{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T21:30:22Z","timestamp":1790026222351,"version":"4.0.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd001944","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,18]],"date-time":"2007-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1184716800000}}],"reference-count":180,"publisher":"Wiley","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd001944.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,3]],"date-time":"2007-07-03T14:37:15Z","timestamp":1183473435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Thioridazine for schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Fenton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence; Database of Uncertainties about the Effects of Treatments (DUETs); Level 1A, City Tower, Piccadilly Plaza Middle Way Manchester UK M1 4BD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Rathbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sheffield; HEDS, ScHARR; Regent Court 30 Regent Street Sheffield UK S1 4DA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen's Campus, Durham University; Centre for Intregrated Health Care Research, Wolfson Research Institute; University Boulevard Thornaby Stockton-on-Tees UK TS17 6BH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"519","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.115.519.169","article-title":"A double blind comparative trial of pericyazine and thioridazine in chronic schizophrenia","volume":"115","author":"Barker","year":"1969","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1975.tb02354.x","article-title":"Plasma levels and clinical effects of thioridazine and thiothixene","volume":"15","author":"Bergling","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","first-page":"190","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tiospirone vs. haloperidol and thioridazine in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Borison","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","unstructured":"Carranza Acevedo J Angel Toro L Gomez-Mont F Double blind evaluation of sulpiride and thioridazine in paranoid schizophrenia 9th Congres de Neuropsychopharmacologie. Nouveaux Developements du Sulpiride; 1974 Jul 10, Paris 1974 14498342"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","first-page":"329","article-title":"A randomized control study of thioridazine and chlorpromazine on treatment of schizophrenia","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1971.01750170020004","article-title":"Drug treatment in newly admitted schizophrenic patients","volume":"25","author":"Clark","year":"1971","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","first-page":"137","article-title":"Pimozide in chronic Schizophrenic outpatients","volume":"36","author":"Clark","year":"1975","journal-title":"Diseases of the Nervous System"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1966.01730150055009","article-title":"Behavioral correlates of the guessing game. Side effects and double-blind studies","volume":"15","author":"Cohler","year":"1966","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","first-page":"249","article-title":"Thioridazine improves affective symptoms in schizophrenic patients","volume":"29","author":"Dufresne","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1972.01750280054010","article-title":"Premorbid adjustment, phenothiazine treatment, and remission in acute schizophrenics","volume":"27","author":"Evans","year":"1972","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-196808000-00009","article-title":"Predicting response to phenothiazines: the right drug for the right patient","volume":"147","author":"Galbrecht","year":"1968","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0013|cit12","unstructured":"Gallant Piperacetazine vs. thioridazine-1 Early Clinical Drug Evaluation Unit Reports 1971 97344288"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0012|cit13","first-page":"10","article-title":"Quide vs. Mellaril in chronic schizophrenic patients","volume":"14","author":"Gallant","year":"January 1972","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(78)90083-4","article-title":"Treatment with mesoridazine and thioridazine in chronic schizophrenia. I. Assessment of clinical and electrophysiologic responses in refractory hallucinating schizophrenics","volume":"19","author":"Gardos","year":"1978","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","first-page":"692","article-title":"A comparison of thioridazine (mellaril) and thiothixene (navane) in the treatment of hospitalized psychotic patients","volume":"31","author":"Granacher","year":"1982","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","first-page":"116","article-title":"Long-term treatment of chronic schizophrenia. A preliminary report","volume":"4","author":"Grinspoon","year":"1967","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","first-page":"300","article-title":"A double blind controlled study for the efficacy and the side effects of thioridazine and chlorpromazine in schizophrenia","volume":"21","author":"Gui-yun","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","first-page":"1006","article-title":"The efficacy of sustained release thioridazine in the treatment of schizophrenic inpatients","volume":"48","author":"Herrera","year":"1990","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","first-page":"171","article-title":"The randomised control trial of thioridazine and sulpiride treating schizophrenia with negative symptoms","volume":"10","author":"Ju","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sichuan Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.115.12.1118","article-title":"Psychiatric response of geriatric-psychiatric patients to Mellaril (TP-21 Sandoz)","volume":"115","author":"Judah","year":"1959","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01607.x","article-title":"The Australian multicentre double-blind comparative study of