{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:03:07Z","timestamp":1790200987063,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd001836.pub3","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579478400000}}],"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd001836.pub4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T21:11:16Z","timestamp":1579900276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Dressings and topical agents for arterial leg ulcers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Cathryn","family":"Broderick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh; Usher Institute; Teviot Place Edinburgh UK EH8 9AG"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fania","family":"Pagnamenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Forster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh; Usher Institute; Teviot Place Edinburgh UK EH8 9AG"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0001|cit1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Ketanserin promotes wound healing: clinical and preclinical results","volume":"365","author":"Rooman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Progress in Clinical and Biological Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0002|cit2","first-page":"303","article-title":"Concentrated growth factors (CGF) for the treatment of vascular non-healing ulcers: preliminary data of a randomized multicenter prospective study","volume":"23","author":"Santoro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vascular Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1177\/000331977602700305","article-title":"Use of an aqueous triple iodine solution in the treatment of chronic leg ulcers and gangrene","volume":"27","author":"Altman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0004|cit4","unstructured":"Armstrong SH Brown DA Hill E Ruckley CV Pucheault M Hofman DA A randomized comparative clinical trial of a new hydrofibre dressing versus an alginate dressing in the treatment of exuding leg ulcer 5th European Conference on Advances in Wound Management; 1995, 21-24 November; Harrogate (UK) 1996 197 8"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.1997.6.7.322","article-title":"Use of a fibrous dressing in exuding leg ulcers","volume":"6","author":"Armstrong","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Wound Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12238","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of treating vascular leg ulcers with UrgoStart\u00ae and UrgoCell\u00ae contact","volume":"13","author":"Augustin","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Wound Journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.1998.7.7.327","article-title":"Costs of dressings in the community","volume":"7","author":"Bale","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Wound Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.1997.6.6.266","article-title":"Evaluation of a new polyurethane foam dressing","volume":"6","author":"Banks","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Wound Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1159\/000371876","article-title":"L-Tryptophan as a novel potential pharmacological treatment for wound healing via aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation","volume":"230","author":"Barouti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0010|cit10","first-page":"133","article-title":"Controlled clinical trial of a drug in the treatment of leg ulcer","volume":"45","author":"Bassetti","year":"1970","journal-title":"Giornale Italiano Di Dermatological - Minerva Dermatologica"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0011|cit11","first-page":"75","article-title":"Debridement of dermal ulcers and decubiti with collagenase","volume":"24","author":"Boxer","year":"1969","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0012|cit12","unstructured":"Casoni P Randomized trial of a new dressing in the treatment of chronic non-healing ulcers 15th Annual Congress of the American College of Phlebology; La Quinta (CA) 2001"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0013|cit13","unstructured":"Castell AE Herrera MA Reyes G Gomez V Alvarez SJ Jimenez F Treatment of chronic ulcers with fibrin dressings and fibroblasts Tissue Engineering. Part a 2016 S28"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0014|cit14","unstructured":"Chaloner DM Milward PA Skitt PJ A community-based clinical trial of three dressings in the treatment of leg ulceration 1st European Conference on Advances in Wound Management, 1991, 4-6 September; Cardiff (UK) 1991 148 9"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(97)89589-X","article-title":"Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of the use of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in chronic leg ulcers","volume":"173","author":"Marques da Costa","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555561575577","article-title":"A double-blind study of the effects of benzoyl peroxide 20% and eusol and liquid paraffin on the microbial flora of leg ulcers","volume":"61","author":"Daltrey","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Dermato-Venereologica"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70045-3","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of a proteolytic ointment in the treatment of chronic ulcers of the lower extremity","volume":"39","author":"Falabella","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1159\/000057729","article-title":"The beneficial toxicity paradox of antimicrobials in leg ulcer healing impaired by a polymicrobial flora: a proof of concept study","volume":"204 (Suppl 1)","author":"Fumal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0019|cit19","unstructured":"Gago Fornells M Verdu Soriano J Garcia Conzalez RF Guerrero JJ Rueda Lopez J Gaztelu Valdes V Maceration of the skin surrounding the