{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:13:34Z","timestamp":1791890014128,"version":"4.3.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd006142.pub2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]],"date-time":"2015-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434326400000}}],"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd006142.pub3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]],"date-time":"2015-06-15T18:07:15Z","timestamp":1434391635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for acute pain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Mark I","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Social Sciences; Leeds Beckett University; Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole A","family":"Paley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research & Development Department; Airedale NHS Foundation Trust; Keighley UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracey E","family":"Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City of Glasgow College; Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen A","family":"Sluka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2010.05.006","article-title":"Pain relief by applying transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) during unsedated colonoscopy: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Amer-Cuenca","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHSB.2004.08.007","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for neuropathic pain","volume":"30","author":"Cheing","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Hand Surgery - British Volume"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0003|cit3","first-page":"263","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator for procedural pain associated with intravenous needlesticks","volume":"18","author":"Coyne","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Intravenous Nursing"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1992.tb13788.x","article-title":"Is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of any value during cervical laser treatment","volume":"99","author":"Crompton","year":"1992","journal-title":"British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)00363-7","article-title":"Suppression of pelvic pain during hysteroscopy with a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation device","volume":"79","author":"De Angelis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Fertility & Sterility"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12345","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for the relief of post-partum uterine contraction pain during breast-feeding: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"40","author":"Sousa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.9.1216","article-title":"Thermal sensitivity is not changed by acute pain or afferent stimulation","volume":"50","author":"Ekblom","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0008|cit8","first-page":"325","article-title":"Short-duration transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery","volume":"94","author":"Gregorini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(83)90015-5","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as compared to placebo TENS for the relief of acute oro-facial pain","volume":"15","author":"Hansson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.11.043","article-title":"Assessment of efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pain management during office-based flexible cystoscopy","volume":"67","author":"Hruby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1159\/000337720","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation improves low back pain during pregnancy","volume":"74","author":"Keskin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecologic & Obstetric Investigation"},{"issue":"4-5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curtheres.2012.05.001","article-title":"The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on pain during venous cannulation","volume":"73","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/00001610-200403000-00006","article-title":"Evaluation of TENS during screening flexible sigmoidoscopy","volume":"27","author":"Limoges","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology Nursing"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0014|cit14","first-page":"801","article-title":"Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for post-thoracotomic pain","volume":"84","author":"Liu","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340601040928","article-title":"A comparison of high- versus low-intensity, high-frequency transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation for painful postpartum uterine contractions","volume":"86","author":"Ols\u00e9n","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(02)00206-3","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pain management in patients with uncomplicated minor rib fractures","volume":"22","author":"Oncel","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(87)90281-6","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation versus oral analgesic: a randomized double-blind controlled study in acute traumatic pain","volume":"5","author":"Ordog","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Journal of Emergency Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2011.01824.x","article-title":"High-frequency TENS in post-episiotomy pain relief in primiparous puerpere: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Pitangui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(85)90075-2","article-title":"Modification of haemophiliac haemorrhage pain by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation","volume":"21","author":"Roche","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0020|cit20","first-page":"57","article-title":"Randomized blind placebo-controlled study of the effectiveness of transcutaneous adaptive electrostimulation in the treatment of nonspecific low back pain","volume":"110","author":"Akhmadeeva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii i S.S. Korsakova\/Ministerstvo zdravookhraneniia i meditsinsko\u012d promyshlennosti Rossi\u012dsko\u012d Federatsii, Vserossi\u012dskoe obshchestvo nevrologov [i] Vserossi\u012dskoe obshchestvo psikhiatrov"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b02988","article-title":"The effect of electrical stimulation on lumbar spinal fusion in older patients: a randomized, controlled, multi-center trial: part 1: functional outcome","volume":"34","author":"Andersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181b02c59","article-title":"The effect of electrical stimulation on lumbar spinal fusion in older patients: a randomized, controlled, multi-center trial: part 2: fusion rates","volume":"34","author":"Andersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3181dda1ac","article-title":"Pregabalin and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for postherpetic neuralgia treatment","volume":"26","author":"Barbarisi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2006.00053.x","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation as prehospital emergency interventional care: treating acute pelvic pain in young women","volume":"9","author":"Barker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1163\/156856906775249839","article-title":"The immediate effects of heat and TENS on pressure pain threshold and pain intensity in patients with stage I shoulder impingement syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Baskurt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain Clinic"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2005.01.013","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation reduces acute low back pain during emergency transport","volume":"12","author":"Bertalanffy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Academic Emergency Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2012.159","article-title":"The effect of low-frequency TENS in the treatment of neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"51","author":"Celik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0028|cit28","first-page":"131","article-title":"Treatment of trigger points with microamperage transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)--(the Electro-Acuscope 80)","volume":"9","author":"Chee","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0029|cit29","first-page":"295","article-title":"Etofenamate and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation treatment of painful