remoxipride and thioridazine in schizophrenia","volume":"90","author":"Keks","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.470100604","article-title":"Remoxipride versus thioridazine in the treatment of first episodes of schizophrenia in drug-naive patients - A case for specific, low potency D2 antagonists","volume":"10","author":"Lambert","year":"1995","journal-title":"Human Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"5, Pt 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","first-page":"619","article-title":"Relative efficacy and safety of loxapine succinate (Loxitane(R)) and thioridazine hydrochloride (Mellaril(R)) in the treatment of acute schizophrenia","volume":"23","author":"Kramer","year":"1978","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","first-page":"698","article-title":"Drug treatment of schizophrenic patients. A comparative evaluation of chlorpromazine, chloprothixene, fluphenazine, reserpine, thioridazine and triflupromazine","volume":"23","author":"Lasky","year":"1962","journal-title":"Diseases of the Nervous System"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","first-page":"364","article-title":"Effects of thioridazine on schizophrenics and clinical utility of plasma levels","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","first-page":"253","article-title":"Thioridazine in the treatment of schizophrenia: a double-blind controlled clinical trial compared with clozapine","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05305.x","article-title":"A double-blind comparative study of remoxipride and thioridazine in the acute phase of schizophrenia","volume":"358","author":"McCreadie","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplementum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06300.x","article-title":"A double blind comparative study of remoxipride and thioridazine in the acute phase of schizophrenia","volume":"78","author":"McCreadie","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1177\/009127006600600605","article-title":"A study of thioridazine and its side-chain derivative, mesoridazine, in chronic male hospitalized psychiatric patients","volume":"6","author":"Mena","year":"1966","journal-title":"Journal of New Drugs"},{"issue":"2,3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","first-page":"181","article-title":"Double blind controlled study of mesoridazine and thioridazine on schizophrenic inpatients","volume":"1","author":"Miyakawa","year":"1973","journal-title":"Clinical Evaluation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03235.x","article-title":"Inadequate treatment response to des-enkephalin-gamma-endorphin compared with thioridazine and placebo in schizophrenia","volume":"86","author":"Montgomery","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1964.01720210028005","article-title":"Phenothiazine treatment in acute schizophrenia","volume":"10","author":"Cole","year":"1964","journal-title":"Archives of general psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(85)90174-X","article-title":"Prophylactic effects of neuroleptics in symptom-free schizophrenics: roles of dopaminergic and noradrenergic blockers","volume":"20","author":"Nishikawa","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05314.x","article-title":"Remoxipride versus thioridazine in elderly psychotic patients","volume":"358","author":"Phanjoo-AL","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplementum"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","first-page":"971","article-title":"Subjective neuroleptic response and treatment outcome under open and double blind conditions - a preliminary report","volume":"14","author":"Pi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Progressive Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0037|cit36","unstructured":"Rada Piperacetazine vs. thioridazine Early Clinical Drug Evaluation Unit Reports 1972 97344288"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0036|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(72)71386-9","article-title":"Piperacetazine vs. thioridazine for the control of schizophrenia in outpatients","volume":"13","author":"Rada","year":"1972","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1976.tb00053.x","article-title":"Deposits in the lens and cornea of the eye during long term chlorpromazine medication","volume":"53","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Psyciatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.141.3.440","article-title":"Clinical comparison of thiothixene and thioridazine in schizophrenic adolescents","volume":"141","author":"Realmuto","year":"1984","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","first-page":"151","article-title":"A comparison of thioridazine, trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, and placebo: a double-blind controlled study on the treatment of chronic hospitalized, schizophrenic patients","volume":"22","author":"Schiele","year":"1961","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","first-page":"1417","article-title":"Phenothiazine side-effects. Comparison of two major tranquillizers","volume":"106","author":"Somerville","year":"1960","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01573366","article-title":"A double-blind comparison of thioridazine and chlorpromazine","volume":"38","author":"Stabenau","year":"1964","journal-title":"Psychiatric Quarterly"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","first-page":"945","article-title":"Chlorpromazine, clotiapine and thioridazine - a comparative clinical trial on Bantu psychotic patients","volume":"45","author":"Wyk","year":"1971","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","first-page":"821","article-title":"Differential drug effects of two phenothiazines (a controlled comparison of thioridazine and trifluoperazine in chronic schizophrenics)","volume":"31","author":"Vestre","year":"1970","journal-title":"Diseases of the Nervous