lesions in leg ulcers. Comparison of seven groups of dressings for moist dressing 12th Conference of the European Wound Management Association GNEAUPP - EWMA 2002 132"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0020|cit20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Treatment of chronic leg ulcers with a hydrocolloid dressing","volume":"152","author":"Gamborg Nielsen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Dermato-Venereologica Supplementum (Stockholm)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0021|cit21","unstructured":"Gibson B Harper DR Nelson EA Prescott RJ Ruckley CV Comparison of a knitted viscose dressing and a hydrocolloid dressing in the treatment of arterial and diabetic leg ulcers Phlebology '95: the XII Congress Union Internationale De Phlebologie John Libbey Co. Ltd 1986 159 60"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0022|cit22","unstructured":"Gibson B A cost effectiveness comparison of two gels in the treatment of sloughy leg ulcers Symposium on Advanced Wound Care and Medical Research Forum on Wound Repair; 1995, April; San Diego (CA) 1995"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0023|cit23","first-page":"423","article-title":"Amniotic membrane dressing versus normal saline dressing in non-healing lower limb ulcers: a prospective comparative study at a teaching hospital","volume":"6","author":"Hanumanthappa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0024|cit24","first-page":"229","article-title":"Cost and dressing evaluation of hydrofiber and alginate dressings in the management of community-based patients with chronic leg ulceration","volume":"13","author":"Harding","year":"2001","journal-title":"Wounds: A Compendium of Clinical Research and Practice"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0025|cit25","first-page":"52","article-title":"Cost and dressing evaluation of a hydrofiber and alginate dressing in the management of community-based patients with chronic leg ulceration","volume":"47","author":"Harding","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ostomy\/wound management"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0026|cit26","unstructured":"Robinson B Harding K Thomas S Cherry G Does the dressing make a difference? A comparative cost-effectiveness clinical trial of two modern primary dressings on leg ulcers European Wound Management Association Conference; 1997, 27-29 April; Milan (Italy) 1997 63 4"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0027|cit27","unstructured":"Robinson BJ An open, prospective, randomized multi-centre study of a new hydrofibre dressing, Aquacel, in comparison with an alginate in the management of leg ulcers in the UK community Proceedings of the 6th European conference on advances in wound management; 1-4 October, 1996; Amsterdam (the Netherlands) 1997 155"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2002.11.8.26432","article-title":"Two US practitioners' experience of using essential oils for wound care","volume":"11","author":"Hartman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Wound Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555570132136","article-title":"Pain control in the surgical debridement of leg ulcers by the use of a topical lidocaine-prilocaine cream, EMLA","volume":"70","author":"Holm","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Dermato-Venereologica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0030|cit30","first-page":"245","article-title":"Lidocaine-prilocaine cream (EMLA Cream) as a topical anaesthetic for the cleansing of leg ulcers. The effect of length of application time","volume":"8","author":"Holst","year":"1998","journal-title":"European Journal of Dermatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0031|cit31","first-page":"148","article-title":"Role of Klion ointment in the treatment of crural ulcer","volume":"39","author":"Huber","year":"1991","journal-title":"Therapia Hungarica"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0032|cit32","first-page":"1227","article-title":"Clinical study of a new hydrocolloid dressing, Comfeel Ulcus, in dermal ulcers: well-controlled comparative study with Duo Active","volume":"6","author":"Ishibashi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rinsho Iyaku (Journal of Clinical Therapeutics and Medicines)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2009.18.7.43115","article-title":"Pain-relieving properties of topically applied morphine on arterial leg ulcers: a pilot study","volume":"18","author":"Jansen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Wound Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70153-5","article-title":"Use of topical ketanserin in the treatment of skin ulcers: a double-blind study","volume":"21","author":"Janssen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0035|cit35","unstructured":"Johnson CR Repper J A double-blind, placebo controlled study of lidocaine\/prilocaine cream (EMLA (R) 5%) used as topical analgesic for cleansing and re-dressing of leg ulcers Astra Zeneca 1992"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0036|cit36","unstructured":"Jorgensen B Thomsen JK Safety and efficacy of a new hydrocapillary dressing in the treatment of leg ulcers 13th Conference of the European Wound Management Association; 2003, 22-24 May; Pisa (Italy) 2003 221"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0037|cit37","unstructured":"JPRN-UMIN000033048 A prospective randomized comparative study between the novel form dressing and conventional silver form dressing for exuding wounds rctportal.niph.go.jp\/en\/detail?trial_id=UMIN000033048"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0038|cit38","first-page":"193","article-title":"Effects of a foam dressing with ibuprofen on wound pain from arterial leg ulcers and vasculitic ulcers","volume":"9","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"EWMA Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0039|cit39","unstructured":"Kalis