-title":"How reliable is early treatment response in predicting long-term seizure outcome?","volume":"10","author":"Schmidt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsy and Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0025|cit25","first-page":"7","article-title":"Sodium valproate, phenytoin and carbamazepine as sole anticonvulsants","volume":"30","author":"Shakir","year":"1980","journal-title":"Royal Society of Medicine International Congress and Symposium"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/23.suppl_2.P5-c","article-title":"Multicentre comparative trial of sodium valproate and phenytoin in elderly patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy","volume":"23","author":"Tallis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Age and ageing"},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0027|cit27","first-page":"62","article-title":"Multicenter comparative trial of valproate and phenytoin","volume":"35","author":"Tallis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.45.1.55","article-title":"A comparison of phenytoin and valproate in previously untreated adult epileptic patients","volume":"45","author":"Turnbull","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1474","article-title":"Comparison of valproic acid and phenytoin in newly diagnosed tonic-clonic seizures","volume":"33","author":"Wilder","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2009.12.014","article-title":"Adverse effects of carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproate and lamotrigine monotherapy in epileptic adult Chinese patients","volume":"112","author":"Zeng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00748.x","article-title":"The incidence of epilepsy and unprovoked seizures in multiethnic, urban health maintenance organizations","volume":"40","author":"Annegers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1988.tb04407.x","article-title":"Interobserver variability in the ILAE classification of seizures in childhood","volume":"29","author":"Bodensteiner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1987.tb05769.x","article-title":"Monotherapy with valproate in primary generalized epilepsies","volume":"28","author":"Bourgeois","year":"1987","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-393X(00)88522-7","article-title":"Pilot study of divalproex sodium valproate versus valproic acid: drug acquisition costs versus all related costs","volume":"60","author":"Brasfield","year":"1999","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304270","article-title":"The prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children prenatally exposed to antiepileptic drugs","volume":"84","author":"Bromley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00851.x","article-title":"Malformations in offspring of women with epilepsy: A prospective study","volume":"40","author":"Canger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1992.tb02330.x","article-title":"Phenytoin-folate interactions: differing effects of the sodium salt and the free acid of phenytoin","volume":"33","author":"Carl","year":"1992","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1994.tb05980.x","article-title":"Valproate in the treatment of partial epilepsies","volume":"35","author":"Chadwick","year":"1994","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"8968","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91208-8","article-title":"Remission of epilepsy: results from the National General Practice Study of Epilepsy","volume":"346","author":"Cockerell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1981.tb06159.x","article-title":"Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures","volume":"22","author":"Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy","year":"1981","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05316.x","article-title":"Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes","volume":"30","author":"Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01167.x","article-title":"Considerations on designing clinical trials to evaluate the place of new antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of newly diagnosed and chronic patients with epilepsy","volume":"39","author":"ILAE Commission on Antiepileptic Drugs","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/54.15.1716","article-title":"Clinical and economic impact of replacing divalproex sodium with valproic acid","volume":"54","author":"Cranor","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.3.285","article-title":"Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy of Janz","volume":"34","author":"Delgado-Escueta","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0045|cit45","first-page":"65","article-title":"Weight gain during treatment with valproate","volume":"69","author":"Dinesen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S1059-1311(97)80065-9","article-title":"Weight gain with valproate or carbamazepine-a reappraisal","volume":"6","author":"Easter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"6291","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.283.6291.577","article-title":"Effects of sodium valproate in 100 children with special reference to weight","volume":"283","author":"Egger","year":"1981","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-6238(92)90181-R","article-title":"Course of pregnancy and fetal outcome following maternal exposure to carbamazepine and phenytoin: a prospective study","volume":"6","author":"Gladstone","year":"1992","journal-title":"Reproductive Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02586.x","article-title":"Incidence of epilepsy and unprovoked seizures in Rochester, Minnesota 1935 - 1984","volume":"34","author":"Hauser","year":"1993","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0051|cit51","unstructured":"Higgins JPT Green S (editors) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000252807.38124.a3","article-title":"How common are the \"common\" neurologic disorders?","volume":"68","author":"Hirtz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00585.x","article-title":"ILAE treatment guidelines:Evidence based analysis of antiepileptic drug efficacy and effectiveness as initial monotherapy for epileptic seizures and syndromes","volume":"47","author":"Glauser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0054|cit54","first-page":"542","article-title":"Choice of drug therapy in epilepsy","volume":"219","author":"Jeavons","year":"1977","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"issue":"7048","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7048.36","article-title":"Trials to assess equivalence: the importance of rigorous methods","volume":"313","author":"Jones","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1983.tb04893.x","article-title":"Natural history of epileptic seizures","volume":"24","author":"Juul-Jenson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c365","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c365","article-title":"The impact of outcome reporting bias in randomised controlled trials on a cohort of systematic reviews","volume":"340","author":"Kirkham","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002033420503","article-title":"Early identification of refractory epilepsy","volume":"342","author":"Kwan","year":"2000","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0059|cit59","unstructured":"Lefebvre C Manheimer E Glanville J Chapter 6: Searching for studies. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02549.x","article-title":"Absence seizures and carbamazepine in adults","volume":"35","author":"Liporace","year":"1994","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200012)48:6<833::AID-ANA3>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Factors predicting prognosis of epilepsy after presentation with seizures","volume":"48","author":"MacDonald","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annals of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0062|cit62","volume-title":"Idiopathic Generalised Epilepsies: Clinical, Experimental and Genetic Aspects","author":"Malafosse","year":"1994"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0063|cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001030","article-title":"Carbamazepine versus valproate monotherapy for epilepsy","author":"Marson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"9566","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0064|cit64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60460-7","article-title":"The SANAD study of effectiveness of carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, or topiramate for treatment of partial epilepsy: an unblinded randomised controlled trial","volume":"369","author":"Marson","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0065|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198507183130303","article-title":"Comparison of carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and primidone in partial and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures","volume":"313","author":"Mattson","year":"1985","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0066|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2008.04.022","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in women with epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published pregnancy registries and cohorts","volume":"81","author":"Meador","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsy Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.074203","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in women with epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published pregnancy registries and cohorts","volume":"77","author":"Morrow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neuropsychiatry\u00a0"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0068|cit68","unstructured":"Murray CJL Lopez AD Global comparative assessments in the health sector World Health Organization 1994."},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02481.x","article-title":"Estimation of the burden of active and life-time epilepsy: a meta-analytic approach","volume":"51","author":"Ngugi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0070|cit70","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence The epilepsies: the diagnosis and management of the epilepsies in adults and children in primary and secondary care London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 2012; Clinical Guidance 137"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0071|cit71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389901400802","article-title":"Risk of excessive weight gain in epileptic children treated with valproate","volume":"14","author":"Novak","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Child Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19970110)68:1<18::AID-AJMG4>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Findings in children exposed in utero to phenytoin and carbamazepine monotherapy: independent effects of epilepsy and medications","volume":"68","author":"Nulman","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70172-1","article-title":"Incidence of unprovoked seizures and epilepsy in Iceland and assessment of the epilepsy syndrome classification: a prospective study","volume":"4","author":"Olafsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2009.02.014","article-title":"Valproic acid in pregnancy: How much are we endangering the embryo and fetus?","volume":"28","author":"Ornoy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reproductive Toxicology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.12.2526","article-title":"Reliability of seizure classification using a semistructured interview","volume":"43","author":"Ottman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19981230)17:24<2815::AID-SIM110>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Extracting summary statistics to perform meta-analysis of the published literature for survival endpoints","volume":"17","author":"Parmar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05833.x","article-title":"Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: long term response to therapy","volume":"30","author":"Penry","year":"1989","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0078|cit78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.61.5.433","article-title":"Epidemiology of the epilepsies","volume":"61","author":"Sander","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0079|cit79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.455005.x","article-title":"The use of anti-epileptic drugs - principles and practice","volume":"45","author":"Sander","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.5070\/D32197W4T4","article-title":"Phenytoin in cutaneous medicine: Its uses, mechanisms and side effects","volume":"9","author":"Scheinfeld","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatology Online Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0081|cit81","unstructured":"StataCorp Stata Statistical Software: Release 11 2009"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0082|cit82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70107-7","article-title":"Dose-dependent risk of malformation with antiepileptic drugs: An analysis of data from the EURAP epilepsy and pregnancy registry","volume":"10","author":"Tomson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1975.tb04761.x","article-title":"Paradoxical intoxication - a complication of anticonvulsant administration","volume":"16","author":"Troupin","year":"1975","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0084|cit84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-8-34","article-title":"Multiple treatment comparisons in epilepsy monotherapy trials","volume":"5","author":"Tudur Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0085|cit85","first-page":"27","article-title":"Progressive encephalopathy due to chronic hydantoin intoxication","volume":"128","author":"Vallarta","year":"1974","journal-title":"American Journal of Diseases of Children"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0086|cit86","unstructured":"Wallace H Shorvon SD Hopkins A O'Donoghue M National Society of Epilepsy Guidelines London: Royal College of Physicians 1997"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0087|cit87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.6.808","article-title":"Gastrointestinal tolerance of divalproex sodium","volume":"33","author":"Wilder","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0088|cit88","first-page":"339","article-title":"Phenytoin: clinical use","volume-title":"Antiepileptic Drugs","author":"Wilder","year":"1995"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0089|cit89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3337","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1303","article-title":"Aggregate data meta-analysis with time-to-event outcomes","volume":"21","author":"Williamson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0090|cit90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769","article-title":"Phenytoin versus valproate monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalised onset tonic-clonic seizures","author":"Nolan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0091|cit91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769","article-title":"Phenytoin vs sodium valproate monotherapy for epilepsy","author":"Tudur","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3-BIB0092|cit92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769","article-title":"Phenytoin versus valproate monotherapy for partial onset seizures and generalized onset tonic-clonic seizures","author":"Tudur Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd001769.pub4","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,9]],"date-time":"2018-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533772800000}}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T00:51:54Z","timestamp":1655599914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub3"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Epilepsy Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]]},"references-count":92,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd001769.pub3","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001769.pub4","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]]}}}