System"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3109\/00048677309161477","article-title":"A comparative trial of haloperidol and thioridazine: management of chronic schizophrenia","volume":"7","author":"Weston","year":"1973","journal-title":"Australia and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt196894456","article-title":"Thiothixene, thioridazine, and placebo in male chronic schizophrenic patients","volume":"9","author":"Wolpert","year":"1968","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","first-page":"122","article-title":"Efficacy comparison of Thioridazine and chlorpromazine treating type I schizophrenia","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Guangdon Medical College"},{"issue":"2 (Feb 15)","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00403638","article-title":"An exploration of the autonomic effects of phenothiazines","volume":"7","author":"Acker","year":"1965","journal-title":"Psychopharmacologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1973.tb01683.x","article-title":"Behavioral effects of drug therapy on psychogeriatric inpatients. I. Chlorpromazine and thioridazine","volume":"21","author":"Altman","year":"1973","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatric Society"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","first-page":"91","article-title":"Thioridazine in treatment of psychiatric patients","volume":"211","author":"Askar","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplementum"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02195978","article-title":"Depressive syndromes in schizophrenic patients under neuroleptic therapy","volume":"241","author":"Bandelow","year":"1992","journal-title":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"519","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.115.519.169","article-title":"A double blind comparative trial of pericyazine and thioridazine in chronic schizophrenia","volume":"115","author":"Barker","year":"1969","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.138.1.81","article-title":"Synergism of combined lithium-neuroleptic therapy: a double blind, placebo controlled case study","volume":"138","author":"Bigelow","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1965.01730020057007","article-title":"Extrapyramidal side effects and therapeutic response","volume":"13","author":"Bishop","year":"1965","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0055|cit55","first-page":"31","article-title":"Changes in cognition, attention and language in acute schizophrenia","volume":"30","author":"Blum","year":"1969","journal-title":"Diseases of the Nervous System"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1978.03280450032019","article-title":"High- and low-potency neuroleptics in elderly psychiatric patients","volume":"239","author":"Branchey","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.120.6.578","article-title":"Phenothiazine excretion in chronic schizophrenics","volume":"120","author":"Caffey","year":"1963","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0058|cit58","first-page":"9","article-title":"Continuous versus targeted medication in schizophrenic outpatients: outcome results","volume":"147","author":"Carpenter","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0059|cit59","first-page":"785","article-title":"A double-blind comparison of haloperidol (Haldol) and thioridazine (Mellaril) in outpatient children","volume":"14","author":"Claghorn","year":"1972","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(75)90165-3","article-title":"Tardive dyskinesia treated with pimozide","volume":"24","author":"Claveria","year":"1975 Apr","journal-title":"Journal of Neurological Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0061|cit61","first-page":"251","article-title":"no English title available","volume":"5","author":"Cottereau","year":"1979","journal-title":"L' Encephale"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0062|cit62","first-page":"411","article-title":"Double-blind study of thioridazine and haloperidol in geriatric patients with a psychosis associated with organic brain syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Cowley","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0063|cit63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1981.01780310068007","article-title":"Motility, Parkinsonism, and prolactin with thiothixene and thioridazine","volume":"38","author":"Crowley","year":"1981 June","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0064|cit64","first-page":"353","article-title":"A clinical study with propericiazine in chronic psychotic patients","volume":"13","author":"Deutsch","year":"1971","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research Clinical and Experimental"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0065|cit65","first-page":"487","article-title":"Electrocardiographic evaluation of thiothixene: a double-blind comparison with thioridazine","volume":"9","author":"Dillenkoffer","year":"1974","journal-title":"Advances in Biochemistry and Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0066|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1963.17.2.511","article-title":"Effect of phenothiazines on the thinking of acute schizophrenics","volume":"17","author":"Downing","year":"1963","journal-title":"Perceptual and Motor Skills"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0067|cit67","first-page":"475","article-title":"Rapid tranquillization: the efficacy of oral concentrate","volume":"46","author":"Dubin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0068|cit68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.147.6.623","article-title":"The effect of propranolol and thioridazine on positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia","volume":"147","author":"Eccleston","year":"1985","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1992.tb01446.x","article-title":"Effects of antipsychotic drugs on memory functions of schizophrenic