{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:08:35Z","timestamp":1791230915626,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd005528.pub2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538092800000}}],"reference-count":147,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd005528.pub3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T07:15:23Z","timestamp":1538118923000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Non-clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Innie","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology; Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Newton","family":"Opiyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane; Cochrane Editorial Unit; St Albans House, 57-59 Haymarket London UK SW1Y 4QX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Tavender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University; Australian Satellite of the Cochrane EPOC Group, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine; Melbourne Victoria Australia VIC 3004"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameh","family":"Mortazhejri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Rader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH); 600-865 Carling Avenue Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Petkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa; Bruy\u00e8re Research Institute; 43 Bruy\u00e8re St Annex E, room 312 Ottawa ON Canada K1N 5C8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharlini","family":"Yogasingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Taljaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Clinical Epidemiology Program; The Ottawa Hospital - Civic Campus 1053 Carling Ave, Box 693 Ottawa ON Canada K1Y 4E9"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sugandha","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malinee","family":"Laopaiboon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khon Kaen University; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health; 123 Mitraparb Road Amphur Muang Khon Kaen Thailand 40002"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Wasiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austin Health; The University of Melbourne; Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics; Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"University of Melbourne; Department of Pediatrics; Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suthit","family":"Khunpradit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lamphun Hospital; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; 177 Jamthevee Road Lamphun Lamphun Thailand 51000"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pisake","family":"Lumbiganon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khon Kaen University; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine; 123 Mitraparb Road Amphur Muang Khon Kaen Thailand 40002"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell L","family":"Gruen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine; 11 Mandalay Road Singapore Singapore 308232"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Pilar","family":"Betran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization; UNDP\/UNFPA\/UNICEF\/WHO\/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Reproductive Health and Research; Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9425","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16406-4","article-title":"Mandatory second opinion to reduce rates of unnecessary caesarean sections in Latin America: a cluster randomised control trial","volume":"363","author":"Althabe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12582","article-title":"Lowered national cesarean section rates after a concerted action","volume":"94","author":"Ayres-De-Campos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2004.11.008","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of the effects of applied relaxation training on reducing anxiety and perceived stress in pregnant women","volume":"50","author":"Bastani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/00005237-200604000-00007","article-title":"Does relaxation education in anxious primigravid Iranian women influence adverse pregnancy outcomes? A randomised controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Bastani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0006|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.3109\/00016341003694978","article-title":"Psychoprophylaxis during labor: associations with labor-related outcomes and experience of childbirth","volume":"89","author":"Bergstrom","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0005|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02144.x","article-title":"Effects of natural childbirth preparation versus standard antenatal education on epidural rates, experience of child birth and parental stress in mothers and fathers","volume":"116","author":"Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"2009","journal-title":"British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1407120","article-title":"A cluster-randomized trial to reduce cesarean delivery rates in Quebec","volume":"372","author":"Chaillet","year":"2015","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/1552-6909.12485","article-title":"A randomized comparative trial of two decision tools for pregnant women with prior cesareans","volume":"43","author":"Eden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-014-1500-5","article-title":"Effects of a psychosocial couple-based prevention program on adverse birth outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Feinberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0721-y","article-title":"Effects of a midwife psycho-education intervention to reduce childbirth fear on women's birth outcomes and postpartum psychological wellbeing","volume":"15","author":"Fenwick","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70509-X","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of a prenatal vaginal birth after cesarean section education and support program","volume":"176","author":"Fraser","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-8-126","article-title":"Special features of health services and register based trials - experiences from a randomised trial of childbirth classes","volume":"8","author":"Hemminki","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1177\/107755879605300405","article-title":"Equalizing physician fees had little effect on cesarean rates","volume":"53","author":"Keeler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Medical Care Research and Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0014|cit14","first-page":"281","article-title":"Effect of peer review and trial of labor on lowering cesarean section rates","volume":"67","author":"Liang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2008.02.013","article-title":"Financial incentives do not always work - an example of cesarean sections in Taiwan","volume":"88","author":"Lo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460170056033","article-title":"Opinion