{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T21:44:58Z","timestamp":1775166298398,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd002785","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588636800000}}],"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd002785.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]],"date-time":"2020-05-05T08:12:37Z","timestamp":1588666357000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Chelation therapy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Maria Vanessa","family":"Villarruz-Sulit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asia-Pacific Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare; Ermita, Manila Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Forster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio L","family":"Dans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Adult Medicine, College of Medicine; University of the Philippines; Ermita Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flordeliza N","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department; Montefiore Westchester Square Campus; New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis V","family":"Sulit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine; Cardinal Santos Medical Center; San Juan City, Metro Manila Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","first-page":"625","article-title":"Disodium-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) has no effect on blood lipids in atherosclerotic patients. A randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"40","author":"Guldager","year":"1993","journal-title":"Danish Medical Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1992.tb00533.x","article-title":"EDTA treatment of intermittent claudication - a double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"231","author":"Guldager","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","first-page":"1618","article-title":"EDTA versus placebo treatment in intermittent claudication. A double-blind randomized trial","volume":"154","author":"Guldager","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ugeskrift for Laeger"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/42.12.1938","article-title":"Metal excretion and magnesium retention in patients with intermittent claudication treated with intravenous disodium EDTA","volume":"42","author":"Guldager","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(91)90172-A","article-title":"Arteriographic findings in EDTA chelation therapy on peripheral arteriosclerosis","volume":"162","author":"Sloth-Nielsen","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02770-5","article-title":"Effect of chelation therapy on endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease: PATCH substudy","volume":"41","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.4.481","article-title":"Chelation therapy for ischemic heart disease: a randomized trial","volume":"287","author":"Knudston","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","first-page":"173","article-title":"A pilot double-blind study of sodium magnesium EDTA in peripheral vascular disease","volume":"82","author":"Olszewer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of the National Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","first-page":"A10466","article-title":"Post-myocardial infarction treatment with edetate disodium was safe in the trial to assess chelation therapy","volume":"132 (Suppl 3)","author":"Drisko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","first-page":"15","article-title":"The effect of an EDTA-based chelation regimen on patients with diabetes mellitus and prior myocardial infarction in the Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT)","volume":"7","author":"Escolar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes"},{"issue":"22 Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","first-page":"A11546","article-title":"Clinical benefit of EDTA chelation therapy in patients with diabetes in the trial to assess chelation therapy (TACT)","volume":"128","author":"Escolar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2017.09.002","article-title":"Effect of high-dose oral multivitamins and minerals in participants not treated with statins in the randomized Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT)","volume":"195","author":"Issa","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2014.02.012","article-title":"EDTA chelation therapy alone and in combination with oral high-dose multivitamins and minerals for coronary disease: the factorial group results of the Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy","volume":"168","author":"Lamas","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","first-page":"A2","article-title":"Oral high-dose multivitamins and minerals alone and in combination with chelation therapy for coronary disease: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"20","author":"Lamas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","first-page":"2778","article-title":"Results of the trial to assess chelation therapy","volume":"126","author":"Lamas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","first-page":"A18819","article-title":"Clinical benefit of chelation therapy in post-MI patients with diabetes and peripheral artery disease","volume":"130","author":"Lamas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A16630","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.130.suppl_2.18819","article-title":"Graded benefit of EDTA chelation in post-MI patients with diabetes treated with different hypoglycemic strategies","volume":"130","author":"Lamas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2011.10.002","article-title":"Design of the Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT)","volume":"163","author":"Lamas","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","first-page":"A2","article-title":"Disodium EDTA chelation for post myocardial infarction patients","volume":"20","author":"Lamas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamas GA Goertz C Boineau R Mark DB Rozema T Nahin RL Effect of disodium EDTA chelation regimen on cardiovascular events in patients with previous myocardial infarction: the TACT randomized trial Journal of the American Medical Association 2013 309 12 1241 50","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.2107"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","first-page":"A10476","article-title":"Effect of high-dose oral multi-vitamins and minerals in patients not treated with statins in the trial to assess chelation therapy","volume":"132 (Suppl 3)","author":"Lamas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","first-page":"A11054","article-title":"Clinical benefit of EDTA-based chelation therapy and high-dose oral multivitamins and multiminerals in TACT-an expanded comparison of 2 factorial groups","volume":"128 (Suppl 22)","author":"Lamas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12 Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A1565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(14)61568-0","article-title":"Differential outcomes with chelation therapy among patients with anterior versus non-anterior myocardial infarction: a TACT substudy","volume":"63","author":"Lewis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","first-page":"2779","article-title":"Quality of life outcomes in the trial to assess chelation therapy (TACT)","volume":"126","author":"Mark","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2019.04.005","article-title":"The effect of EDTA-based chelation on patients with diabetes and peripheral artery disease in the Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT)","volume":"33","author":"Ujueta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes and its Complications"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","unstructured":"van Rij A Soloman C Packer S Hopkins W Chelation therapy for intermittent