B Clinical evaluation of Granuflex and dextranomer dressing in leg ulcers 2nd European Conference on Advances in Wound Management; 1992, 20-23 October; Harrogate (UK) 1993 212"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0040|cit40","first-page":"319","article-title":"The use of platelet derived wound healing formula in human clinical trials","volume":"266","author":"Knighton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Progress in Clinical and Biological Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0041|cit41","first-page":"67","article-title":"Design and implementation of clinical studies in chronic nonhealing wounds","volume":"365","author":"Knighton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Progress in Clinical and Biological Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2008.17.7.30525","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial on the effectiveness of an advanced wound dressing used in Iran","volume":"17","author":"Kordestani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Wound Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(91)90247-R","article-title":"A prospective randomized trial of autologous platelet-derived wound healing factors for treatment of chronic nonhealing wounds: a preliminary report","volume":"14","author":"Krupski","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Vascular Surgery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0044|cit44","unstructured":"Larsen AM Andersen KE Berg BK A comparative study on the effect and function of Comfeel Purilon versus IntraSite gel on leg ulcers European Wound Management Association Conference; 1997, 27-29 April; Milan (Italy) 1997 44 6"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0045|cit45","first-page":"121","article-title":"A comparative trial of Sherisorb gel and cadexomer iodine: problems of community-based trials involving chronic leg ulcers","volume-title":"Advances in Wound Management","author":"Leaper","year":"1986"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3109\/09546639109092731","article-title":"A community- and hospital-based comparative evaluation of Comfeel ulcer dressing for chronic leg ulcers","volume":"2","author":"Leaper","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Dermatological Treatment"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0047|cit47","unstructured":"Luongo C Sammartino A Mascolo L Campitiello F Golino M Luongo M Advanced dressings and oxigen-ozone therapy to treat ulcer's in chronic obliterant peripheral artheriopaties (AOCP) 13th Conference of the European Wound Management Association Pisa (Italy) EWMA 2003 232"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2014.23.3.105","article-title":"Evaluation of two fibrous wound dressings for the management of leg ulcers: results of a European randomised controlled trial (EARTH RCT)","volume":"23","author":"Meaume","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Wound Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2017.26.7.368","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with leg ulcers: results from CHALLENGE, a double-blind randomised controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Meaume","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Wound Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0050|cit50","first-page":"257","article-title":"Lyophilized type-I collagen and chronic leg ulcers","volume":"13","author":"Mian","year":"1991","journal-title":"International Journal of Tissue Reactions"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0051|cit51","first-page":"70, 72-4","article-title":"Examining hydrocolloids","volume":"87","author":"Milward","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nursing Times"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12298","article-title":"An open multicenter comparative randomized clinical study on chitosan","volume":"23","author":"Mo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wound Repair and Regeneration"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wndm.2014.08.002","article-title":"A randomised trial to compare the performance of Oxyzyme and Iodozyme with standard care in the treatment of patients with venous and mixed venous\/arterial ulceration","volume":"6","author":"Moffatt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wound Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0054|cit54","first-page":"116","article-title":"Argentic sulfadiazine in lower limbs ulcers: double-blinded study","volume":"9","author":"Morely de Benzaquen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacologia Y Terapeutica"},{"issue":"17-18","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2012.0634","article-title":"Novel collagen\/gelatin scaffold with sustained release of basic fibroblast growth factor: clinical trial for chronic skin ulcers","volume":"19","author":"Morimoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tissue Engineering. Part a"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0056|cit56","first-page":"54","article-title":"Comparative study of cadexomer iodine and dextranomer in chronic leg ulcers","volume":"25","author":"Moss","year":"1984","journal-title":"Scottish Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0057|cit57","first-page":"48","article-title":"Impact of antimicrobial gauze on bacterial colonies in wounds that require packing","volume":"50","author":"Motta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2006.15.5.26909","article-title":"Effect of a sustained silver-releasing dressing on ulcers with delayed healing: the CONTOP study","volume":"15","author":"Munter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Wound Care"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0059|cit59","unstructured":"NCT01036438 Evaluating the efficacy of an absorbent foam dressing containing silver (Mepilex Ag) versus the same dressing without silver used on subjects with venous leg ulcers or mixed ulcers clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01036438"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0060|cit60","unstructured":"NCT01449422 Clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy, tolerance and acceptability of URGO dressing vs a hydrofibre in the local management of venous or predominantly venous mixed leg ulcers clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01449422"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0061|cit61","unstructured":"NCT02046226 Dissolved oxygen dressing to improve chronic wound healing after revascularization for critical limb ischemia clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02046226"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0062|cit62","first-page":"61","article-title":"The protective effects on wound edges of a new preparation","volume":"100","author":"Neander","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nursing Times"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0063|cit63","first-page":"424","article-title":"Synthaderm in the treatment of leg ulcers. A prospective controlled study","volume":"102","author":"Nyfors","year":"1982","journal-title":"Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0064|cit64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1993.tb02799.x","article-title":"Topical phenytoin in wound healing","volume":"32","author":"Pendse","year":"1993","journal-title":"International Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0065|cit65","unstructured":"Polignano R Abel M Andriessen A. 2004 The effect of moist wound healing dressing on microcirculation in leg ulcers. A pilot study 2nd World Union of Wound Healing Societies Meeting; 2004 ,8-13 July; Paris (France) 2004"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0066|cit66","unstructured":"Polignano R Turrini P Andreissen A The effect of microcirculation in leg ulcers comparing traditional vs MWH dressings - a pilot study 11th European Tissue Repair Society Annual Conference; 2001 5-8 September; Cardiff, Wales 2001 44"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000516197.13492.1a","article-title":"The effectiveness of EMLA as a primary dressing on painful chronic leg ulcers: a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Purcell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in Skin and Wound Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0068|cit68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734617726678","article-title":"The effectiveness of EMLA as a primary dressing on painful chronic leg ulcers: effects on wound healing and health-related quality of life","volume":"16","author":"Purcell","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01422.x","article-title":"Healing effect of ketanserin on chronic leg ulcers in patients with diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Quatresooz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0070|cit70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jccw.2016.06.001","article-title":"Effects of topic Simvastatin for the treatment of chronic vascular cutaneous ulcers: a pilot study","volume":"7","author":"Raposio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Clinical Wound Specialists"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0071|cit71","first-page":"153","article-title":"Difficult-to-heal wounds of mixed arterial\/venous and venous etiology: a cost-effectiveness analysis of extracellular matrix","volume":"8","author":"Romanelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0072|cit72","unstructured":"Schmutz JL Comparison of the new hydrofibre dressing Aquacel and a conventional dressing for the treatment of leg ulcers 6th European Conference on Advances in Wound Management; 1-4 October, 1996; Amsterdam (the Netherlands) 1997 88"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.84","article-title":"Topical treatment of hypertensive leg ulcers with platelet-derived growth factor-BB: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"147","author":"Senet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of Dermatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0074|cit74","first-page":"13","article-title":"Hydro-colloidal dressings which release hydro-active silver","volume":"28","author":"Serra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Revista de Enfermeria"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000394027.82702.16","article-title":"Reduction of bacterial burden and pain in chronic wounds using a new polyhexamethylene biguanide antimicrobial foam dressing-clinical trial results","volume":"24","author":"Sibbald","year":"2011","journal-title":"Advances in Skin and Wound Care"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0076|cit76","first-page":"103","article-title":"Clinical trials with purified platelet releasate","volume":"365","author":"Steed","year":"1991","journal-title":"Progress in Clinical and Biological Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1984.tb06610.x","article-title":"Topical zinc oxide treatment improves arterial and venous leg ulcers","volume":"111","author":"Stromberg","year":"1984","journal-title":"British Journal of Dermatology"},{"issue":"8349","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0078|cit78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90567-6","article-title":"Irrigation treatment of leg ulcers","volume":"2","author":"Svedman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0079|cit79","first-page":"57","article-title":"Cadexomer iodine (Iodosorb) compared with dextranomer (Debrisan) in the treatment of chronic leg ulcers","volume":"544","author":"Tarvainen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta chirurgica Scandinavica Supplementum"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0080|cit80","first-page":"706","article-title":"Sorbsan