leaders vs adult and feedback to implement practice guidelines. Delivery after previous cesarean section","volume":"265","author":"Lomas","year":"1991","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0017|cit17","first-page":"115","article-title":"Effect of training preparation for childbirth on fear of normal vaginal delivery and choosing the type of delivery among pregnant women in Hamadan, Iran: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Masoumi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Family and Reproductive Health"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0018|cit18","first-page":"43","article-title":"A practical strategy for reducing cesarean section rates in a general hospital in Tehran, Iran","volume":"57","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Medicine"},{"issue":"7607","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39217.671019.55","article-title":"Two decision aids for mode of delivery among women with previous caesarean section: randomised controlled trial","volume":"334","author":"Montgomery","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-4-25","article-title":"The DiAMOND trial protocol: a randomised controlled trial of two decision aids for mode of delivery among women with a previous caesarean section","volume":"4","author":"Montgomery","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0021|cit21","first-page":"40","article-title":"Effect of role play education on primiparous women's fear of natural delivery and their decision on the mode of delivery","volume":"20","author":"Navaee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0022|cit22","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Effect of departmental policies on cesarean delivery rates: a community hospital experience","volume":"91","author":"Poma","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001032","article-title":"The association of expanded access to a collaborative midwifery and laborist model with cesarean delivery rates","volume":"126","author":"Rosenstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12011","article-title":"Obstetric outcome after intervention for severe fear of childbirth in nulliparous women - randomised trial","volume":"120","author":"Rouhe","year":"2013","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.11.093369","article-title":"Practice audits to reduce caesareans in a tertiary referral hospital in south-western China","volume":"90","author":"Runmei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0026|cit26","first-page":"820","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of intervention in fear of childbirth","volume":"98","author":"Saisto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.09.005","article-title":"Medical audit using the Ten Group Classification System and its impact on the cesarean section rate","volume":"154","author":"Scarella","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9531.119036","article-title":"A survey on the effects of husbands' education of pregnant women on knowledge, attitude, and reducing elective cesarean section","volume":"2","author":"Sharifirad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Education and Health Promotion"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0730-7659.2005.00383.x","article-title":"Making choices for childbirth: a randomised controlled trial of a decision-aid for informed birth after cesarean","volume":"32","author":"Shorten","year":"2005","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.08.007","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of the laborist model of obstetric care on maternal and neonatal outcomes","volume":"215","author":"Srinivas","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0031|cit31","first-page":"653","article-title":"Comparison of childbirth training workshop effects on knowledge, attitude, and delivery method between mothers and couples groups referring to Isfahan health centers in Iran","volume":"19","author":"Valiani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnss.2014.02.017","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle training as a persistent nursing intervention: Effect on delivery outcome and pelvic floor myodynamia","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Nursing Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.10.612","article-title":"The role of the birth plan in obstetrical and neonatal outcomes and birth experience satisfaction","volume":"212","author":"Afshar","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2010.07.016","article-title":"Health reform and cesarean sections in the private sector: The experience of Peru","volume":"99","author":"Arrieta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/17441690802190776","article-title":"Promoting accountability in obstetric care: use of criteria-based audit in Viet Nam","volume":"5","author":"Bailey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Global Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckp184","article-title":"Mexico's conditional cash transfer programme increases cesarean section rates among the rural poor","volume":"20","author":"Barber","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03043.x","article-title":"Is the operative delivery rate in low-risk women dependent on the level of birth care? A randomised controlled trial","volume":"118","author":"Bernitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0165623","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165623","article-title":"The effects of Ghana's National Health Insurance Scheme on maternal and infant health care utilization","volume":"11","author":"Bonfrer","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340903015313","article-title":"Effectiveness of a multifaceted strategy to improve the appropriateness of cesarean sections","volume":"88","author":"Calvo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0040|cit40","first-page":"161","article-title":"The role of selection bias in comparing caesarean birth rates between physician and midwifery management","volume":"80","author":"Chambliss","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.11.010","article-title":"The failure of financial incentive? The seemingly inexorable rise of cesarean section","volume":"101","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0042|cit42","first-page":"735","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for cesarean section due to cephalopelvic disproportion","volume":"89","author":"Chittithavorn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340903002857","article-title":"Audit and feedback: effects on professional obstetrical practice and healthcare outcomes in a university hospital","volume":"88","author":"Costa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-5456(01)00218-2","article-title":"Estimation of an expected caesarean section rate taking into account the case mix of a maternity hospital. Analysis from the AUDIPOG Sentinelle Network (France)","volume":"108","author":"David","year":"2001","journal-title":"British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)30957-9","article-title":"The