{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:42:47Z","timestamp":1791268967453,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd004115","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,20]],"date-time":"2010-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1263945600000}}],"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Wiley","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd004115.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,18]],"date-time":"2010-01-18T15:59:02Z","timestamp":1263830342000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Rectal 5-aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"John K","family":"Marshall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University; Division of Gastroenterology; 1200 Main Street 2F59 Hamilton Ontario Canada L8N 3Z5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marroon","family":"Thabane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University; Division of Gastroenterology; 1200 Main Street 2F59 Hamilton Ontario Canada L8N 3Z5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A Hillary","family":"Steinhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto; Department of Medicine; Room 445, 600 University Avenue Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 1X5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie R","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McMaster University; Medicine; 1200 Main Street West McMaster University Medical Center Hamilton Ontario Canada HSC 4W8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anju","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Michael's Hospital; Medicine; 30 Bond Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 2G4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E Jan","family":"Irvine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto and St. Michael's Hospital; Division of Gastroenterology; 30 Bond St Toronto ON Canada M5B 1W8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4 Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","first-page":"T1137","article-title":"A novel high dose 1g mesalamine suppository (Salofalk) is as efficacious as 500mg TID suppositories in mild to moderate active ulcerative proctitis: A multicenter, randomized trial","volume":"134","author":"Andus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296159","article-title":"Topical 5-aminosalicylic acid versus prednisolone in ulcerative proctosigmoiditis. A randomized, double-blind multicenter trial. Danish 5-ASA Group","volume":"32","author":"Anonymous","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","first-page":"677","article-title":"Mesalazine foam (Salofalk foam) in the treatment of active distal ulcerative colitis. A comparative trial vs Salofalk enema. The SAF-3 study group","volume":"31","author":"Ardizzone","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","first-page":"910","article-title":"5-Aminosalicylic acid or sulphasalizine retention enemas in distal ulcerative colitis. A randomized therapeutic trial","volume":"42","author":"Basilisco","year":"1987","journal-title":"Curr Ther Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","first-page":"736","article-title":"Low Pentasa dosage versus hydrocortisone in the topical treatment of active ulcerative colitis: a randomized, double-blind study","volume":"90","author":"Bianchi-Porro","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.01.012","article-title":"Beclomethasone dipropionate versus mesalazine in distal ulcerative colitis: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind study","volume":"39","author":"Biancone","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1159\/000199034","article-title":"A double-blind clinical trial to compare the effects of 4-aminosalicylic acid to 5-aminosalicylic acid in topical treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"29","author":"Campieri","year":"1984","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198808000-00012","article-title":"5-Aminosalicylic acid as enemas or suppositories in distal ulcerative colitis?","volume":"10","author":"Campieri","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529008997590","article-title":"Mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) suppositories in the treatment of ulcerative proctitis or distal proctosigmoiditis. A randomized controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Campieri","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00298473","article-title":"Topical treatment with 5-aminosalicylic in distal ulcerative colitis by using a new suppository preparation. A double-blind placebo controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Campieri","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","first-page":"41","article-title":"Sulcrafate 5-Aminosalicylic acid and placebo enemas in the treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"3","author":"Campieri","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.8.929","article-title":"Optimum dosage of 5-aminosalicylic acid as rectal enemas in patients with active ulcerative colitis","volume":"32","author":"Campieri","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296108","article-title":"Better quality of therapy with 5-ASA colonic foam in active ulcerative colitis. A multicenter comparative trial with 5-ASA enema","volume":"38","author":"Campieri","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.02152.x","article-title":"Mesalamine foam enema versus mesalamine liquid enema in active left-sided ulcerative colitis","volume":"103","author":"Cortot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03468.x","article-title":"Clinical trial: randomized-controlled clinical study comparing the efficacy and safety of a low-volume vs. a high-volume mesalazine foam in active distal ulcerative colitis","volume":"26","author":"Eliakim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529509093256","article-title":"Mesalazine suppositories versus hydrocortisone foam in patients with distal ulcerative colitis. A comparison of the efficacy and practicality of two topical treatment