{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:07:05Z","timestamp":1792523225211,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd002199.pub3","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,9]],"date-time":"2011-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320796800000}}],"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd002199.pub4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T14:09:25Z","timestamp":1320156565000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Operative procedures for fissure in ano"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2011","author":[{"given":"Richard L","family":"Nelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern General Hospital; Department of General Surgery; Herries Road Sheffield Yorkshire UK S5 7AU"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arpita","family":"Chattopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield; The Medical School; Beech Hill Road Sheffield UK S10 2RX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield; The Medical School; Beech Hill Road Sheffield UK S10 2RX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isobel","family":"Platt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield; The Medical School; Beech Hill Road Sheffield UK S10 2RX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thumri","family":"Paavana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield; The Medical School; Beech Hill Road Sheffield UK S10 2RX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Earl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield; The Medical School; Beech Hill Road Sheffield UK S10 2RX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2004.04.016","article-title":"Open versus closed lateral sphincterotomy performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia for chronic anal fissure: prospective randomized study of clinical and manometric results","volume":"199","author":"Arroyo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am Coll. Surg."},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2003.11.011","article-title":"Lateral internal sphincterotomy incision: suture or not? A prospective randomized controlled trila","volume":"187","author":"Aysan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Surg."},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800710517","article-title":"Adequate internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: subcutaneous or open technique? Br J Surg","volume":"71","author":"Boulos","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0549-4","article-title":"Anterior levatorplasty for the treatment of chronic anal fissures in females with a rectocele: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"Ellis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dis. Colon & Rectum"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-007-9177-1","article-title":"A study of fecal incontinence in patients with chronic anal fissure: prospective, randomized, controlled trial of the extent of internal anal sphincter division during lateral sphincterotomy","volume":"31","author":"Elsebae","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0006|cit6","first-page":"175","article-title":"A prospective randomized trial between subcutaneous lateral internal sphincterotomy with radiofrequency bistoury and conventional Parks' operation in the treatment of anal fissure","volume":"9","author":"Filingeri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Rev for Med. and Pahrmacol. Sciences"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01261568","article-title":"Treatment of primary-chronic anal fissure through anal stretch or sphincterotomy","volume":"343","author":"Fischer","year":"1976","journal-title":"Langenbeck's Arch Chir"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-003-0027-3","article-title":"Removal of hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps increases patients satisfaction after anal fissure surgery","volume":"7","author":"Gupta","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/s00053-008-8023-8","article-title":"Closed lateral internal sphincterotomy versus anal sphincterolysis for chronic anal fissure","volume":"30","author":"Gupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Coloproctology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00053-003-5091-7","article-title":"Chronische Analfissur - operative behandlung mit analdilatation, excision der analfissure versus laterale sphinkterotomie","volume":"25","author":"Hancke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Coloproctology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6444.528","article-title":"Lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy versus anal dilatation in the treatment of fissure in ano in outpatients: a prospective randomized study. Br Med J","volume":"289","author":"Jensen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-007-9122-2","article-title":"Evaluation of healing and complications after lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: marginal suture of the incision vs. open left incision: prospective, randomized, controlled study","volume":"51","author":"Kang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dis. Colon & Rectum"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02047868","article-title":"Chronic fissure-in-ano: a randomized study comparing open and subcutaneous lateral internal sphincterotomy. Dis. Colon & Rectum","volume":"35","author":"Kortbeek","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02053862","article-title":"Lateral sphincterotomy compared with anal advancement flap for chronic anal fissure.","volume":"38","author":"Leong","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02609311","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial to compare anal dilatation with lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy for anal fissure. Dis Colon & Rectum","volume":"22","author":"Marby","year":"1979","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0812-8","article-title":"Extent of lateral internal sphincterotomy: up to the dentate line or up to the fissure apex","volume":"48","author":"Mentes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dis. Colon & Rectum"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-007-9121-3","article-title":"Fine tuning of the extent of lateral internal sphincterotomy: spasm controlled vs. up to the fissure apex.","volume":"51","author":"Mentes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dis. Colon & Rectum"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-009-0908-5","article-title":"A comparison between the results of fissurectomy and lateral internal sphincterotomy in the surgical management of chronic anal fissure","volume":"13","author":"Mousavi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01647999","article-title":"Anal sphincter function after treatment of fissure-in-ano by lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy versus anal dilatation. A randomized study. Int. J Colorectal Dis","volume":"2","author":"Olsen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0020|cit20","first-page":"69","article-title":"Unilateral versus bilateral lateral internal sphincterotomy: a randomized controlled trial for chronic anal fissure in ano","volume":"31","author":"Pujahari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tropical Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ram E Vishne T Lerner I Dreznik Z Anal dilation versus left lateral sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: a prospective randomized study Tech Coloproctology 2007","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-007-0373-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-007-9162-7","article-title":"Clinical, manometric, and ultrasonographic results of pneumatic balloondilatation vs. lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.","volume":"51","author":"Renzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0023|cit23","first-page":"613","article-title":"Surgical treatment of chronic fissure-in-ano: a prospective randomized study. East Afr. Med J","volume":"69","author":"Saad","year":"1992","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190,206","DOI":"10.3736\/jcim20050306","article-title":"Prospective