{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T05:45:34Z","timestamp":1771652734351,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd003233","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,16]],"date-time":"2008-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1216166400000}}],"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd003233.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,30]],"date-time":"2008-06-30T11:24:52Z","timestamp":1214825092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Immunosuppressive treatment for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Norbert","family":"Braun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HELIOS Kliniken Schwerin; Department of Nephrology and Dialysis; Wismarsche Stra\u00dfe 393-397 Schwerin Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Germany 19055"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Schmutzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital T\u00fcbingen; Sektion Nieren- und Hochdruckkrankheiten; Otfried-M\u00fcller-Str. 10 T\u00fcbingen Germany 72076"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catalina","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helios Kliniken Schwerin; Nephrology and Dialysis; Wismarsche Stra\u00c3\u00bfe 393 - 397 Schwerin Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Germany 19055"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Perna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mario Negri; Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche; Via Camozzi Ranica BG Italy 24020"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Remuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research; Negri Bergamo Laboratories; Via Gauazzeni, 11 Bergamo Italy 24125"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narelle S","family":"Willis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children's Hospital at Westmead; Cochrane Renal Group; Centre for Kidney Research Locked Bag 4001 Westmead NSW Australia 2145"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","first-page":"190","article-title":"Comparison of pulse methylprednisolone vs cyclosporin based therapy in steroid resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis [abstract]","volume":"12","author":"Bhamik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Nephrology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00778.x","article-title":"A randomized trial of cyclosporine in patients with steroid-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"56","author":"Cattran","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kidney International"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","first-page":"571","article-title":"Controlled study of treatment of steroids and chlorambucil, in alternate months, for membranous nephropathy and focal glomerulosclerosis. Preliminary evaluation of the results","volume":"27","author":"Imbasciati","year":"1980","journal-title":"Minerva Nefrologica"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1993.194","article-title":"A randomized trial of cyclosporine in steroid-resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Ponticelli","year":"1993","journal-title":"Kidney International"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.08.011","article-title":"Mycophenolate Mofetil and Prednisolone therapy in children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Bagga","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","first-page":"306","article-title":"Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adult African Americans","volume":"46","author":"Bakir","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clinical Nephrology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","first-page":"53","article-title":"The impact of prolonged immunosuppression on the outcome of idiopathic focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis with nephrotic syndrome in adults. A collaborative retrospective study","volume":"36","author":"Banfi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clinical Nephrology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1159\/000181374","article-title":"Focal glomerulosclerosis: natural history and treatment. A report of 70 cases","volume":"21","author":"Beaufils","year":"1978","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(77)90350-3","article-title":"Therapy of the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome with alternate day steroids","volume":"62","author":"Bolton","year":"1977","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02549856","article-title":"Focal sclerosing glomerulopathy. Risk factors of progression and optimal mode of treatment","volume":"23","author":"Chan","year":"1991","journal-title":"International Urology & Nephrology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9629(15)40759-1","article-title":"Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in African Americans: Effects of steroids and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors","volume":"319","author":"Crenshaw","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V991709","article-title":"Antihuman immunoglobulin affinity immunoadsorption strongly decreases proteinuria in patients with relapsing nephrotic syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Dantal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","unstructured":"Dudar I Kolesnik N Velichko M Vinnicova L The result of pulse dose cyclophosphamide and ACE-inhibitor of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis\/hyalinosis (FSGS\/G) of patients with glomerulonephritis [abstract] 41st Congress. European Renal Association. European Dialysis and Transplantation Association; 2004 May 15-18; Lisbon (Portugal) 2004 39 40"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.3109\/08860229509037637","article-title":"Long-term cyclosporin A treatment in adults with refractory nephrotic syndrome","volume":"17","author":"El-Reshaid","year":"1995","journal-title":"Renal Failure"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","first-page":"C115","article-title":"Long term pulse methylprednisolone infusion therapy in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis [abstract]","volume":"16","author":"Emre","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatric Nephrology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1988.02150090083029","article-title":"Cyclosporine therapy for steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. A controlled study","volume":"142","author":"Garin","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Diseases of Children"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","first-page":"c75","article-title":"Immunosuppressive treatment of idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a five-year follow-up study","volume":"104","author":"Goumenos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP65461","article-title":"Prednisone\/cyclophosphamide treatment in adult-onset autosomal dominant familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS 1)","volume":"65","author":"Grcevska","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Nephrology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","first-page":"141","article-title":"Intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide - a new regime for steroid resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"37","author":"Gulati","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.09.027","article-title":"Cyclosporine A and chlorambucil in the treatment of idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"43","author":"Heering","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","first-page":"156","article-title":"Long-term ciclosporine A treatment in adults with minimal change nephrotic syndrome or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"44","author":"Ittel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clinical Nephrology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","first-page":"375","article-title":"The efficacy of cyclosporine A in adult nephrotic syndrome with minimal change disease and focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis: a multicenter study in Korea","volume":"43","author":"Lee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clinical Nephrology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V7156","article-title":"A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of Cyclosporine in steroid-resistant idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children","volume":"7","author":"Lieberman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-005-1877-x","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil in steroid\/cyclosporine-dependent\/resistant nephrotic syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Mendiz\u00e1bal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatric Nephrology"},{"issue":"6523","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.292.6523.789","article-title":"Remission of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome after treatment with cyclosporin A","volume":"292","author":"Meyrier","year":"1986","journal-title":"British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000168042","article-title":"Ciclosporin in the treatment of nephrosis. Minimal change disease and focal-segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"9 Suppl 1","author":"Meyrier","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Journal of Nephrology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.189","article-title":"Long-term renal tolerance of cyclosporin A treatment in adult idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Collaborative Group of the Societe de Nephrologie","volume":"45","author":"Meyrier","year":"1994","journal-title":"Kidney International"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","first-page":"1345","article-title":"Treatment of recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with high-dose cyclosporine A and plasmapheresis","volume":"25","author":"Mowry","year":"1993","journal-title":"Transplantation Proceedings"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","first-page":"18","article-title":"Steroid therapy and prognosis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the elderly","volume":"42","author":"Nagai","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical Nephrology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90155-0","article-title":"Evidence suggesting under-treatment in adults with idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Regional Glomerulonephritis Registry Study","volume":"82","author":"Pei","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(99)70384-7","article-title":"Can prolonged treatment improve the prognosis in adults with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis?","volume":"34","author":"Ponticelli","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2004.03.028","article-title":"High-dose oral cyclosporin therapy for recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children","volume":"44","author":"Raafat","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-6386(95)90120-5","article-title":"Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis in adults: presentation, course and response to treatment","volume":"25","author":"Rydel","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050167","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide does not benefit patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Tarshish","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatric Nephrology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1159\/000185830","article-title":"The effect of treatment of corticosteroid-resistant idiopathic (primary) focal and segmental hyalinosis and sclerosis (focal glomerulosclerosis) with ciclosporin","volume":"54","author":"Walker","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","first-page":"813","article-title":"Cyclosporin A treatment of 83 children with nephrotic syndrome of different pathological types","volume":"41","author":"Xia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Zhonghua Erke Zazhi"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","unstructured":"Chan D Mycophenolate mofetil in membranous nephropathy and focal segmental ClinicalTrials.Gov, National Institutes of Health [http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov] 2003"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","unstructured":"Friedman A Gassmann J Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis clinical trial (FSGS-CT) ClinicalTrials.Gov, National Institutes of Health [http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov] 2004"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","unstructured":"Liu Z Tacrolimus treatment of patients with idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ClinicalTrials.Gov, National Institutes of Health [http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov] 2006"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","unstructured":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Pulse dexamethasone over 48 weeks for podocyte disease ClinicalTrials.Gov, National Institutes of Health [http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov] 2003"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","unstructured":"Trachtman H Gipson D Greene T Pilot studies of novel therapies to treat resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) ClinicalTrials.Gov, National Institutes of Health [http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov] 2005"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","volume-title":"Die Niere","author":"Bohle","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.07004.x","article-title":"Management of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: evidence based recommendations","volume":"70","author":"Burgess","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kidney International - Supplement"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1159\/000168656","article-title":"Therapy of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in adults. A conservative or aggressive therapeutic approach?","volume":"13","author":"Glassock","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","first-page":"231","article-title":"Focal and segmental proliferative glomerulonephritis, focal and segmental hyalinosis and sclerosis, and focal sclerosis in the adult","volume-title":"Glomerulonephritis","author":"Kincaid-Smith","year":"1978"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80128-4","article-title":"Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: clinical course and response to therapy","volume":"23","author":"Korbet","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Kidney Diseases"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/14.suppl_3.74","article-title":"Treatment of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"14 Suppl 3","author":"Meyrier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(88)80570-5","article-title":"Predicting the response to cytotoxic therapy for childhood nephrotic syndrome: Superiority of response to corticosteroid therapy over histopathologic patterns","volume":"133","author":"Schulman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000160","article-title":"Clinical and pathologic characteristics of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis pathologic variants","volume":"69","author":"Thomas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney International"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","first-page":"84","article-title":"Intravenous methylprednisolone and oral alkylating agent therapy of prednisone-resistant pediatric focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a long-term follow-up","volume":"43","author":"Tune","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clinical Nephrology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1996.493","article-title":"Idiopathic collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a clinicopathologic study","volume":"50","author":"Valeri","year":"1996","journal-title":"Kidney International"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","first-page":"568","article-title":"Significance of proteinuria on the outcome of renal function in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"58","author":"Velosa","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","first-page":"S48","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of cyclosporin A (Sandimmun) in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome","volume":"35 Suppl 1","author":"Graffenried","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clinical Nephrology"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd003233.pub3","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646006400000}}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]],"date-time":"2021-09-12T19:30:55Z","timestamp":1631475055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,16]]},"references-count":53,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd003233.pub2","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003233.pub3","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,16]]}}}