use of a quality indicator to reduce elective repeat caesarean section for low-risk women before 39 Weeks\u2019 gestation: The Eastern Ontario experience","volume":"35","author":"Dunn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105130","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105130","article-title":"The free caesareans policy in low-income settings: an interrupted time series analysis in Mali (2003-2012)","volume":"9","author":"Fournier","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.3923\/jms.2006.690.692","article-title":"Effect of a participatory intervention to reduce the number of unnecessary caesarean sections performed in Shahrekord of Iran","volume":"6","author":"Ganji","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0048|cit48","first-page":"A1-A38, S1-S386","article-title":"Effect of education and provider transparency upon individual cesarean, episiotomy, antenatal steroid, and breastfeeding rates","volume":"26","author":"Gilbert","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0049|cit49","first-page":"619","article-title":"Using the continuous quality improvement process to safely lower the cesarean section rate","volume":"25","author":"Gregory","year":"1999","journal-title":"Joint Commission Journal on Quality Improvement"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6296(99)00009-0","article-title":"Physician fees and procedure intensity: the case of cesarean delivery","volume":"18","author":"Gruber","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-012-0962-6","article-title":"Impact of financial and educational interventions on maternity care: results of cluster randomized trials in rural China, CHIMACA","volume":"17","author":"Hemminki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0052|cit52","first-page":"288","article-title":"Influence of a targeted educational intervention on evidence-based practice in two Malaysian maternity units: The sea ORCHID project in Malaysia","volume":"66","author":"Ho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Malaysia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2004.00260.x","article-title":"The impact of Medicaid managed care on pregnant women in Ohio: a cohort analysis","volume":"39","author":"Howell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Services Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13396","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal outcomes after implementation of a hospital policy to limit low-risk planned caesarean deliveries before 39 weeks of gestation: an interrupted time-series analysis","volume":"122","author":"Hutcheon","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0055|cit55","first-page":"1459","article-title":"Reducing the cesarean section rate in a rural community hospital","volume":"146","author":"Iglesias","year":"1991","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0056|cit56","first-page":"34","article-title":"The effect of reflexology on relieving the labor pain","volume":"14","author":"Jenabi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0057|cit57","first-page":"847","article-title":"Effect of new-pattern obstetrical nursing in reducing cesarean delivery rate","volume":"29","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/857047","article-title":"Maternal and perinatal outcomes of exercise in pregnant women with chronic hypertension and\/or previous preeclampsia: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"857047","author":"Kasawara","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0059|cit59","first-page":"187","article-title":"Cesarean section rates: effects of participation in a performance measurement project","volume":"24","author":"Kazandjian","year":"1998","journal-title":"Joint Commission Journal on Quality Improvement"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00481.x","article-title":"Are league tables controlling epidemic of caesarean sections in South Korea?","volume":"112","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"BJOG: an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(93)90165-9","article-title":"Influence of audit and feedback on the use of caesarean section in a geographically defined population","volume":"50","author":"Kiwankura","year":"1993","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2008.08.002","article-title":"Effect of audit and feedback on the availability, utilisation and quality of emergency obstetric care in three districts in Malawi","volume":"21","author":"Kongnyuy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Women and Birth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0063|cit63","first-page":"134","article-title":"Comparison of cesarean section rates in fee-for-service versus managed care patients in the Ohio Medicaid population, 1992-1997","volume":"7","author":"Koroukian","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Managed Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0064|cit64","first-page":"1587","article-title":"Self-evaluation of obstetricians by delivery data to reduce cesarean section rate in Chai Nat Hospital","volume":"84","author":"Kunthonkitidej","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0065|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184-91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70392-7","article-title":"Decreasing the cesarean section rate in a private hospital: success without mandated clinical changes","volume":"174","author":"Lagrew","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0066|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.1999.tb01131.x","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial comparing midwife-managed care and obstetrician-managed care for women assessed to be at low risk in the initial intrapartum period","volume":"25","author":"Law","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2006.05.019","article-title":"Effects of the DRG-based prospective payment system operated by the voluntarily participating providers on the cesarean section rates in Korea","volume":"81","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0068|cit68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009692","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009692","article-title":"Financial accessibility and user fee reforms for maternal healthcare in five sub-Saharan countries: a quasi-experimental analysis","volume":"6","author":"Leone","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1 Suppl E","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.SE1.374","article-title":"Reducing cesarean birth rates with data-driven quality improvement activities","volume":"103","author":"Main","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0070|cit70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-007-0234-z","article-title":"Impact of the HealthChoice Program on cesarean section and vaginal birth after C-section deliveries: a retrospective analysis","volume":"12","author":"Misra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Maternal Child