patients","volume":"85","author":"Eitan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0070|cit70","first-page":"683","article-title":"Clozapine's effectiveness for patients in state hospitals: results from a randomized trial","volume":"32","author":"Essock","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0071|cit71","first-page":"139","article-title":"Clinical trial with TPN 12 (thioridazine metabolite) in the treatment of schizophrenia","volume":"3","author":"Fragoso","year":"1965","journal-title":"Actas Luso Esp Neurol Psiquiatr"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0072|cit72","first-page":"930","article-title":"Treshold for drug induced akathisia","volume":"vol unknown","author":"Friedman","year":"1964","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0073|cit73","first-page":"463","article-title":"A controlled evaluation of trifluperidol: a new potent psychopharmacologic agent","volume":"5","author":"Gallant","year":"1963","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0074|cit74","first-page":"153","article-title":"Thiothixene (P-4657B): a controlled evaluation in chronic schizophrenic patients","volume":"8","author":"Gallant","year":"1966 Apr","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-197411000-00004","article-title":"Are antipsychotic drugs interchangeable?","volume":"159","author":"Gardos","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00422420","article-title":"A double blind comparison of trebenzomine and thioridazine in the treatment of schizophrenia","volume":"73","author":"Georgotas","year":"1981 May","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00170.x","article-title":"Antiparkinsonian agents and long-term neuroleptic treatment. Effect of G 31.406, orphenadrine, and placebo on parkinsonism, schizophrenic symptoms, depression and anxiety","volume":"55","author":"Gerlach","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0078|cit78","first-page":"224","article-title":"The effects of selected antipsychotic drugs of human judgement","volume":"21","author":"Gillis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research Clinical and Experimental"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0079|cit79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.111.471.120","article-title":"Changes in schizophrenia psychopathology and ward behaviour as a function of phenothiazine treatment","volume":"111","author":"Goldberg","year":"1965 Feb","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1967.01730190109015","article-title":"Prediction of improvement in schizophrenia under four phenothiazines","volume":"16","author":"Goldberg","year":"1967","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0081|cit81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(69)90021-1","article-title":"Psychophysiological and behavioral effects of phenothiazine administration in acute schizophrenics as a function of premorbid status","volume":"6","author":"Goldstein","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0082|cit82","first-page":"47","article-title":"A comparison of haloperidol and thioridazine HC1 in chronic treatment-resistant schizophrenics","volume":"2","author":"Gonier","year":"1970 Jun-Jul","journal-title":"Behavioral Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(75)80002-2","article-title":"Thioridazine plasma levels and clinical response","volume":"4","author":"Gottschalk","year":"1975","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0084|cit84","first-page":"300-2, 319-20","article-title":"A double-blind controlled study of the efficacy and side effects of thioridazine and chlorpromazine in schizophrenia","volume":"21","author":"Guo","year":"1988 October","journal-title":"Chung Hua Shen Ching Ching Shen Ko Tsa Chih Chinese Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0085|cit85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00403632","article-title":"The comparative effectiveness of eight phenothiazines","volume":"7","author":"Hanlon","journal-title":"Psychopharmacologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0086|cit86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1159\/000468187","article-title":"Effects of control techniques on therapeutic outcome in a controlled clinical trial","volume":"10","author":"Hanlon","year":"1975","journal-title":"International Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0087|cit87","first-page":"1","article-title":"Double blind comparative study of the effects of thiothixene and thioridazine in twenty chronic schizophrenic patients","volume":"73","author":"Hardeman","year":"1970 Jan-Feb","journal-title":"Psychiatria Neurologia Neurochirurgia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0088|cit88","first-page":"87","article-title":"High incidence of tardive dyskinesia in older outpatients on low doses of neuroleptics","volume":"28","author":"Harris","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0089|cit89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(68)80059-8","article-title":"Thioridazine and chlordiazepoxide, alone and combined, in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia","volume":"9","author":"Holden","year":"1968","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0090|cit90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/070674376901400311","article-title":"Laboratory changes with chlordiazepoxide and thioridazine, alone and combined","volume":"14","author":"Holden","year":"1969","journal-title":"Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0091|cit91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1974.01760070072011","article-title":"Specific indications for different classes of phenothiazines","volume":"30","author":"Hollister","year":"1974","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0092|cit92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1973.04200020045005","article-title":"Phenothiazine effects in good premorbid schizophrenics divided into