in the management of leg ulcers","volume":"243","author":"Thomas","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0081|cit81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2005.00085.x","article-title":"Mitogenic bovine whey extract modulates matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels in chronic leg ulcers","volume":"14","author":"Varelias","year":"2006","journal-title":"Wound Repair and Regeneration"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0082|cit82","unstructured":"Vin F Dubertret L Beylot C The cost-effectiveness of a hydrocolloid hydrogel dressing in the management of necrotic and sloughy leg ulcers, in comparison with a polysaccharide paste European Wound Management Association Conference 1997, 27-29 April; Milan (Italy) 1997"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.07.030","article-title":"State-of-the-art treatment of chronic leg ulcers: a randomized controlled trial comparing vacuum-assisted closure (V.A.C.) with modern wound dressings","volume":"44","author":"Vuerstaek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Vascular Surgery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0084|cit84","unstructured":"Wanger L Eriksson G Karlsson A Analgesic effect and local reactions of repeated application of EMLA(R) (Lidocaine\/Prilocaine) cream for the cleansing of leg ulcers Clinical Dermatology in the year 2000; 1990 May 22-25; London (UK) 1990 164"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0085|cit85","first-page":"273","article-title":"Autologous platelet lysate product versus placebo in patients with chronic leg ulcerations: a pilot study using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Weed","year":"2004","journal-title":"Wounds: a Compendium of Clinical Research and Practice"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0086|cit86","first-page":"500","article-title":"Topical therapy of chronic wounds with a new hydropolymer dressing - clinical experience in 478 patients","volume":"72","author":"Wollina","year":"1997","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur Hautkrankheiten"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0087|cit87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000422628.63148.4b","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial to evaluate an antimicrobial dressing with silver alginate powder for the management of chronic wounds exhibiting signs of critical colonization","volume":"25","author":"Woo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Advances in Skin and Wound Care"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0088|cit88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(96)87277-2","article-title":"Water vapour transmission rates in burns and chronic leg ulcers: influence of wound dressings and comparison with in vitro evaluation","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0089|cit89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zykova SN Balandina KA Vorokhobina NV Kuznetsova AV Engstad R Zykova TA Macrophage stimulating agent soluble yeast beta-1,3\/1,6-glucan as a topical treatment of diabetic foot and leg ulcers: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled phase II study Journal of Diabetes Investigation 2014 392 9","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12165"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0090|cit90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161115666170301122216","article-title":"Wounds difficult to heal: an effective treatment strategy","volume":"15","author":"Capoano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Vascular Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0091|cit91","unstructured":"NCT00658983 Autologous platelet enriched gel versus metalloproteinase inhibitor in the healing of chronic lower leg ulcers clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT00658983"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0092|cit92","unstructured":"NCT02583958 Assessment of efficacy and safety for a new wound dressing URGO 310 3166 in the local treatment of venous or mixed leg ulcers: a European, randomised clinical trial clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02583958"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0093|cit93","unstructured":"NCT02839226 Safety and efficacy of topical AR\/101 compared with placebo, in accelerating granulation tissue formation of hard-to-heal wounds clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02839226"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0094|cit94","unstructured":"NCT03275831 A pilot study to investigate the efficacy of PluroGel in healing venous and mixed aetiology leg ulcers clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03275831"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0095|cit95","unstructured":"NCT03468816 Wound dressing with moisture sensor clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03468816"},{"issue":"7454","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0096|cit96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490","article-title":"Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"328","author":"Atkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0097|cit97","first-page":"1009","article-title":"A5 Wound management products and elasticated garments","volume-title":"British National Formulary 65","author":"British National Formulary","year":"2013"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0098|cit98","first-page":"119-27","article-title":"Effectiveness of bedside investigations to diagnose peripheral artery disease among people with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Brownrigg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes\/metabolism Research and Reviews"},{"issue":"6610","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0099|cit99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.295.6610.1382","article-title":"Hazards