regimens","volume":"30","author":"Farup","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","first-page":"412","article-title":"5-Aminosalicylic acid enemas in refractory distal ulcerative colitis: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"81","author":"Friedman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1997.00259.x","article-title":"Comparison of mesalazine suppositories in proctitis and distal proctosigmoiditis","volume":"11","author":"Gionchetti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02236902","article-title":"Comparison of oral with rectal mesalazine in the treatment of ulcerative proctitis","volume":"41","author":"Gionchetti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1999.00482.x","article-title":"A new mesalazine gel enema in the treatment of left-sided ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled multicentre trial","volume":"13","author":"Gionchetti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000155124.74548.61","article-title":"Topical treatment of distal active ulcerative colitis with beclomethasone dipropionate or mesalamine: a single-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Gionchetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-199805000-00001","article-title":"Dose-ranging study of mesalamine (PENTASA) enemas in the treatment of acute ulcerative proctosigmoiditis: results of a multicentered placebo-controlled trial. The U.S. PENTASA Enema Study Group","volume":"4","author":"Hanauer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","first-page":"1338","article-title":"A comparison of mesalamine suspension enema and oral sulfasalazine for treatment of active distal ulcerative colitis in adults","volume":"91","author":"Kam","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.2.229","article-title":"A randomised trial comparing mesalazine and prednisolone foam enemas in patients with acute distal ulcerative colitis","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00421.x","article-title":"Comparison of budesonide and 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas in active distal ulcerative colitis","volume":"9","author":"Lemann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01199.x","article-title":"A new mesalazine foam enema (Claversal Foam) compared with a standard liquid enema in patients with active distal ulcerative colitis","volume":"16","author":"Malchow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.02837.x","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of two dose formulations of alicaforsen enema compared with mesalazine enema for treatment of mild to moderate left-sided ulcerative colitis: a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Miner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","first-page":"199","article-title":"Local treatment of ulcerative proctitis with Salicylazosulphapyridine (Salazopyrin) enema","volume":"15","author":"Moller","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Trials J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528809090161","article-title":"Comparison of 5-aminosalicylic acid (3 g) and prednisolone phosphate sodium enemas (30 mg) in the treatment of distal ulcerative colitis. A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial","volume":"23","author":"Mulder","year":"1988","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199606000-00010","article-title":"Beclomethasone dipropionate (3 mg) versus 5-aminosalicylic acid (2 g) versus the combination of both (3 mg\/2 g) as retention enemas in active ulcerative proctitis","volume":"8","author":"Mulder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6276","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.282.6276.1571","article-title":"Sulphasalazine retention enemas in ulcerative colitis: a double-blind trial","volume":"282","author":"Palmer","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2000.00784.x","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of mesalazine foam enema (Salofalk foam) for distal ulcerative colitis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"14","author":"Pokrotnieks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6520","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.292.6520.599","article-title":"A defence of the small clinical trial: evaluation of three gastroenterological studies","volume":"292","author":"Powell-Tuck","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000158386.25660.1e","article-title":"A new oral delivery system for 5-ASA: preliminary clinical findings for MMx","volume":"11","author":"Prantera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","first-page":"1867","article-title":"A double-blind comparison of oral versus rectal mesalamine versus combination therapy in the treatment of distal ulcerative colitis","volume":"92","author":"Safdi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02253492","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acid enemas: a cost-effective alternative in the treatment of nonspecific proctosigmoiditis","volume":"35","author":"Senagore","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90621-4","article-title":"5-Aminosalicylic acid enema in the treatment of distal ulcerative colitis, proctosigmoiditis, and proctitis","volume":"92","author":"Sutherland","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"(12 Suppl)","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71S","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01312468","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of 5-ASA suppositories in active distal proctitis and measurement of extent of spread using 99mTc-labeled 5-ASA suppositories","volume":"32","author":"Williams","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","first-page":"612","article-title":"Refactory distal ulcerative colitis responsive to 5-Aminosalicylate enemas","volume":"80","author":"Barber","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)91237-Z","article-title":"Long-term use of mesalamine enemas to induce remission in ulcerative colitis","volume":"99","author":"Biddle","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","first-page":"17","article-title":"Evaluation