paranoid-nonparanoid status","volume":"29","author":"Judd","year":"1973","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0093|cit93","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Penfluridol: a long-acting oral neuroleptic as therapeutic agent in chronic schizophrenia","volume":"16","author":"Jus","year":"1974","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research Clinical and Experimental"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0094|cit94","first-page":"716","article-title":"Relationship between the hospital milieu and the response to phenothiazines in the treatment of schizophrenics","volume":"70","author":"Klerman","year":"1970 Nov","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Belgica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0095|cit95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(96)82949-5","article-title":"A clinical trial of the effects of estrogens in acutely psychotic women","volume":"20","author":"Kulkarni","year":"1996","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0096|cit96","first-page":"371","article-title":"no english title available","volume":"VII","author":"Lambert","year":"1982","journal-title":"L'Encephale"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0097|cit97","first-page":"101","article-title":"Acetophenazine versus thioridazine in the elderly","volume":"6","author":"Lapolla","year":"1969","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0098|cit98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1979.01780100025002","article-title":"Day treatment and psychotropic drugs in the aftercare of schizophrenic patients. A Veterans Administration cooperative study","volume":"36","author":"Linn","year":"1979 Sep","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0099|cit99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1978.tb06877.x","article-title":"Gradual reduction of neuroleptic drugs among chronic schizophrenics. A double-blind controlled study","volume":"57","author":"Lonowski","year":"1978 Feb","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0100|cit100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-200424050-00004","article-title":"Risperidone versus conventional antipsychotics for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: Symptoms, quality of life and resource use under customary clinical care","volume":"24","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical Drug Investigation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0101|cit101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1986.tb10534.x","article-title":"The influence of chlormethiazole in comparison to thioridazine on body temperature and postural hypotension in healthy adults and healthy elderly volunteers","volume":"329","author":"McCarthy","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplementum"},{"issue":"579","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0102|cit102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.124.2.151","article-title":"The abrupt withdrawal of antiparkinsonian drugs in schizophrenic patients","volume":"124","author":"McClelland","year":"1974","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0103|cit103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.121.11.1119","article-title":"Serum concentrations of thioridazine after different oral medication forms","volume":"122","author":"Mellinger","year":"1965","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0104|cit104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1177\/070674376601100507","article-title":"Abrupt withdrawal of chlorpromazine and thioridazine from schizophrenic in-patients","volume":"11","author":"Melnyk","year":"1966","journal-title":"Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0105|cit105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00407047","article-title":"The behavioral effects of Nicotinamine Adenine Dinucleotide in chronic schizophrenia","volume":"15","author":"Meltzer","year":"1969","journal-title":"Psychopharmacologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0106|cit106","first-page":"316","article-title":"Diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia in the retarded","volume":"21","author":"Menolascino","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0107|cit107","unstructured":"Montero E Thioridazine compared with a combination of chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine hydrochloride in schizophrenic patients 5th World Congress of Psychiatry, Ciudad de Mexico 878"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0108|cit108","first-page":"1237","article-title":"Drug default among schizophrenic patients","volume":"32","author":"Nelson","year":"1975 Dec","journal-title":"American Journal of Hospital Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0109|cit109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nordstr\u00f6m A Nyberg S Farde L Dopamine and serotonin receptor occupancy in patients treated with antipsychotics 8th Congress of the Association of European Psychiatrists, London, UK 1996","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-9338(96)88581-6"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0110|cit110","first-page":"605","article-title":"Imipramine and thioridazine in depressed and schizophrenic patients. Are there specific antidepressant drugs?","volume":"189","author":"Overall","year":"1964 Aug","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0111|cit111","first-page":"69","article-title":"Phenothiazine and Schizophrenic Thought Disorder","volume":"10","author":"Payne","year":"1974","journal-title":"Unknown source"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0112|cit112","first-page":"277","article-title":"GMI as a potential treatment in tardive dyskinisia","volume":"25","author":"Peselow","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0113|cit113","first-page":"317","article-title":"Intermittent pharmacotherapy in chronic