of compression treatment of the leg: an estimate from Scottish surgeons","volume":"295","author":"Callam","year":"1987","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0100|cit100","unstructured":"Veritas Health Innovation Covidence"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0101|cit101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/00129334-200311000-00013","article-title":"Prevalence of lower-limb ulceration: a systematic review of prevalence studies","volume":"16","author":"Graham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Advances in Skin and Wound Care"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0102|cit102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7537.347","article-title":"Venous and arterial ulcers","volume":"332","author":"Grey","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0103|cit103","unstructured":"Harding K Dowsett C Fias L Jelnes R Mosti G \u00d6ien R Simplifying venous leg ulcer management. Consensus recommendations. Wounds International, 2015 www.woundsinternational.com"},{"issue":"7414","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0104|cit104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0105|cit105","unstructured":"Higgins JP Altman DG Sterne JA editor(s) Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JP, Green S editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011) Available from handbook.cochrane.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0106|cit106","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann HJ Oxman AD Higgins JP Vist GE Glasziou P Guyatt GH Chapter 11: Presenting results and \u2018Summary of findings' tables. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from handbook.cochrane.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0107|cit107","unstructured":"Lefebvre C Manheimer E Glanville J Chapter 6: Searching for studies. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from handbook.cochrane.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0108|cit108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.02.026","article-title":"Alienating evidence based medicine vs. Innovative medical device marketing: a report on the evidence debate at a Wounds conference","volume":"74","author":"Madden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0109|cit109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000265.pub3","article-title":"Compression for venous leg ulcers","author":"O'Meara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0110|cit110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010182.pub2","article-title":"Alginate dressings for venous leg ulcers","author":"O\u2019Meara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0111|cit111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009907.pub2","article-title":"Foam dressings for venous leg ulcers","author":"O\u2019Meara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0112|cit112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001103.pub2","article-title":"Dressings for healing venous leg ulcers","author":"Palfreyman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0113|cit113","unstructured":"Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5) 2014"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0114|cit114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010738","article-title":"Hydrogel dressings for venous leg ulcers","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0115|cit115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010918","article-title":"Hydrocolloid dressings for healing venous leg ulcers","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0116|cit116","unstructured":"Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) 120 Management of chronic venous leg ulcers, a national clinical guideline. 2010 sign.ac.uk\/pdf\/sign120.pdf (accessed March 2015)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0117|cit117","unstructured":"Sterne JA Egger M Moher D editor(s) Chapter 10: Addressing reporting biases. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention. Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from handbook.cochrane.org"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0118|cit118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.11.2.111","article-title":"Serotenergic mechanisms in hypertension. Focus on the effects of ketanserin","volume":"11","author":"Vanhoutte","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0119|cit119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/193293a0","article-title":"Formation of the scab and the rate of epithelialization of superficial wounds in the skin of the young domestic pig","volume":"193","author":"Winter","year":"1962","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0120|cit120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub3","article-title":"Dressings and topical agents for arterial leg ulcers","author":"Forster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0121|cit121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836","article-title":"Dressings and topical agents for arterial leg ulcers","author":"Nelson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4-BIB0122|cit122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub2","article-title":"Dressings and topical agents for arterial leg ulcers","author":"Nelson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/cdsr\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4\/epdf\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T17:21:30Z","timestamp":1695662490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD001836.pub4"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Vascular Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]]},"references-count":122,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd001836.pub4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]]}}}