of clinical patterns in ulcerative colitis: a long-term follow-up","volume":"17","author":"Bresci","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"8241","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)90523-7","article-title":"Treatment of ulcerative colitis with high-dose 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas","volume":"2","author":"Campieri","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12 Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67S","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01312467","article-title":"Efficacy of 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas versus hydrocortisone enemas in ulcerative colitis","volume":"32","author":"Campieri","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02563691","article-title":"5-Aminosalicylic acid suppositories in the management of ulcerative colitis","volume":"32","author":"Campieri","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","first-page":"430","article-title":"5-Aminosalicylic acid suppositories in long and short term therapy for idiopathic distal proctocolitis in patients intolerant or unresponsive to salazopyrine","volume":"24","author":"D'Arienzo","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clinical Trials"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","first-page":"301","article-title":"Five-aminosalicylic acid enemas in treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"82","author":"Fedotin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mo Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","first-page":"473","article-title":"On the efficacy of ready-made-up commercially available salicylazosulphapyridine enemas in the treatment of proctitis, proctosigmoiditis and ulcerative colitis involving rectum, sigmoid and descending colon","volume":"27","author":"Fruhmorgen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","first-page":"732","article-title":"5-Aminosalicylic acid enemas in refractory distal ulcerative colitis: long-term results","volume":"82","author":"Guarino","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198710000-00009","article-title":"5-ASA enemas for refractory distal ulcerative colitis. An open trial","volume":"9","author":"Kandel","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198012253032602","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of sulfasalazine and its metabolites in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease","volume":"303","author":"Klotz","year":"1980","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1997.126297000.x","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerance of mesalazine suppositories vs. hydrocortisone foam in proctitis","volume":"11","author":"Lucidarme","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.060103","article-title":"Combined oral and enema treatment with Pentasa (mesalazine) is superior to oral therapy alone in patients with extensive mild\/moderate active ulcerative colitis: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study","volume":"54","author":"Marteau","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76S","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01312469","article-title":"Proctocolitis unresponsive to conventional therapy. Response to 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas","volume":"32","author":"McPhee","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(02)80072-X","article-title":"Oral and topical 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) in inducing and maintaining remission in mild-moderate relapse of ulcerative colitis: one-year randomised multicentre trial","volume":"34","author":"Paoluzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.5.676","article-title":"Comparison of bismuth citrate and 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas in distal ulcerative colitis: a controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Pullan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1155\/1990\/314931","article-title":"Efficacy of 5-ASA enemas in the treatment of distal ulcerative colitis","volume":"4","author":"Robinson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6097","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6097.1264","article-title":"Sulphasalazine rectal enemas: topical method of inducing remission of active ulcerative colitis affecting rectum and descending colon","volume":"2","author":"Serebro","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64s","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01312466","article-title":"5-Aminosalicylic acid enema in the treatment of distal ulcerative colitis, proctosigmoiditis, and proctitis in Canada","volume":"32","author":"Sutherland","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0059|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0953-0673.1996.00327.x","article-title":"Distribution of mesalazine enemas in active and quiescent ulcerative colitis","volume":"10","author":"Bodegraven","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.21.7.632","article-title":"Effect of sulphapyridine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, and placebo in patients with idiopathic proctitis: a study to determine the active therapeutic moiety of sulphasalazine","volume":"21","author":"Hees","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1988.tb00668.x","article-title":"Double-blind comparison of 5-aminosalicylic acid and acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid suppositories in patients with idiopathic proctitis","volume":"2","author":"Hogezand","year":"1988","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2001.00913.x","article-title":"Oral versus combination mesalazine therapy in active ulcerative colitis: a double-blind, double-dummy, randomized multicentre study","volume":"15","author":"Vecchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0063|cit63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528009181520","article-title":"The effect of topical N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid in ulcerative