schizophrenia","volume":"24","author":"Prien","year":"1973 May","journal-title":"Hospital and Community Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0114|cit114","first-page":"147","article-title":"Statistical analysis of the activity of loxapine and thioridazine in a double-blind study","volume":"1","author":"Rainaut","year":"1975","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0115|cit115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1976.tb00053.x","article-title":"Deposits in the lens and cornea of the eye during long-term chlorpromazine medication","volume":"53","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1976 Jan","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0116|cit116","unstructured":"Reiter L Hofmann G V World Congress of Psychiatry, Ciudad de Mexico 28 N 1971"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0117|cit117","first-page":"261","article-title":"A comparison of the therapeutic effect of oxypertine and thioridazine in chronic schizophrenia (a controlled trial)","volume":"4","author":"Remr","year":"1974","journal-title":"Activitas Nervosa Superior"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0118|cit118","first-page":"213","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of oxypertine and thioridazine on sensorimotor activity in chronic schizophrenics: a controlled study","volume":"17","author":"Remr","year":"1975","journal-title":"Activitas Nervosa Superior"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0119|cit119","first-page":"732","article-title":"Clinical trials with Melleril (TP21) in the treatment of schizophrenia. A two-year study","volume":"106","author":"Sandison","year":"1960 Apr","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8I","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0120|cit120","first-page":"328","article-title":"Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with propranolol","volume":"43","author":"Schrodt Jr","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0121|cit121","first-page":"194","article-title":"Blood levels of haloperidol and thioridazine during maintenance neuroleptic treatment of schizophrenic outpatients","volume":"4","author":"Shavartsburd","year":"1984 Aug","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0122|cit122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(74)71262-2","article-title":"Haloperidol versus thioridazine for the treatment of psychogeriatric patients: a double-blind clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Smith","year":"1974","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0123|cit123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02745.x","article-title":"Cortical atrophy and white matter density in the brains of schizophrenics and clinical response to neuroleptics","volume":"75","author":"Smith","year":"1987 Jan","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0124|cit124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(74)90073-9","article-title":"A pilot study of pimozide in schizophrenia","volume":"11","author":"Smythies","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0125|cit125","first-page":"356","article-title":"Report on clinical trials of a new neuroleptic drug","volume":"7","author":"Stucke","year":"1969 Feb","journal-title":"Medizinische Welt"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0126|cit126","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparative study of 2 drugs and a placebo in chronic schizophrenia","volume":"22","author":"Tetreault","year":"1969","journal-title":"Actualites Pharmacologiques"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0127|cit127","first-page":"278","article-title":"A double-blind study comparing haloperidol with thioridazine in emotionally disturbed, mentally retarded children","volume":"11","author":"Ucer","year":"1969 May","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research Clinical and Experimental"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0128|cit128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00673.x","article-title":"Haloperidol, thioridazine and placebo in mentally subnormal patients - serum levels and clinical effects","volume":"63","author":"Vaisanen","year":"1981 Mar","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0129|cit129","first-page":"945","article-title":"Chlorpromazine, clotiapine and thioridazine--a comparative clinical trial on Bantu psychotic patients","volume":"45","author":"Wyk","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0130|cit130","first-page":"22","article-title":"Loxapine versus thioridazine in the treatment of organic psychosis","volume":"8","author":"Versiani","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Internal Medical Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0131|cit131","first-page":"375","article-title":"Mesoridazine and thioridazine: clinical effects and blood levels in refractory schizophrenics","volume":"47","author":"Vital-Herne","year":"1986 Jul","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0132|cit132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770040061011","article-title":"Potentiation by metyrosine of thioridazine effects in chronic schizophrenics. A long-term trial using double-blind crossover technique","volume":"33","author":"Walinder","year":"1976 Apr","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0133|cit133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1975.01760270104015","article-title":"A comparison of antidepressant medications in neurotic and psychotic patients","volume":"32","author":"Wittenborn","year":"1975 Sep","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0134|cit134","first-page":"16-21; discussi","article-title":"Duration of neuroleptic treatment and relapse rate: a 5-year follow-up study with haloperidol decanoate","volume":"14","author":"Youssef","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0135|cit135","first-page":"197","article-title":"A double blind comparison of sulpiride with thioridazine