{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T03:32:43Z","timestamp":1778902363835,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"Chichester, UK","reference-count":55,"publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd003449.pub4","type":"reference-entry","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]],"date-time":"2013-07-05T07:53:22Z","timestamp":1373010802000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Treatment of vaginal bleeding irregularities induced by progestin only contraceptives"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Hany","family":"Abdel-Aleem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"d'Arcangues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsten M","family":"Vogelsong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Lyn","family":"Gaffield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A Metin","family":"G\u00fclmezoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB1|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.05.015","article-title":"Tamoxifen treatment of bleeding irregularities associated with Norplant use","volume":"72","author":"Abdel-Aleem","year":"2005","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB2|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2012.01.003","article-title":"Doxycycline in the treatment of bleeding with DMPA: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial","volume":"86","author":"Abdel-Aleem","year":"2012","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB3|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70326-5","article-title":"Hormonal treatment for bleeding irregularities in Norplant implant users","volume":"174","author":"Alvarez-Sanchez","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB4|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2008.04.003","article-title":"Effects of ethinyl estradiol and ibuprofen compared to placebo on endometrial bleeding, cervical mucus and the postcoital test in Levonorgestrel subcutaneous implant users.","volume":"78","author":"Archer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB5|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/11.suppl_2.115","article-title":"The effect of transdermal oestradiol on bleeding pattern, hormonal profiles and sex steroid receptor distribution in the endometrium of Norplant users","volume":"11","author":"Boonkasemsanti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB6|cit6","first-page":"301","article-title":"Efficacy of Celecoxib on controlling irregular uterine bleeding secondary to Jadelle use","volume":"92","author":"Buasang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB7|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.9.1969","article-title":"Once a month administration of mifepristone improves bleeding patterns in women using subdermal contraceptive implants releasing levonorgestrel","volume":"15","author":"Cheng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB8|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2004.05.012","article-title":"Effectiveness and acceptability of vitamin E and low-dose aspirin, alone or in combination, in Norplant-induced prolonged bleeding","volume":"70","author":"d'Arcangues","year":"2004","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB9|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2010.04.003","article-title":"Vaginal estrogen supplementation during Depo-Provera initiation: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"82","author":"Dempsey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB10|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(90)90094-C","article-title":"Clinical assessment of treatments for prolonged bleeding in users of Norplant implants","volume":"42","author":"Diaz","year":"1990","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB11|cit11","first-page":"51","article-title":"Effect of supplementary oral estrogen on long-acting injectable progestogen contraception","volume":"35","author":"El-Habashy","year":"1970","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB12|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.10.2588","article-title":"Improving cycle control in progestogen -only contraceptive pill users by intermittent treatment with a new anti-progestogen","volume":"17","author":"Gemzell-Danielsson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB13|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(02)00391-8","article-title":"Post-abortion depot medroxyprogesterone acetate continuation rates: a randomized trial of cyclic estradiol","volume":"66","author":"Goldberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB14|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-3188(02)00148-1","article-title":"Supplementation with vitamin C and\/or vitamin B6 in the prevention of Depo-Provera side effects in adolescents.","volume":"15","author":"Harel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB15|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-128X(03)00132-6","article-title":"Mifepristone for the prevention of breakthrough bleeding in new starters of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate","volume":"68","author":"Jain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB16|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(82)90015-4","article-title":"Endometrial morphology and peripheral steroid levels in women with and without intermenstrual bleeding during contraception with 300 mcg Norethisterone (NET) Minipill","volume":"25","author":"Johannisson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB17|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(99)00059-1","article-title":"The effect of mefenamic acid on controlling irregular uterine bleeding secondary to Norplant use","volume":"60","author":"Kaewrudee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB18|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129.e 1-8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.09.021","article-title":"Naproxen or estradiol for bleeding and spotting with the levonorgestrel intrauterine system: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"206","author":"Madden","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB19|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2004.02.009","article-title":"Effect of intermittent treatment with mifepristone on bleeding patterns in Norplant implant users","volume":"70","author":"Massai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB20|cit20","first-page":"721","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of a ventonic capillary protector in the treatment of metrorrhagia due to IUD or micropill contraception","volume":"13","author":"Monteil-Seurin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Contraception-fertilit\u00e9-sexualit\u00e9"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB21|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.09.013","article-title":"Efficacy of a selective COX-2 inhibitor for controlling irregular uterine bleeding in DMPA users","volume":"73","author":"Nathirojanakun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB22|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(80)90111-0","article-title":"The use of Quinesterol for the control of vaginal bleeding irregularities caused by DMPA","volume":"22","author":"Parker","year":"1980","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB23|cit23","first-page":"S64","article-title":"The effect of Mefenamic acid on controlling irregular uterine bleeding second to Implanon use.","volume":"87(Suppl 3)","author":"Phaliwong","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB24|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.09.012","article-title":"The effect of tranexamic acid for treatment of irregular uterine bleeding secondary to Norplant use","volume":"73","author":"Phupong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB25|cit25","first-page":"CR420","article-title":"Low-dose oral contraceptive to re-induce menstrual bleeding in amenorrheic women on DMPA treatment: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Sadeghi-Bazargani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB26|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/11.suppl_2.1","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of ethinyl oestradiol and oestrone sulphate on prolonged bleeding in women using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception","volume":"11","author":"Said","year":"1996","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB27|cit27","first-page":"461","article-title":"The effect of Tranexamic acid for treatment irregular uterine bleeding secondary to DMPA use","volume":"92","author":"Senthong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB28|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(00)00208-0","article-title":"Benefits