Health Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0071|cit71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2009.00983.x","article-title":"Assessment of the effect of psychosocial support during childbirth in Ibadan, south-west Nigeria: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"49","author":"Morhason-Bello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(93)90333-Y","article-title":"The Mount Sinai cesarean section reduction program: an update after 6 years","volume":"37","author":"Myers","year":"1993","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462300002397","article-title":"Information dissemination and the cesarean birth rate. The Illinois experience","volume":"8","author":"Oleske","year":"1992","journal-title":"International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70394-0","article-title":"Using the medical audit cycle to reduce cesarean section rates","volume":"174","author":"Robson","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0075|cit75","first-page":"758","article-title":"Use of critical pathways to improve efficiency: a cautionary tale","volume":"9","author":"Saint","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Managed Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0076|cit76","first-page":"500","article-title":"Effective education to decrease elective caesarean section","volume":"64","author":"Sanavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/107755879605300306","article-title":"The effect of the ACOG guideline on vaginal births after cesarean","volume":"53","author":"Santerre","year":"1996","journal-title":"Medical Care Research and Review"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0078|cit78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90686-D","article-title":"Reducing cesarean births at a primarily private university hospital","volume":"168","author":"Socol","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0079|cit79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1891\/1058-1243.24.1.16","article-title":"Reducing length of labor and cesarean surgery rate using a peanut ball for women laboring with an epidural","volume":"24","author":"Tussey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatal Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2008.01.008","article-title":"Introducing caesarean section audit in a regional teaching hospital in The Netherlands","volume":"139","author":"Dillen","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0081|cit81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/SIH.0000000000000106","article-title":"Impact evaluation of PRONTO Mexico: a simulation-based program in obstetric and neonatal emergencies and team training","volume":"11","author":"Walker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Simulation in Healthcare"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0082|cit82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12141","article-title":"Effect of self-hypnosis on duration of labor and maternal and neonatal outcomes: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"92","author":"Werner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536x.1999.00144.x","article-title":"Changes in cesarean delivery in an Italian university hospital, 1982-1996: a comparison with the national trend","volume":"26","author":"Zanetta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0084|cit84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.323.9546","article-title":"Comparison between continuing midwifery care and standard maternity care in vaginal birth after cesarean","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0085|cit85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.2011.44.1.2","article-title":"Effect of repeated public releases on cesarean section rates","volume":"44","author":"Jang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0086|cit86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.10.518","article-title":"Patient decision aid with individual risk estimation: An effective tool in choosing the mode of delivery after cesarean section","volume":"212","author":"Vankan","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0087|cit87","unstructured":"ACTRN12611000878976 The effect of an antenatal decision aid booklet on rate of vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) in women with previous caesarean section www.anzctr.org.au\/Trial\/Registration\/TrialReview.aspx?id=343340"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0088|cit88","unstructured":"ACTRN12611001214921 A randomised controlled trial to determine whether continuity of care increases the rate of attempted vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) anzctr.org.au\/Trial\/Registration\/TrialReview.aspx?id=347744"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0089|cit89","unstructured":"ACTRN12613000161729 Enhanced care and support in early labour (ecsel) https:\/\/www.anzctr.org.au\/Trial\/Registration\/TrialReview.aspx?id=335208"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0090|cit90","unstructured":"IRCT2013111010777N3 A computer based decision aids for mode of delivery (natural delivery or cesarean section) who.int\/trialsearch\/Trial3.aspx?trialid=IRCT2013111010777N3"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0091|cit91","unstructured":"ISRCTN10612254 Improving the organisation of maternal health service delivery, and optimising childbirth, by increasing vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) through enhanced women-centred care isrctn.com\/ISRCTN10612254"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0092|cit92","unstructured":"ISRCTN48510263 Appropriate decision for caesarean section in Burkina Faso isrctn.com\/ISRCTN48510263"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0093|cit93","unstructured":"ISRCTN50041378 A feasibility study and pilot randomised trial of an intervention designed to reduce unnecessary caesarean section in Ireland isrctn.com\/ISRCTN50041378"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0094|cit94","unstructured":"NCT02874443 The REDUCED Trial: REDucing the Utilization of CEsarean Sections for Dystocia (REDUCED) clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02874443"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0095|cit95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000428647.67925.d3","article-title":"Cesarean delivery on maternal request. Committee Opinion No. 559","volume":"121","author":"The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0096|cit96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.01.026","article-title":"Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery","volume":"210","author":"Caughey","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0097|cit97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2018.01.022","article-title":"Budget impact of a program for safely reducing caesarean sections in Canada","volume":"60","author":"Berm\u00fadez-Tamayo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0098|cit98","first-page":"348","article-title":"Interrupted time series regression for the evaluation of public health interventions: a