on schizophrenia","volume":"15","author":"Tanimukai","year":"1973","journal-title":"Seishin Igaku (Clinical Psychiatry)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0136|cit136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7066.1200","article-title":"Detecting skewness from summary information","volume":"313","author":"Altman","year":"1996","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0137|cit137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01709572","article-title":"Near fatal case of self-poisoning with thioridazine","volume":"22","author":"Annane","year":"1996 Dec","journal-title":"Intensive Care Medicine"},{"issue":"2-3 (Jun 24)","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0138|cit138","first-page":"183","article-title":"Biphasic displacement of [3H]YM-09151-2 binding in the rat brain by thioridazine, risperidone and clozapine, but not by other antipsychotics","volume":"237","author":"Assie","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0139|cit139","volume-title":"The rise of psychopharmacology and the story of CINP","author":"Bain","year":"1998"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0140|cit140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540080059030","article-title":"Improving the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials: the CONSORT statement","volume":"276","author":"Begg","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0141|cit141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7108.600","article-title":"Statistics notes. Trials randomised in clusters","volume":"315","author":"Bland","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0142|cit142","volume-title":"British National Formulary Number 35","author":"British Medical Association","year":"1998"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0143|cit143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(83)90195-8","article-title":"Regional selectivity of neuroleptic drugs: an argument for site specificity","volume":"11","author":"Borison","year":"1983 Aug","journal-title":"Brain Research Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0144|cit144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt197517173","article-title":"Thioridazine: central dopamine turnover and clinical effects of antipsychotic drugs","volume":"17","author":"Bowers","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacolgy and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0145|cit145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3109\/15563659509017984","article-title":"Cardiotoxicity more common in thioridazine overdose than with other neuroleptics","volume":"33","author":"Buckley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Toxicology - Clinical Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0146|cit146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1943-278X.1992.tb01040.x","article-title":"Schizophrenia - a high-risk factor for suicide: clues to risk reduction","volume":"22","author":"Caldwell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0147|cit147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02599201","article-title":"The unit of analysis error in studies about physicians' patient care behavior","volume":"7","author":"Divine","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0148|cit148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1301","article-title":"Issues in the meta-analysis of cluster randomized trials","volume":"21","author":"Donner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0149|cit149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)38082-6","article-title":"Thioridazine lengthens repolarization of cardiac ventricular myocytes by blocking the delayed rectifier potassium current","volume":"288","author":"Drolet","year":"1999 Mar","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0150|cit150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0151|cit151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770060086012","article-title":"The Global Assessment Scale","volume":"33","author":"Endicott","year":"1976","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0152|cit152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009904","article-title":"Components of variance and intraclass correlations for the design of community-based surveys and intervention studies: data from the Health Survey for England 1994","volume":"149","author":"Gulliford","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0153|cit153","first-page":"124","volume-title":"ECDEU Assessment manual for psychopharmacology","author":"Guy","year":"1976"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0154|cit154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-197708000-00008","article-title":"Cardiac toxicity with thioridazine-tricyclic antidepressant combination","volume":"165","author":"Heiman","year":"1977 Aug","journal-title":"Journal Of Nervous And Mental Disease"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0155|cit155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0156|cit156","unstructured":"Higgins JPT Green S (editors) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 4.2.5 [updated May 2005] The Cochrane Library 2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0157|cit157","first-page":"26","article-title":"Electrocardiographic screening in psychiatric patients","volume":"56","author":"Hollister","year":"1995 Jan","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0158|cit158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(196501)21:1<65::AID-JCLP2270210122>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"The Nurses Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE): a new scale for measuring improvement in chronic schizophrenia","volume":"21","author":"Honingfeld","year":"1965","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0159|cit159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4","article-title":"Assessing the quality of reports of