colitis","volume":"15","author":"Willoughby","year":"1980","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0064|cit64","first-page":"15","article-title":"5-Aminosalicylic acid (Pentasa) in enema form for the treatment of active ulcerative colitis","volume":"18","author":"Willoughby","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ital J Gastroentrol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0065|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20158","article-title":"Effect of weekend 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) enema as maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis: results from a randomized controlled study","volume":"13","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"5375","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0066|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5375.89","article-title":"Variation between observers in deccribing mucosal appearances in proctocolitis","volume":"1","author":"Baron","year":"1964","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.1970.12096647","article-title":"A comparison between clinical state, macroscopic and microscopic appearances of rectal mucosa, and cytologic picture of mucosal exudate in ulcerative colitis","volume":"5","author":"Binder","year":"1970","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0068|cit68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-8-17","article-title":"Outcome measurement in clinical trials for ulcerative colitis: towards standardization","volume":"8","author":"Cooney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.12.038","article-title":"A review of activity indices and efficacy end points for clinical trials of medical therapy in adults with ulcerative colitis","volume":"132","author":"D'Haens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0070|cit70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528708991491","article-title":"Histologic and colonoscopic assessment of disease extension in ulcerative colitis","volume":"22","author":"Flor\u00e9n","year":"1987","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0071|cit71","first-page":"1188","article-title":"Mesalamine capsules for treatment of active ulcerative colitis: results of a controlled trial. Pentasa Study Group","volume":"88","author":"Hanauer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470712184.ch8","article-title":"Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.0 [updated February 2008]","author":"Higgins","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4","article-title":"Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary?","volume":"17","author":"Jadad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1995.tb00384.x","article-title":"Rectal aminosalicylate therapy for distal ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Marshall","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.6.775","article-title":"Rectal corticosteroids versus alternative treatments in ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Marshall","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.02180.x","article-title":"Putting rectal 5-aminosalicylic acid in its place: the role in distal ulcerative colitis","volume":"95","author":"Marshall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296733","article-title":"Correlations between defined sigmoidoscopic appearances and other measures of disease activity in ulcerative colitis","volume":"27","author":"Powell-Tuck","year":"1982","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0078|cit78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6666.82","article-title":"Coated mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) versus sulphasalazine in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis: a randomised trial","volume":"298","author":"Rachmilewitz","year":"1989","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0079|cit79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.2.174","article-title":"Microscopic activity in ulcerative colitis: what does it mean?","volume":"32","author":"Riley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.21.10.885","article-title":"Treatment of distal ulcerative colitis (proctosigmoiditis) in relapse: comparison of hydrocortisone enemas and rectal hydrocortisone foam","volume":"21","author":"Ruddell","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0081|cit81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198712243172603","article-title":"Coated oral 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy for mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. A randomized study","volume":"317","author":"Schroeder","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4947","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0082|cit82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4947.1041","article-title":"Cortisone in ulcerative colitis; final report on a therapeutic trial","volume":"2","author":"Truelove","year":"1955","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"4979","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.4979.1315","article-title":"Biopsy studies in ulcerative colitis","volume":"1","author":"Truelove","year":"1956","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0084|cit84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198804000-00013","article-title":"Comparison of beclomethasone dipropionate and prednisolone 21-phosphate enemas in the treatment of ulcerative proctitis","volume":"10","author":"Heide","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2-BIB0085|cit85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02233941","article-title":"Serial rectal biopsy in ulcerative colitis during the course of a controlled therapeutic trial of various diets","volume":"11","author":"Wright","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Dig Dis"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T12:39:05Z","timestamp":1634733545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane IBD Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,20]]},"references-count":85,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd004115.pub2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,20]]}}}