spinal syndromes","volume":"8","author":"Coletta","year":"1988","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0030|cit30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparative the effectiveness of occlusal splint and TENS treatments on clinical findings and pain threshold of temporomandibular disorders secondary to bruxism","volume":"55","author":"Do\u011fu","year":"2009","journal-title":"T\u00fcrkiye Fiziksel Tip ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-008-0819-x","article-title":"Effects of electrical stimulation program on trunk muscle strength, functional capacity, quality of life, and depression in the patients with low back pain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Durmus","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology International"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(85)90100-9","article-title":"Extrasegmental transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and mechanical vibratory stimulation as compared to placebo for the relief of acute oro-facial pain","volume":"23","author":"Ekblom","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0033|cit33","first-page":"315","article-title":"Are intra-articular corticosteroid injections better than conventional TENS in treatment of rotator cuff tendinitis in the short run? A randomized study","volume":"46","author":"Eyigor","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-006-0297-z","article-title":"Action potential simulation (APS) in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS): a controlled single subject experimental design","volume":"26","author":"Fengler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Rheumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2010.04.003","article-title":"Immediate effect of electric point stimulation (TENS) in treating latent upper trapezius trigger points: a double blind randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Gemmell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0036|cit36","first-page":"104","article-title":"Comparison of non-invasive and invasive techniques in the treatment of patients with myofascial pain syndrome","volume":"21","author":"G\u00fcl","year":"2009","journal-title":"A\u011fri Derne\u011fi'nin Yayin organidir"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02968733","article-title":"Post-tonsillectomy pain: Different modes of pain relief","volume":"54","author":"Gupta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199403000-00012","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (CODETRON) to determine its benefits in a rehabilitation program for acute occupational low back pain","volume":"19","author":"Herman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2005.09.002","article-title":"Comparison of electrotherapy of hemorrhoids and Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy in a randomized prospective study","volume":"3","author":"Izadpanah","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215510371417","article-title":"Pulsed radiofrequency versus conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in painful shoulder: a prospective, randomized study","volume":"24","author":"Korkmaz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hkpj.2014.06.002","article-title":"Effect of progressive muscular relaxation exercises versus transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on tension headache: A comparative study","volume":"32","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000197176.75598.fc","article-title":"TENS relieves acute posttraumatic hip pain during emergency transport","volume":"62","author":"Lang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1300\/J094v05n01_06","article-title":"The effectiveness of simultaneous thermotherapy with ultrasound and electrotherapy with combined AC and DC current on the immediate pain relief of myofascial trigger points","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.01.265","article-title":"The effectiveness of TENS for head and neck cancer pain and function: a randomized and placebo-controlled double blind pilot study","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/66.2.200","article-title":"Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation characteristics on clinical pain","volume":"66","author":"Leo","year":"1986","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)00980-8","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: an effective treatment for pain caused by renal colic in emergency care","volume":"175","author":"Mora","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Urology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01803.x","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to treat vestibulodynia: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"115","author":"Murina","year":"2008","journal-title":"British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.5604\/15093492.933786","article-title":"Assessment of the influence of Saunders traction and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on hand grip force in patients with neck pain","volume":"13","author":"My\u015bliwiec","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ortopedia, Traumatologia, Rehabilitacja"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215511400270","article-title":"Pulsed radiofrequency versus conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in painful shoulder: a prospective, randomized study - can you really have the conclusion?","volume":"25","author":"Peng-fei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199411001-00013","article-title":"A prospective randomized three-week trial of spinal manipulation, transcutaneous muscle stimulation, massage and corset in the treatment of subacute low back pain","volume":"19","author":"Pope","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-1728-0","article-title":"Effective treatment of symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy by high-frequency external muscle stimulation","volume":"48","author":"Reichstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2011.01824.x","article-title":"High-frequency TENS in post-episiotomy pain relief in primiparous puerpere: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Pitangui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.04.010","article-title":"Effects of burst-type transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on cervical range of motion and latent myofascial trigger point pain sensitivity","volume":"92","author":"Garrido-Santofimia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3109\/10582452.2010.538825","article-title":"Effect of different transcutaneous electrical stimulation modalities on cervical myofascial pain syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Sahin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1985.hed2501012.x","article-title":"Treatment of headache by transcutaneous electrical stimulation","volume":"25","author":"Solomon","year":"1985","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.7547\/0990481","article-title":"Use of low-frequency electrical stimulation for the treatment of plantar fasciitis","volume":"99","author":"Stratton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/00124743-199602000-00005","article-title":"Fibromyalgia benefits from massage therapy and transcutaneous electrical stimulation","volume":"2","author":"Sunshine","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Rheumatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1300\/J094v15n04_06","article-title":"Effects of steroid iontophoresis and electrotherapy on bicipital tendonitis","volume":"15","author":"Taskaynatan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0059|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3109\/10582450903495882","article-title":"Effects of short-term treatment with kinesiotaping for plantar fasciitis","volume":"18","author":"Tsai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(91)90199-8","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of different stimulation modes in relieving pain. Part I. A pilot study","volume":"47","author":"Tulgar","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(91)90200-H","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of different stimulation modes in relieving pain. Part II. A double-blind controlled long-term clinical trial","volume":"47","author":"Tulgar","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0062|cit62","first-page":"126","article-title":"Clinical observation on electroacupuncture at acupoints for treatment of senile radical sciatica","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhongguo zhen jiu (Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0063|cit63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.07.737","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation can reduce pain during diagnostic hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"100","author":"Cambiaghi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0064|cit64","first-page":"21","article-title":"Effect of massage therapy and of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on pain and electromyographic activity in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction","volume":"14","author":"Paiva Tosato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fisioterapia e Pesquisa"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0065|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-eular.1436","article-title":"Lumbar stabilization and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in lumbar disc herniation: Preliminary study","volume":"71","author":"Fran\u00e7a","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Disease. Conference: Annual European Congress of Rheumatology of the European League Against Rheumatism, EULAR"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0066|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199711000-00007","article-title":"The immediate effectiveness of electrical nerve stimulation and electrical muscle stimulation on myofascial trigger points","volume":"76","author":"Hsueh","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.01.703","article-title":"Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on pain, mobility and pulmonary function in kidney donors: a randomized, double-blind and controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Liebano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0068|cit68","first-page":"94","article-title":"Intraoperative transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation for postoperative posterior neck pain after thyroidectomy: A randomized trial","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.62816","article-title":"Effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and microcurrent electrical nerve stimulation in bruxism associated with masticatory muscle pain - a comparative study","volume":"21","author":"Rajpurohit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0070|cit70","first-page":"20","article-title":"Application of muscle energy technique in garbage collectors with acute mechanical lumbar pain Portuguese","volume":"12","author":"Salvador","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fisioterapia e Pesquisa"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0071|cit71","first-page":"197","article-title":"Cutaneous allodynia influences the analgesic effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation therapy in headache sufferers","volume":"33","author":"Salvino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e318246638f","article-title":"Analgesic effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation after laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"91","author":"Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S66","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-1993(11)60275-0","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for acute lung pain in cystic fibrosis","volume":"10","author":"Treacy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Cystic Fibrosis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.384","article-title":"Is mechanical pain threshold after transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) increased locally and unilaterally? A randomized placebo-controlled trial in healthy subjects","volume":"12","author":"Aarskog","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiotherapy Research International"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.12.009","article-title":"Methodological quality in randomised controlled trials of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation for pain: low fidelity may explain negative findings","volume":"152","author":"Bennett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-3801(02)00098-8","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) can reduce postoperative analgesic consumption. A meta-analysis with assessment of optimal treatment parameters for postoperative pain","volume":"7","author":"Bjordal","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-8-51","article-title":"Short-term efficacy of physical interventions in osteoarthritic knee pain. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials","volume":"8","author":"Bjordal","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0078|cit78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-4-200802190-00008","article-title":"Extending the CONSORT statement to randomized trials of nonpharmacologic treatment: explanation and elaboration","volume":"148","author":"Boutron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0079|cit79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/77.6.798","article-title":"Randomization is important in studies with pain outcomes: systematic review of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in acute postoperative pain","volume":"77","author":"Carroll","year":"1996","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2006.12.011","article-title":"Does the pulse frequency of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) influence hypoalgesia? A systematic review of studies using experimental pain and healthy human participants","volume":"94","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0081|cit81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.05.008","article-title":"An investigation into the hypoalgesic effects of high and low frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on experimentally-induced blunt pressure pain in healthy human participants","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0082|cit82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2010.00936.x","article-title":"A comparison of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) at 3 and 80 pulses per second on cold-pressor pain in healthy human participants","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318208c926","article-title":"Differential frequency effects of strong non-painful transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on experimentally-induced ischaemic pain in healthy human participants","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0084|cit84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2007.10.014","article-title":"Effects of simultaneous dual-site TENS stimulation on experimental pain","volume":"12","author":"Claydon","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0085|cit85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635-47","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31821962b4","article-title":"Dose-specific effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on experimental pain: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Claydon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0086|cit86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-008-0080-z","article-title":"Effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for treatment of hyperalgesia and pain","volume":"10","author":"DeSantana","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current Rheumatology Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0087|cit87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199002000-00003","article-title":"Can trials of physical treatments be blinded? The example of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for chronic pain","volume":"69","author":"Deyo","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0088|cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007214.pub2","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain management in labour","author":"Dowswell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0089|cit89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3727\/036012911803634139","article-title":"The characteristics of acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (acupuncture-like TENS): a literature review","volume":"36","author":"Francis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acupuncture and Electrotherapeutics Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0090|cit90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2009.219576","article-title":"Is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation effective in relieving postoperative pain after