tutorial","volume":"46","author":"Bernal","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0099|cit99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0148343","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148343","article-title":"The increasing trend in caesarean section rates: Global, regional and national estimates: 1990-2014","volume":"11","author":"Betr\u00e1n","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0100|cit100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13526","article-title":"WHO Statement on caesarean section rates","volume":"123","author":"Betr\u00e1n","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0101|cit101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14774","article-title":"Audit and feedback using the Robson classification to reduce caesarean section rates: a systematic review","volume":"125","author":"Boatin","year":"2018","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0102|cit102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003766.pub6","article-title":"Continuous support for women during childbirth","author":"Bohren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0103|cit103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004907.pub3","article-title":"Package of care for active management in labour for reducing caesarean section rates in low-risk women","author":"Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0104|cit104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2011.05662.x","article-title":"Non-clinical interventions that increase the uptake and success of vaginal birth after caesarean section: a systematic review","volume":"67","author":"Catling-Paull","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0105|cit105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2011.05635.x","article-title":"Clinical interventions that increase the uptake and success of vaginal birth after caesarean section: a systematic review","volume":"67","author":"Catling-Paull","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0106|cit106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2006.00146.x","article-title":"Evidence-based strategies for reducing cesarean section rates: a meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Chaillet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0107|cit107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12010","article-title":"Multiple repeat caesarean section in the UK: incidence and consequences to mother and child. A national, prospective, cohort study","volume":"120","author":"Cook","year":"2013","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0108|cit108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12466","article-title":"Non-medical determinants of cesarean section in a medically dominated maternity system","volume":"93","author":"Dweik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0109|cit109","unstructured":"Cochrane Effective Practice Organisation of Care (EPOC) EPOC Taxonomy, 2015 Available at epoc.cochrane.org\/epoc-taxonomy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0110|cit110","unstructured":"Cochrane Effective Practice Organisation of Care (EPOC) EPOC resources for review authors, 2017 Available at epoc.cochrane.org\/epoc-specific-resources-review-authors"},{"issue":"7651","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0111|cit111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995-8","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39490.551019.BE","article-title":"Rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations: What is \"quality of evidence\" and why is it important to clinicians?","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0112|cit112","unstructured":"Hartmann KE Andrews JC Jerome RN Lewis RM Likis FE McKoy JN Strategies to reduce cesarean birth in low-risk women. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US) AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Review 2012"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0113|cit113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000012.pub4","article-title":"Alternative versus conventional institutional settings for birth","author":"Hodnett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0114|cit114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g1687","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687","article-title":"Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide","volume":"348","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0115|cit115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e013670","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013670","article-title":"Caesarean sections and for-profit status of hospitals: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Hoxha","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0116|cit116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.07.030","article-title":"Factors affecting Taiwanese women's choice of Cesarean section","volume":"66","author":"Hsu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0117|cit117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j3119","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j3119","article-title":"Effect of diet and physical activity based interventionsin pregnancy on gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes: meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials","volume":"358","author":"The International Weight Management in Pregnancy (i-WIP) Collaborative Group","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0118|cit118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008994","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008994","article-title":"Factors contributing to the rapid rise of caesarean section: a prospective study of primiparous Chinese women in Shanghai","volume":"5","author":"Ji","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0119|cit119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0859-8","article-title":"A cluster-randomized trial to reduce caesarean delivery rates in Quebec: cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"15","author":"Johri","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0120|cit120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10-9; discussio","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2003.07.009","article-title":"Unnecessary cesarean delivery in Louisiana: an analysis of birth certificate data","volume":"190","author":"Kabir","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0121|cit121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002494","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002494","article-title":"Long-term risks and benefits associated with cesarean delivery for mother, baby, and subsequent pregnancies: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Keag","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0122|cit122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00125-5","article-title":"Estimating the proportion of unnecessary cesarean sections in Ohio using birth certificate