{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:25:53Z","timestamp":1792614353755,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd005398.pub3","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644192000000}}],"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd005398.pub4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T11:55:46Z","timestamp":1644234946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after stroke"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Richard S","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology; Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William CY","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology; Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital; Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Vassallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Bournemouth Hospital; Bournemouth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Sykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Hampshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Battersby Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Sciences; Imperial College London; London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2011.04.002","article-title":"Are post intracerebral hemorrhage seizures prevented by anti-epileptic treatment?","volume":"95","author":"Gilad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Research"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164, Abstract n","DOI":"10.1177\/2396987317705242","article-title":"Prophylactic treatment with diazepam lowers seizure risk in a subgroup of stroke patients","volume":"2","author":"Van Tuijl","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Stroke Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1159\/000512799","article-title":"Treatment with diazepam in acute stroke prevents poststroke seizures: a substudy of the EGASIS trial","volume":"50","author":"Tuijl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cerebrovascular Diseases"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000038388.57824.B6","article-title":"Gabapentin in late-onset post stroke seizures","volume":"59","author":"Alvarez-Sab\u00edn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.024380","article-title":"Antiepileptic drugs to prevent seizures after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"50","author":"Angriman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0006|cit6","first-page":"203","article-title":"Randomised open trial of 35 subjects with epileptic seizures after stroke, treated with levetiracetam or carbamazepine CR","volume":"138","author":"Capone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bollettino - lega italiana contro l'epilessia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1159\/000342669","article-title":"Levetiracetam versus carbamazepine in patients with late post stroke seizures: a multicentre prospective randomized open-label study (EpIC Project)","volume":"34","author":"Consoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cerebrovascular Diseases"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0008|cit8","first-page":"S112, Abstract","article-title":"Early post-stroke seizures treated with levetiracetam","volume":"238","author":"Daniele","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0009|cit9","unstructured":"An explorative use open-label, multi-center, randomized trial studying the safety and efficacy of levetiracetam (500 mg\/day to 3000 mg\/day) and valproate (600 mg\/day to 3000 mg\/day) as monotherapy in newly diagnosed patients over the age of 65 years. - Scandinavian elderly study www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu\/ctr-search\/search?query=eudract_number:2004-004053-26 2005"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e3180333069","article-title":"Monotherapy of lamotrigine versus carbamazepine in patients with post stroke seizure","volume":"30","author":"Gilad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"12 Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A475, Abstract","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0000365439.11849.a2","article-title":"Retrospective comparison of the cost and effectiveness of levetiracetam versus phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis","volume":"37","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-019-01132-4","article-title":"Antiepileptic drug therapy in the elderly: a clinical pharmacological review","volume":"119","author":"Kaur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Belgica"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-017-4373-0","article-title":"Early seizure prophylaxis in traumatic brain injuries revisited: a prospective observational study","volume":"42","author":"Khor","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0014|cit14","first-page":"494","article-title":"Treatment of late-onset epilepsy after cerebral hemorrhage by integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and western medicine","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomedical Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-009-9207-y","article-title":"Prophylactic antiepileptic drug use is associated with poor outcome following ICH","volume":"11","author":"Mess\u00e9","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurocritical Care"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0016|cit16","unstructured":"Short Duration Levetiracetam to Extended Course for Seizure Prophylaxis After aSAH clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT01137110 2010"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0017|cit17","unstructured":"Seizure Prophylaxis in Aneurysm Repair clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/nct01801072 2013"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0018|cit18","unstructured":"Seizure Prophylaxis With Levetiracetam in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - PilotStudy clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT01935908 2013"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0019|cit19","unstructured":"Seizure Prophylaxis in Aneurysm Repair clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT01974700 2013"},{"issue":"12 Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A239, Abstract","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0000390903.16849.8c","article-title":"Retrospective comparison of phenytoin vs. levetiracetam