{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:10:38Z","timestamp":1776723038652,"version":"3.51.2"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd006304.pub2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,16]],"date-time":"2012-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1337126400000}}],"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd006304.pub3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,10]],"date-time":"2012-05-10T20:14:55Z","timestamp":1336680895000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Christine E","family":"East","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University\/Southern Health; School of Nursing and Midwifery\/Maternity Services; 246 Clayton Road Clayton Victoria Australia 3168"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Begg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Women's Hospital; Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics; 20 Flemington Road Parkville Victoria Australia 3052"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naomi E","family":"Henshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Hospital for Women; Delivery Suite; Randwick New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul R","family":"Marchant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Metropolitan University; University Research Office; 215 Caedmon Hall Beckett Park Leeds UK LS6 3QS"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Health Services; Nursing Research Centre including QLD Centre for Evidence Based Nursing & Midwifery (a collaborating centre of The Joanna Briggs Institute).; Level 1 Augbiny Place Raymond Terrace South Brisbane. Q Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0001|cit1","first-page":"10","article-title":"A randomized trial of pulsed electromagnetic energy compared with ice-packs for the relief of postnatal perineal pain","volume":"93","author":"Gallie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Women's Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.1989.tb00475.x","article-title":"Effects of heat and cold on the perineum after episiotomy\/laceration","volume":"18","author":"Hill","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-2011.2010.00018.x","article-title":"Perineal analgesia with an ice pack after spontaneous vaginal birth: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"Leventhal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0004|cit4","unstructured":"Leventhal LC Ice pack for relieving perineal pain after normal delivery Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (www.anzctr.org.au) (accessed April 2011) 2008"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3109\/01443618909151090","article-title":"A random trial of three topical analgesic agents in the treatment of episiotomy pain following instrumental vaginal delivery","volume":"10","author":"Moore","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0006|cit6","first-page":"87","article-title":"Cold and reduced episiotomy pain interfere with mood and daily activity","volume":"12","author":"Navvabi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Shiraz Electronic Medical Journal"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2009.17.11.45030","article-title":"Effectiveness of cooling gel pads and ice packs on perineal pain","volume":"17","author":"Navvabi","year":"2009","journal-title":"British Journal of Midwifery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3923\/rjmsci.2011.150.154","article-title":"Episiotomy discomforts relief using cold gel pads in primparous Iranian women (A comparative study)","volume":"5","author":"Sheiken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Research Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"Suppl 17","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0009|cit9","first-page":"88","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of a new maternity cooling gel pad against ice packs and epifoam in the management of perineal oedema, bruising and pain after instrumental vaginal delivery","volume":"105","author":"Griffith-Jones","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0011|cit10","unstructured":"Steen M Cooper K Perineal trauma: a localised cooling treatment for alleviating perineal oedema, bruising and pain following an episiotomy \"What works\": research and practice in nursing; 1998 June 25; Leeds, UK 1998"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0010|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1054\/midw.1999.0188","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of icepacks and epifoam with cooling maternity gel pads at alleviating postnatal perineal trauma","volume":"16","author":"Steen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0014|cit12","first-page":"373","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of localised cooling treatments in alleviating perineal trauma: the APT study","volume":"12","author":"Steen","year":"2002","journal-title":"MIDIRS Midwifery Digest"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0012|cit13","first-page":"256","article-title":"Alleviating perineal trauma - the APT study","volume":"4","author":"Steen","year":"2001","journal-title":"RCM Midwives Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0013|cit14","first-page":"16","article-title":"Ice packs and cooling gel pads versus no localised treatment for relief of perineal pain: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Steen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Evidence Based Midwifery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0015|cit15","first-page":"8","article-title":"Perineal cold pads versus oral analgesics in the relief of postpartum perineal wound pain","volume":"15","author":"Thangaraju","year":"2006","journal-title":"Singapore General Hospital Proceedings"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0016|cit16","first-page":"87","article-title":"Relief perineal pain after perineorrhahy by cold gel pack pad: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Yasumran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thai Journal of Nursing Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0017|cit17","first-page":"12","article-title":"A sensitive area (Care of the episiotomy in the post-partum period)","volume":"1","author":"Barclay","year":"1983","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.1989.tb00493.x","article-title":"Postepisiotomy pain: warm versus cold sitz bath","volume":"18","author":"LaFoy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0019|cit19","first-page":"27","article-title":"A study on comparisons of ice bag and heat lamp for the relief of perineal discomfort","volume":"21","author":"Nam","year":"1991","journal-title":"Kanho Hakhoe Chi"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5238.1536-a","article-title":"Ice-packs after episiotomy","volume":"1","author":"Pinkerton","year":"1961","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.1986.tb01426.x","article-title":"A