randomized trial of optimum anal canal release treatment for chronic anal fissure","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Chinese Integr. Med"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02556488","article-title":"Manual dilatation of the anus vs lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic fissure in ano. Results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Dis. Colon & Rectum","volume":"30","author":"Weaver","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0530-2","article-title":"Open vs. Closed lateral internal sphincterotomy for idiopathic fissure-in-ano: a prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"Wiley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dis. Colon & Rectum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2009.03.006","article-title":"Comparison of controlled-intermittent anal dilatation and lateral internal sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic anal fissures: a prospective randomized study","volume":"7","author":"Yucel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Internation Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02587197","article-title":"Surgical correction of chronic anal fissure: results of lateral internal sphincterotomy vs. Fissurectomy -- midline sphincterotomy. Dis Colon & Rectum","volume":"23","author":"Abcarian","year":"1980","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.15537\/1658-3175.1361","article-title":"Surgical treatment of analfissures under local anaesthesia","volume":"22","author":"Al-Raymoony","year":"2001","journal-title":"Saudi Med. J"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0030|cit30","first-page":"43","article-title":"Trattamento chirurgico della","volume":"17","author":"Barisone","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chirurgia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0031|cit31","first-page":"365","article-title":"Anal fissure: comparative study of various lines of treatment in 125 cases. J Egypt. Med Assoc","volume":"57","author":"Bekheit","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Egypt Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0032|cit32","unstructured":"Bouchard D Souffran M Devulder F Ganansia R Castinel A Staumont G Sudaca J Soudan D Pigot F Guvot P Abramowitz L Diseases of the colon and rectum conference: annual meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, ASCRS Minneapolis, MN United States Conference publication 2010"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0867-6","article-title":"Controlled lateral sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure","volume":"48","author":"Cho","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dis. Colon & Rectum"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1979.tb125755.x","article-title":"Comparison of lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy with anal dilation in the treatment of fissure in ano","volume":"2","author":"Collopy","year":"1979","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0035|cit35","first-page":"37","article-title":"Selection of the most effective method of lateral subcutaneous sphincterotomy in the treatment of fissure in ano. Vestn Khir","volume":"136","author":"Ektov","year":"1986","journal-title":"Vestn Khir"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02054061","article-title":"Open vs closed sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: long term results. Dis. Colon & Rectum","volume":"39","author":"Garcia-Aguilar","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0037|cit37","first-page":"126","article-title":"Treatment of anal fissure: a comparison of three different forms of therapy. Nippon Hokan","volume":"58","author":"Giebel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nippon Hokan"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-007-9096-1","article-title":"Effects of warm water sitz bath on symptoms of post-anal aphincterotomy in chronic anal fissure - a randomized and controlled study","volume":"31","author":"Gupta","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2006.03838.x","article-title":"Randomized controlled study comparing sitz bath and no sitz bath treatments with acute anal fissure","volume":"76","author":"Gupta","year":"2006","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00053-009-0003-0","article-title":"Fissurectomy versus fissurectomy and lateral internal sphincterotomy for idiopathic chronic fissure in ano. A prospective, randomized trial 5 years postoperatively","volume":"31","author":"Hancke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Coloproctology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800561212","article-title":"The treatment of chronic fissure in ano; a trial of methods. Br J Surg","volume":"56","author":"Hawley","year":"1969","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5724.673","article-title":"Lateral subcutaneous internal sphincterotomy in treatment of anal fissure. Br Med J","volume":"3","author":"Hoffman","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02564886","article-title":"Long term results of open and closed sphincterotomy for anal fissure. Dis. Colon & Rectum","volume":"31","author":"Lewis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0044|cit44","first-page":"164","article-title":"A comparative sutdy in anal fissure treatment","volume":"47","author":"Oueidat","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Med. Libanaise"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02257799","article-title":"Reappraisal of partial lateral internal sphincterotomy. Dis. Colon & Rectum","volume":"37","author":"Pernikoff","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S1479-666X(04)80005-2","article-title":"Faecal incontinence in patients with anal fissure: a consequence of internal sphincterotomy or a feature of the condition?","volume":"2","author":"Ammari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0914-3","article-title":"Incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy: Are we underestimating it?","volume":"48","author":"Casillas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dis. Colon & Rectum"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0048|cit48","volume-title":"Surgery of the Rectum, Anus & Colon","author":"Goligher","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-003-0002-0","article-title":"Incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy: a prospective study and quality of life assessment","volume":"47","author":"Hyman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dis. Colon & Rectum"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-006-0527-0","article-title":"Results of lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure with particular reference to quality of life.","volume":"49","author":"Mentes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02235041","article-title":"Meta-analysis of operative techniques for fissure-in-ano","volume":"42","author":"Nelson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858","article-title":"Non-surgical therapy for anal fissure","author":"Nelson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0780-z","article-title":"Pneumatic balloon dilation for chronic anal fissure: a prosepctive clinical endosonographic and manometric study","volume":"48","author":"Renzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dis. Colon & Rectum"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-005-0208-3","article-title":"Long-term assessment of fecal incontinence after lateral interanl sphincterotomy","volume":"9","author":"Rotholtz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tech. Coloproctology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02054409","article-title":"Relationship between anal pressure and anodermal blood flow","volume":"37","author":"Schouten","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T14:32:40Z","timestamp":1789655560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD002199.pub4"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Colorectal Cancer Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,9]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd002199.pub4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,9]]}}}