vs. no medication in the prevention of seizures in subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"38","author":"Peitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0021|cit21","first-page":"S57.003","article-title":"Fosphenytoin in acute ischaemic stroke: efficacy results","volume":"52","author":"Pulsinelli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13230","article-title":"Lacosamide in patients with epilepsy of cerebrovascular etiology","volume":"141","author":"Rosenow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000167384.68207.3E","article-title":"New onset geriatric epilepsy: a randomized study of gabapentin, lamotrigine and carbamazepine","volume":"64","author":"Rowan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9566","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60460-7","article-title":"The SANAD study of effectiveness of carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, or topiramate for treatment of partial epilepsy: an unblinded randomised controlled trial","volume":"369","author":"Marson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9566","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60461-9","article-title":"The SANAD study of effectiveness of valproate, lamotrigine, or topiramate for generalised and unclassifiable epilepsy: an unblinded randomised controlled trial","volume":"369","author":"Marson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-014-0243-9","article-title":"Effects of phenobarbital and levetiracetam on PR and QTc intervals in patients with post-stroke seizure","volume":"34","author":"Siniscalchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Drug Investigation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0027|cit27","unstructured":"Comparative study of prophylactic efficacy between conventional and new anticonvulsant in Thai cerebrovascular disease patient www.clinicaltrials.in.th\/index.php?tp=regtrials&menu=trialsearch&smenu=fulltext&task=search&task2=view1&id=3123 2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0028|cit28","first-page":"S620003","article-title":"A double blind, safety and tolerance study of single intravenous doses of fosphenytoin in patients with acute ischemic stroke","volume":"46","author":"Tietjen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0029|cit29","unstructured":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of levetiracetam on overcoming neurological deterioration occurring in patients with poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage upload.umin.ac.jp\/cgi-open-bin\/ctr_e\/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000015781 2014"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S168","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13944","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intravenous lacosamide in focal status epilepticus in elderly and critically ill patients","volume":"58","author":"Venturelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0031|cit31","first-page":"4801","article-title":"The efficacy of gastrodin in combination with folate and vitamin B12 on patients with epilepsy after stroke and its effect on HMGB-1, IL-2 and IL-6 serum levels","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Experimental & Therapeutic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0032|cit32","unstructured":"Role of anti-seizure drugs in stroke patients to prevent post stroke seizures www.ctri.nic.in\/Clinicaltrials\/pmaindet2.php?trialid=19682"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12187","article-title":"Protocol for seizure prophylaxis following intracerebral hemorrhage study (SPICH): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of short-term sodium valproate prophylaxis in patients with acute spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Stroke"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0034|cit34","unstructured":"Prevention of Epileptic Seizures in Acute intraCerebral Haemorrhage (PEACH) clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02631759"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.AIAN_1283_20","article-title":"Early post-stroke seizures in acute ischemic stroke: A prospective cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000098","article-title":"Guidelines for adult stroke rehabilitation and recovery: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"47","author":"Winstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(18)30534-2","article-title":"Poststroke seizures in the elderly","volume":"7","author":"Asconap\u00e9","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clinics in Geriatric Medicine"},{"issue":"8756","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)93206-O","article-title":"Classification and natural history of clinically identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction","volume":"337","author":"Bamford","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2018.08.001","article-title":"Randomized controlled trials of antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of post-stroke seizures: a systematic review with network meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Brigo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"7122","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7122.1582","article-title":"Epileptic seizures after a first stroke: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project","volume":"315","author":"Burn","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000130989.17100.96","article-title":"Seizures and epilepsy after ischaemic stroke","volume":"35","author":"Camilo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.4.1029","article-title":"A prospective, population-based epidemiologic study of status epilepticus in Richmond, Virginia","volume":"46","author":"DeLorenzo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12309","article-title":"European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"9","author":"Steiner","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1177\/136140969000400303","article-title":"Influence of drugs on the recovery of sensorimotor function after stroke","volume":"4","author":"Goldstein","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Neurologic Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0045|cit45","unstructured":"GRADEpro GDT McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime) 2020"},{"issue":"9 Suppl 