data","volume":"51","author":"Koroukian","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0123|cit123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4505-7-S1-S9","article-title":"SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP) 9: Assessing the applicability of the findings of a systematic review","volume":"7 Suppl 1","author":"Lavis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Research Policy and Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0124|cit124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000102935.91389.53","article-title":"Institutional factors in cesarean delivery rates: policy and research implications","volume":"103","author":"Lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0125|cit125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(02)00301-5","article-title":"Patients' attitudes versus physician' determination: implications for cesarean sections","volume":"57","author":"Lo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0126|cit126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000096","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2016-000096","article-title":"Onsite midwife-led birth units (OMBUs) for care around the time of childbirth: a systematic review","volume":"1","author":"Long","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Global Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0127|cit127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0441-3","article-title":"Clinician-centred interventions to increase vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC): a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Lundgren","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0128|cit128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.389","article-title":"Physician contribution to a cesarean delivery risk model","volume":"188","author":"Luthy","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0129|cit129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.06.035","article-title":"Impact of multiple cesarean deliveries on maternal morbidity: a systematic review","volume":"205","author":"Marshall","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"9927","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0130|cit130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60716-9","article-title":"Rate of caesarean section is alarming in China","volume":"383","author":"Mi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0131|cit131","volume-title":"Caesarean Section","author":"National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0132|cit132","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Caesarean section: Evidence update March 2013 Evidence Update 2013"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0133|cit133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2015.04.003","article-title":"Women-centred interventions to increase vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC): A systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Nilsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0134|cit134","first-page":"163","article-title":"The Ottawa patient decision aids","volume":"2","author":"O'Connor","year":"1999","journal-title":"Effective Clinical Practice: ECP"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0135|cit135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000352.pub2","article-title":"Planned hospital birth versus planned home birth","author":"Olsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0136|cit136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2008.00225.x","article-title":"Impact of first childbirth on changes in women's preferences for mode of delivery: follow-up of a longitudinal observational study","volume":"35","author":"Pang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0137|cit137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1017\/S0965539501000122","article-title":"Classification of caesarean sections","volume":"12","author":"Robson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0138|cit138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004667.pub5","article-title":"Midwife-led continuity models versus other models of care for childbearing women","author":"Sandall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0139|cit139","first-page":"115","article-title":"Social determinants of the increasing caesarean section rate in Italy","volume":"60","author":"Scioscia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Minerva Ginecologica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0140|cit140","unstructured":"Thomas J Paranjothy S Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Clinical Effectiveness Support Unit National Sentinel Caesarean Section Audit Report www.rcog.org.uk\/globalassets\/documents\/guidelines\/research--audit\/nscs_audit.pdf 2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0141|cit141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.03.007","article-title":"Unforeseen consequences of the increasing rate of cesarean deliveries: early placenta accreta and cesarean scar pregnancy. A review","volume":"207","author":"Timor-Tritsch","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"8452","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0142|cit142","first-page":"436","article-title":"Appropriate technology for birth","volume":"2","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0143|cit143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13592","article-title":"Association between rates of caesarean section and maternal and neonatal mortality in the 21st century: a worldwide population-based ecological study with longitudinal data","volume":"123","author":"Ye","year":"2015","journal-title":"British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0144|cit144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1271213","article-title":"Effect of fear of litigation on obstetric care: a nationwide analysis on obstetric practice","volume":"28","author":"Zwecker","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0145|cit145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/16506078809456264","article-title":"Applied relaxation: Description of an effective coping technique","volume":"17","author":"\u00d6st","year":"1988","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0146|cit146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528","article-title":"Non-clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section","author":"Khunpradit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3-BIB0147|cit147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub2","article-title":"Non-clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section","author":"Khunpradit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/cdsr\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3\/epdf\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T22:15:36Z","timestamp":1662156936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD005528.pub3"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]},"references-count":147,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd005528.pub3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]}}}