comparison of cold and warm sitz baths for relief of postpartum perineal pain","volume":"15","author":"Ramler","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0022|cit22","unstructured":"Junqueira S Comparison of application time of an icepack for relief of perineal pain after normal birth: randomized clinical trial Personal communication 3 May 2011"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006672","article-title":"Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma","author":"Aasheim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536x.1999.00011.x","article-title":"Distribution of genital tract trauma in childbirth and related postnatal pain","volume":"26","author":"Albers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0025|cit25","first-page":"36","article-title":"Detection of cold pain, cold allodynia and cold hyperalgesia in freely behaving rats","volume":"14","author":"Allchorne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Molecular Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)80085-6","article-title":"Routine vs selective episiotomy: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"342","author":"Argentine Episiotomy Trial Collaborative Group","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005123.pub2","article-title":"Antenatal perineal massage for reducing perineal trauma","author":"Beckmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0028|cit28","first-page":"1775","volume-title":"The Management of Pain","author":"Bonica","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1996.tb14995.x","article-title":"Evaluation of the contribution to post-operative analgesia by local cooling of the wound","volume":"51","author":"Brandner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.04.008","article-title":"Rate of dyspareunia after delivery in primiparae according to mode of birth","volume":"124","author":"Buhling","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000081","article-title":"Episiotomy for vaginal birth","author":"Carroli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007734","article-title":"Drugs for perineal pain in the early postpartum period: generic protocol","author":"Chou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008407","article-title":"Paracetamol\/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period","author":"Chou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536x.2001.00022.x","article-title":"Reducing postnatal pain from perineal tears by using lignocaine gel: a double-blind randomized trial","volume":"28","author":"Corkill","year":"2001","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2006.04.004","article-title":"An Australian perspective cohort study of risk factors for severe perineal trauma during childbirth","volume":"23","author":"Dahlen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2007.00186.x","article-title":"Perineal outcomes and maternal comfort related to the application of perineal warm packs in the second stage of labor: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Dahlen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470693926.ch15","article-title":"Statistical methods for examining heterogeneity and combining results from several studies in meta-analysis","volume-title":"Systematic reviews in health care: meta-analysis in context","author":"Deeks","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/75.2.125","article-title":"Inflammatory mediators of pain","volume":"75","author":"Dray","year":"1995","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0039|cit39","first-page":"5 pages","article-title":"Perineal pain following childbirth: prevalence, effects on postnatal recovery and analgesia usage","volume":"DOI:10.1016\/j.m","author":"East","year":"2011","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-3924(94)90150-3","article-title":"Ice freezes pain? A review of the clinical effectiveness of analgesic cold therapy","volume":"9","author":"Ernst","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Pain and Symptom Management"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0042|cit42","unstructured":"Francisco AA De Oliveira SMJV da Silva FMB Bick D Riesco MLG Women's experiences of perineal pain during the immediate postnatal period: A cross-sectional study in Brazil Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09132.x","article-title":"Postnatal maternal morbidity: extent, causes, prevention and treatment","volume":"102","author":"Glazener","year":"1995","journal-title":"British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0044|cit44","first-page":"1347","article-title":"Relief of perineal pain and discomfort after childbirth","volume-title":"Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth","volume":"2","author":"Grant","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1989.tb02419.x","article-title":"Ultrasound and pulsed electromagnetic energy treatment for perineal trauma. A randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"96","author":"Grant","year":"1989","journal-title":"British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.1997.6.10.584","article-title":"The role of the midwife in perineal wound care following childbirth. Wound Care Clinic","volume":"6","author":"Grundy","year":"1997","journal-title":"British Journal of Nursing"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3443","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2380","article-title":"A modified test for small-study effects in meta-analyses of controlled trials with binary endpoints","volume":"25","author":"Harbord","year":"2006","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-6138(05)80080-4","article-title":"The impact of research findings on current practice in relieving postpartum perineal pain in a large district general hospital","volume":"8","author":"Harris","year":"1992","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000495","article-title":"Therapeutic ultrasound for postpartum perineal pain and dyspareunia","author":"Hay-Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199402000-00019","article-title":"Cold compressive dressing after total knee arthroscopy","volume":"299","author":"Healy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003931","article-title":"Rectal analgesia for pain from perineal trauma following childbirth","author":"Hedayati","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004223.pub2","article-title":"Topically applied anaesthetics for treating perineal pain after childbirth","author":"Hedayati","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0053|cit53","unstructured":"Higgins JPT Green S Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 4.2.4 [updated March 2005] In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2005. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0054|cit54","unstructured":"Higgins JPT Green S Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)71171-7","article-title":"Increased comfort after cataract surgery","volume":"119","author":"Hiroshi","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Opthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-004-1283-0","article-title":"Combined urinary and faecal incontinence","volume":"16","author":"Kapoor","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000947","article-title":"Continuous versus interrupted sutures for perineal repair","author":"Kettle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000006","article-title":"Absorbable synthetic versus catgut suture material for perineal repair","author":"Kettle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0059|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.03.033","article-title":"Why cooling is beneficial: non-linear temperature-dependency of stimulated iCGRP release from isolated rat skin","volume":"110","author":"Kichko","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2005.07.013","article-title":"Episiotomy rates from eleven developing countries","volume":"91","author":"Kropp","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0061|cit61","volume-title":"Australia's mothers and babies 2008. AIHW","author":"Laws","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1590\/S0080-62342010000200014","article-title":"Clinical trial comparing three types of cryotherapy in non-pregnant women","volume":"44","author":"Leventhal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0063|cit63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199312000-00029","article-title":"The role of cold compression dressing in the post-operative treatment of total knee arthroscopy","volume":"297","author":"Levy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0064|cit64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-15656","article-title":"Ice therapy: how good is the evidence?","volume":"22","author":"Mac Auley","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0065|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004308.pub2","article-title":"Single dose oral indometacin for the treatment of acute postoperative pain","author":"Mason","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0066|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10004.x","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of care of the perineum during second stage of normal labour","volume":"105","author":"McCandlish","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657700500305","article-title":"A literary review on ice therapy in injuries","volume":"5","author":"McMasters","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0068|cit68","unstructured":"Government Statistical Service NHS Maternity Statistics, England: 2003-04 http:\/\/www.dh.gov.uk\/assetRoot\/04\/10\/70\/61\/04107061.pdf 1 45"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-6138(05)80250-5","article-title":"The impact of obstetric procedures and analgesia\/anaesthesia during labour and delivery on breast feeding","volume":"10","author":"Rajan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0070|cit70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-005-1437-z","article-title":"ThermoTRP channels and cold sensing: what are they and what do they do?","volume":"451","author":"Reid","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0071|cit71","unstructured":"The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager (RevMan) 2003"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0072|cit72","unstructured":"The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager (RevMan) 2011"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0073|cit73","first-page":"765","article-title":"Midline episiotomies: more harm than good?","volume":"75","author":"Shiono","year":"1990","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"6445","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6445.587","article-title":"West Berkshire perineal management trial","volume":"289","author":"Sleep","year":"1984","journal-title":"British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-6138(88)80024-X","article-title":"Relief of perineal pain following childbirth: a survey of midwifery practice","volume":"4","author":"Sleep","year":"1988","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0076|cit76","first-page":"199","article-title":"Perineal care: a series of five randomized controlled trials","volume-title":"Midwives, Research and Childbirth","volume":"2","author":"Sleep","year":"1991"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.1998.6.9.572","article-title":"Cold therapy and perineal wounds: too cool or not too cool?","volume":"6","author":"Steen","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal of Midwifery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0078|cit78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.1999.8.2.25843","article-title":"A new device for the treatment of perineal wounds","volume":"8","author":"Steen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Wound Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0079|cit79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1053\/beog.2002.0258","article-title":"Low genital tract and anal sphincter trauma","volume":"16","author":"Sultan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536X.2002.00167.x","article-title":"Prevalence and persistence of health problems after childbirth: associations with parity and method of birth","volume":"29","author":"Thompson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0081|cit81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.97.5.658","article-title":"Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and smoking and aspirin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug consumption during pregnancy","volume":"97","author":"Marter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0082|cit82","first-page":"18","article-title":"Episiotomy: issues for practice. Wound care","volume":"4","author":"Walker","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nursing"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3-BIB0083|cit83","first-page":"891","article-title":"Postpartum pain after vaginal delivery. A review of comparative analgesic trials","volume":"34","author":"Windle","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Medicine"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd006304.pub4","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]],"date-time":"2020-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602201600000}}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,15]],"date-time":"2022-01-15T11:04:30Z","timestamp":1642244670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,16]]},"references-count":83,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd006304.pub3","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub4","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,16]]}}}