randomised controlled trials: is blinding necessary?","volume":"17","author":"Jadad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Controlled Clinical Trials"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0160|cit160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.165.6.787","article-title":"Post-mortem antipsychotic drug concentrations and unexplained deaths","volume":"165","author":"Jusic","year":"1994","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0161|cit161","unstructured":"King DJ Neuroleptics and schizophrenia. Seminars in clinical psychopharmacology Gaskell 1995 259 327"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0162|cit162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189-92, 195-6","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1980.11715402","article-title":"Cardiovascular side effects of phenothiazines and tricyclic antidepressants. A review with precautionary measures","volume":"67","author":"Lipscomb","year":"1980","journal-title":"Postgraduate Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0163|cit163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.176.3.249","article-title":"Unpublished rating scales: a major source of bias in randomised controlled trials of treatments for schizophrenia","volume":"176","author":"Marshall","year":"2000","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0164|cit164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1991.tb01421.x","article-title":"A study of sudden death associated with the use of antipsychotic or antidepressant drugs","volume":"84","author":"Mehtonen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0165|cit165","unstructured":"Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency http:\/\/www.mhra.gov.uk"},{"issue":"4 (May)","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0166|cit166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1177\/070674378603100411","article-title":"Chronic central anticholinergic toxicity in manic depressive illness mimicking dementia","volume":"31","author":"Moreau","year":"1986","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0167|cit167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1962.10.3.799","article-title":"The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale","volume":"10","author":"Overall","year":"1962","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0168|cit168","unstructured":"Psychotropics http:\/\/www.psychotropics.dk\/"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0169|cit169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199309030-00005","article-title":"Clinically important ocular reactions to systemic drug therapy","volume":"9","author":"Rennie","year":"1993","journal-title":"Drug Safety"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0170|cit170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960160910","article-title":"Torsade de pointes","volume":"16","author":"Roden","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clinical Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0171|cit171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520290060030","article-title":"Empirical evidence of bias: dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials","volume":"273","author":"Schulz","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0172|cit172","first-page":"22","article-title":"Recent developments in PET scan imaging of neuroreceptors in schizophrenia","volume":"32","author":"Sedvall","year":"1995","journal-title":"Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0173|cit173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(83)90452-1","article-title":"Neuroleptics have identical potencies in human brain limbic and putamen regions","volume":"94","author":"Seeman","year":"1983","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0174|cit174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7129.469","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"316","author":"Stuck","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0175|cit175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7167.1181","article-title":"Content and quality of 2000 controlled trials in schizophrenia over 50 years","volume":"317","author":"Thornley","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0176|cit176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000284.pub2","article-title":"Chlorpromazine versus placebo for schizophrenia (Cochrane Review)","author":"Thornley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0177|cit177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050593","article-title":"Effects of subchronic administration of clozapine, thioridazine and haloperidol on tests related to extrapyramidal motor function in the rat","volume":"137","author":"Trevitt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0178|cit178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/16.1.87","article-title":"The impact of substance abuse on the course and outcome of schizophrenia","volume":"16","author":"Turner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0179|cit179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta3050","article-title":"Methods for evaluating area-wide and organistation-based intervention in health and health care: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Ukoumunne","year":"1999","journal-title":"Health Technology Assessment"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2-BIB0180|cit180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2","article-title":"Thioridazine for schizophrenia","author":"A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T04:04:09Z","timestamp":1737173049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD001944.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Schizophrenia Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,18]]},"references-count":180,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd001944.pub2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,18]]}}}