5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0046|cit46","first-page":"S21","article-title":"Epilepsy after brain insult: targeting epileptogenesis","volume":"59","author":"Herman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0047|cit47","unstructured":"Higgins JPT Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/archive\/v5.1\/"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1981.tb06159.x","article-title":"Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures","volume":"22","author":"Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy","year":"1981","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0049|cit49","first-page":"S325","article-title":"Influence of age and health behaviors on stroke risk: lessons from longitudinal studies","volume":"58","author":"Kelly-Hayes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.7.1028","article-title":"Reduced inhibition within primary motor cortex in patients with poststroke focal motor seizures","volume":"59","author":"Kessler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314\u20139","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002033420503","article-title":"Early identification of refractory epilepsy","volume":"342","author":"Kwan","year":"2000","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2006.00783.x","article-title":"Infection after acute stroke is associated with poor short-term outcome","volume":"115","author":"Kwan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.140","article-title":"Stroke: predicting the risk of poststroke epilepsy - why and how?","volume":"6","author":"Kwan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.2.200","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of early seizure and status epilepticus after first stroke","volume":"57","author":"Labovitz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.60.3.400","article-title":"Early and late seizures after cryptogenic ischemic stroke in young adults","volume":"60","author":"Lamy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0056|cit56","unstructured":"Lefebvre C Glanville J Briscoe S Littlewood A Marshall C Technical Supplement to Chapter 4: Searching for and selecting studies. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston MS, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (eds). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021 Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.1.162","article-title":"Seizure frequency and the health-related quality of life of adults with epilepsy","volume":"53","author":"Leidy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lodder J van Raak L Hilton A Hardy E Kessels A Diazepam to improve acute stroke outcome: results of the early GABA-ergic activation study in stroke trial. a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial Cerebrovascular Diseases 2006 21 1-2 120 7 10.1159\/000090210 16340187","DOI":"10.1159\/000090210"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0059|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2009.08.007","article-title":"Ischaemic stroke in adults and epilepsy","volume":"87","author":"Menon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01115.x","article-title":"Poststroke late seizures and their role in rehabilitation of inpatients","volume":"38","author":"Paolucci","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.8.1585","article-title":"Seizures in acute stroke: predictors and prognostic significance. The Copenhagen Stroke Study","volume":"28","author":"Reith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0062|cit62","unstructured":"Review Manager (RevMan). Version 5.4 The Cochrane Collaboration 2020"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0063|cit63","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann HJ Oxman AD Vist GE Higgins JPT Deeks JJ Glasziou P Chapter 12: Interpreting results and drawing conclusions. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/archive\/v5.1\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0064|cit64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.2.273","article-title":"The frequency, characteristics and prognosis of epileptic seizures at the onset of stroke","volume":"51","author":"Shinton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0065|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.2.350","article-title":"Population-based study of seizure disorders after cerebral infarction","volume":"46","author":"So","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0066|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200320020-00005","article-title":"Drug treatment of epilepsy in elderly people: focus on valproic acid","volume":"20","author":"Stephen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drugs & Aging"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1161\/hs1001.097242","article-title":"Glutamate injury-induced epileptogenesis in hippocampal neurons: an in vitro model of stroke-induced \"epilepsy\"","volume":"32","author":"Sun","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0068|cit68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.09702.x","article-title":"Calcium-dependent epileptogenesis in an in vitro model of stroke-induced \"epilepsy\"","volume":"43","author":"Sun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.20.10.1407","article-title":"Recommendations on stroke prevention, diagnosis, and therapy: report of the WHO Task Force on Stroke and other Cerebrovascular Disorders","volume":"20","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1989","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0070|cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398","article-title":"Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after stroke","author":"Kwan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0071|cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub2","article-title":"Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after stroke","author":"Kwan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub3","article-title":"Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after stroke","author":"Sykes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T17:16:29Z","timestamp":1751303789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD005398.pub4"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Epilepsy Group","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd005398.pub4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]}}}