claudication: a double-blind randomised controlled trial New Zealand Medical Journal 1998 111 17"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.3.1194","article-title":"Chelation therapy for intermittent claudication: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"90","author":"Rij","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","unstructured":"Chelation therapy in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia (TACT-PAD) clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03424746"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","unstructured":"Trial to assess chelation therapy 2 (TACT2) clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02733185"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","unstructured":"Trial to assess chelation therapy in critical limb ischemia (TACT3a) clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03982693"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02770-5","article-title":"Effect of chelation therapy on endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease: PATCH substudy","volume":"41","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0000000000000096","article-title":"Chelation therapy after the trial to assess chelation therapy: results of a unique trial","volume":"29","author":"Avila","year":"2014","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Cardiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","first-page":"22","article-title":"Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. A review","volume":"2","author":"Aziz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medical & Clinical Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","first-page":"25","article-title":"Pathogenetic aspects of atherosclerosis","volume":"46","author":"Bakic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Medica Medianae"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence","volume":"64","author":"Balshem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","first-page":"131","article-title":"EDTA chelation treatment for vascular disease: a meta-analysis using unpublished data","volume":"7","author":"Chappel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Advancement in Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-195502000-00004","article-title":"The \"in vivo\" dissolution of metastatic calcium. An approach to atherosclerosis","volume":"229","author":"Clarke","year":"1955","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-195612000-00006","article-title":"Treatment of angina pectoris with disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid","volume":"232","author":"Clarke","year":"1956","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(60)90309-X","article-title":"Atherosclerosis, occlusive vascular disease and EDTA","volume":"6","author":"Clarke","year":"1960","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.3.1031","article-title":"Chelation therapy for peripheral arterial occlusive disease: a systematic review","volume":"96","author":"Ernst","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","volume-title":"The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire","author":"Goldberg","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","unstructured":"McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime) GRADEpro GDT"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","unstructured":"Green S Chelation Therapy: unproven claims and unsound theories Nutrition Forum 1993"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","first-page":"625","article-title":"Disodium-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) has no effect on blood lipids in atherosclerotic patients. A randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"40","author":"Guldager","year":"1993","journal-title":"Danish Medical Bulletin"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/42.12.1938","article-title":"Metal excretion and magnesium retention in patients with intermittent claudication treated with intravenous disodium EDTA","volume":"42","author":"Guldager","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X9700200316","article-title":"Current and future drug therapies for claudication","volume":"2","author":"Hiatt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vascular Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","unstructured":"Higgins JP Green S Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from handbook.cochrane.org"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90496-7","article-title":"A brief self-administered questionnaire to determine functional capacity (the Duke Activity Status Index)","volume":"64","author":"Hlatky","year":"1989","journal-title":"Amercian Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17018-9","article-title":"Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study","volume":"364","author":"Yusuf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","unstructured":"Lefebvre C Manheimer E Glanville J Chapter 6: Searching for studies. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from handbook.cochrane.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","volume-title":"Manual for the profile of mood states","author":"McNair","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","volume-title":"Metal-Binding in Medicine, edited by Seven MJ","author":"Meltzer","year":"1960"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","volume-title":"Life in New Zealand Commission Report I: Executive Overview","author":"Russell","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"doi:10.1.1186\/1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-5-32","article-title":"EDTA chelation therapy for cardiovascular disease: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Seely","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2013.176","article-title":"A TACTful reappraisal of chelation therapy in cardiovascular disease","volume":"11","author":"Sidhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Cardiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(91)90172-A","article-title":"Arteriographic findings in EDTA chelation therapy on peripheral arteriosclerosis","volume":"162","author":"Sloth-Nielsen","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00397-9","article-title":"Development and evaluation of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire: a new functional status measure for coronary artery disease","volume":"25","author":"Spertus","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2019.04.005","article-title":"The effect of EDTA-based chelation on patients with diabetes and peripheral artery disease in the Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT)","volume":"33","author":"Ujueta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes and its Complications"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0059|cit59","volume-title":"Everything you should know about chelation therapy","author":"Walker","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0060|cit60","volume-title":"SF-36 Physical and Mental Health Summary Scales: a user's manual.","author":"Ware Jr","year":"1994"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0061|cit61","first-page":"793","article-title":"Mobilization of atherosclerotic plaque calcium with EDTA utilizing the isolation-perfusion principle","volume":"52","author":"Wilder","year":"1962","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002785","article-title":"Chelation therapy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","author":"Dans","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,23]],"date-time":"2022-10-23T02:49:42Z","timestamp":1666493382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD002785.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Vascular Group","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]},"references-count":62,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd002785.pub2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,5]]}}}