thoracotomy?","volume":"10","author":"Freynet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Interactive Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0091|cit91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)90124-4","article-title":"Decreased activity of spontaneous and noxiously evoked dorsal horn cells during transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)","volume":"58","author":"Garrison","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0092|cit92","unstructured":"Higgins JPT Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0093|cit93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.62.5","article-title":"Electrophysical agents - Contraindications and precautions: an evidence-based approach to clinical decision making in physical therapy","volume":"62","author":"Houghton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiotherapy Canada"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0094|cit94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dym020","article-title":"Blinded trials taken to the test: an analysis of randomized clinical trials that report tests for the success of blinding","volume":"36","author":"Hrobjartsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0095|cit95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4","article-title":"Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary?","volume":"17","author":"Jadad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Controlled Clinical Trials"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0096|cit96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(91)90089-G","article-title":"An in-depth study of long-term users of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Implications for clinical use of TENS","volume":"44","author":"Johnson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0097|cit97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/095939899307630","article-title":"A double blind placebo controlled investigation into the analgesic effects of interferential currents (IFC) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on cold induced pain in healthy subjects","volume":"15","author":"Johnson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0098|cit98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.02.007","article-title":"Efficacy of electrical nerve stimulation for chronic musculoskeletal pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"130","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0099|cit99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.77","article-title":"Pain: continued uncertainty of TENS' effectiveness for pain relief","volume":"6","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Rheumatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0100|cit100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735-53","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.11.48","article-title":"Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for the management of painful conditions: focus on neuropathic pain","volume":"11","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0101|cit101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199673278.001.0001","volume-title":"Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS). Research to Support Clinical Practice","author":"Johnson","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0102|cit102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)29376-9","article-title":"Blockade of opioid receptors in rostral ventral medulla prevents antihyperalgesia produced by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)","volume":"298","author":"Kalra","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0103|cit103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.07.012","article-title":"Deciphering the role of endogenous opioids in high-frequency TENS using low and high doses of naloxone","volume":"151","author":"Leonard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0104|cit104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.07.003","article-title":"Reduced analgesic effect of acupuncture-like TENS but not conventional TENS in opioid-treated patients","volume":"12","author":"L\u00e9onard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0105|cit105","first-page":"54","article-title":"Conventional and acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation excite similar afferent fibers","volume":"74","author":"Levin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0106|cit106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.10.040","article-title":"An investigation of the development of analgesic tolerance to TENS in humans","volume":"152","author":"Liebano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3699","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0107|cit107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3699.971","article-title":"Pain mechanisms: a new theory","volume":"150","author":"Melzack","year":"1965","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0108|cit108","volume-title":"Classification of Chronic Pain: Descriptions of Chronic Pain Syndromes and Definitions of Pain Terms","author":"Merskey","year":"1994"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0109|cit109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003222.pub2","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic pain","author":"Nnoaham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0110|cit110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002123","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and acupuncture for primary dysmenorrhoea","author":"Proctor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0111|cit111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(03)00207-0","article-title":"Spinal 5-HT(2) and 5-HT(3) receptors mediate low, but not high, frequency TENS-induced antihyperalgesia in rats","volume":"105","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0112|cit112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2005.06.001","article-title":"Deep tissue afferents, but not cutaneous afferents, mediate transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation-induced antihyperalgesia","volume":"6","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0113|cit113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.07.007","article-title":"A new transient sham TENS device allows for investigator blinding while delivering a true placebo treatment","volume":"11","author":"Rakel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0114|cit114","unstructured":"The Nordic Cochrane Centre; The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager 2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0115|cit115","first-page":"75","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation after thoracic surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 randomized trials","volume":"27","author":"Sbruzzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0116|cit116","first-page":"395","volume-title":"Pain. A Textbook for Health Professionals","author":"Schug","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0117|cit117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)38209-6","article-title":"Spinal blockade of opioid receptors prevents the analgesia produced by TENS in arthritic rats","volume":"289","author":"Sluka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0118|cit118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20120281","article-title":"What makes transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation work? Making sense of the mixed results in the clinical literature","volume":"93","author":"Sluka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0119|cit119","first-page":"397","volume-title":"Pain: a Textbook for Therapists","author":"Strong","year":"2002"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0120|cit120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.07.017","article-title":"Alternating frequencies of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation: does it produce greater analgesic effects on mechanical and thermal pain thresholds?","volume":"88","author":"Tong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3-BIB0121|cit121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub2","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for acute pain","author":"Walsh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T17:09:49Z","timestamp":1748452189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD006142.pub3"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Group","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]]},"references-count":121,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd006142.pub3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]]}}}