of vitamin E supplementation to Norplant users - in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"148","author":"Subakir","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB29|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2004.04.003","article-title":"Effect of mefenamic acid on controlling irregular uterine bleeding in DMPA users","volume":"70","author":"Tantiwattanakul","year":"2004","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB30|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep377","article-title":"Randomized placebo-controlled trial of CDB-2914 in new users of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system shows only short-lived amelioration of unscheduled bleeding","volume":"25","author":"Warner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB31|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295-302","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei273","article-title":"A pilot study to assess the effect of three short-term treatments on frequent and\/or prolonged bleeding compared to placebo in women using Implanon","volume":"21","author":"Weisberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB32|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep081","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of treatment options for troublesome uterine bleeding in Implanon users","volume":"24","author":"Weisberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB33|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/11.suppl_2.109","article-title":"Oestrogen treatment for increased bleeding in Norplant users: preliminary results","volume":"11","author":"Witjaksono","year":"1996","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB34|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/11.suppl_2.24","article-title":"Management of irregular uterine bleeding and spotting associated with Norplant","volume":"11","author":"Archer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB35|cit35","first-page":"1334","article-title":"(Estrogen-gestagen therapy with hormonally induced uterine bleeding.11.Therapeutic use of Klimovan)","volume":"20","author":"Cseffalvay","year":"1965","journal-title":"Deutsche gesundheitswesen"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB36|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.suppl_3.24","article-title":"Management of vaginal bleeding irregularities induced by progestin-only contraceptives","volume":"15","author":"d'Arcangues","year":"2000","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB37|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)02997-1","article-title":"Administration of antiprogesterone up-regulates estrogen receptors in the endometrium of women using norplant: a pilot study","volume":"77","author":"Glasier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB38|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(97)00203-5","article-title":"Effectiveness of cyclofem in the treatment of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate induced amenorrhea","volume":"57","author":"Piya-Anant","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB39|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02340185","article-title":"A study of bleeding patterns with two injectable contraceptives given postpartum and the effect of two non-hormonal treatments","volume":"7","author":"Sapire","year":"1991","journal-title":"Advances in Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB40|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4103\/1596-3519.91013","article-title":"Progestogen-only injectable contraceptive: experience of women in Osogbo, southwestern Nigeria","volume":"11","author":"Adeyemi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med\u00a0"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB41|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99s","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(98)00123-1","article-title":"An integrated analysis of vaginal bleeding patterns in clinical trials of Implanon","volume":"58","author":"Affandi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB42|cit42","first-page":"81","article-title":"Dysfunctional uterine bleeding induced by exogenous hormones","volume-title":"Steroid hormones and uterine bleeding","author":"d'Arcangues","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB43|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(95)00012-Y","article-title":"Vaginal bleeding patterns of women using different contraceptive methods (implants, injectables, IUDs, oral pills) - an Indian experience. An ICMR Task Force Study. Indian Council of Medical Research","volume":"51","author":"Datey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB44|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/11.suppl_2.14","article-title":"Menstrual bleeding patterns in Chinese women using the Norplant subdermal implant","volume":"11","author":"Fan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB45|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(83)90040-9","article-title":"A survey of different approaches to management of menstrual disturbances in women using injectable contraceptives","volume":"28","author":"Fraser","year":"1983","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB46|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(97)00200-X","article-title":"Norplant consensus statement and background review","volume":"57","author":"Fraser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB47|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00029-6","article-title":"Chronic antiprogestin therapy produces a stable atrophic endometrium with decreased fibroplast growth factor: a 1-year primate study in contraception and amenorrhea","volume":"69","author":"Grow","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB48|cit48","first-page":"598","article-title":"Free radical, antioxidants and human disease: where are we now?","volume":"119","author":"Halliwell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB49|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2217\/whe.11.9","article-title":"Tranexamic acid: a novel oral formulation for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding","volume":"7","author":"Lukes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Womens Health (Lond Engl)."},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB50|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.3109\/01443619409027641","article-title":"A review of \"once-a-month\" combined injectable contraceptives","volume":"4","author":"Newton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB51|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006553526927","article-title":"Treatment of bleeding problems associated with progestin-only contraceptives: survey results","volume":"13","author":"Nutley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Advances in Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB52|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(87)80019-7","article-title":"A multicentered phase III comparative clinical trial of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate given three-monthly at doses of 100 mg or 150 mg: II. The comparison of bleeding patterns","volume":"35","author":"Said","year":"1987","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB53|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(84)90034-9","article-title":"Effect of levonorgestrel contraceptive implants, Norplant, on blood coagulation","volume":"30","author":"Shaaban","year":"1984","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB54|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(96)00189-8","article-title":"Detailed analysis of menstrual bleeding patterns after postmenstrual and postabortion insertion of a copper IUD or a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system","volume":"54","author":"Suvisaari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4-BIB55|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(88)90103-5","article-title":"The effects of Norplant on clinical chemistry in Singaporean acceptors after 1 year of use: I. Haemostatic changes","volume":"38","author":"Viegas","year":"1988","journal-title":"Contraception"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/cdsr\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4\/epdf\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T21:20:49Z","timestamp":1628544049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003449.pub4"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hany","family":"Abdel-Aleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,2]]},"references-count":55,"aliases":["10.1002\/14651858.cd003449.pub5"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd003449.pub4","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,2]]}}}