{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:41:32Z","timestamp":1792500092526,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd006764.pub3","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660003200000}}],"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd006764.pub4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T06:27:45Z","timestamp":1660026465000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Myfanwy J","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group, Department of Women's and Children's Health; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny A","family":"Ramson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona C","family":"Brownfoot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mercy Hospital for Women; Heidelberg Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0001|cit1","unstructured":"Fetal cardiovascular response to maternal corticosteroid administration: a comparison of dexamethasone versus betamethasone trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ACTRN12612000282886"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crowther C Middleton P Andersen C Ashwood P Doyle L Robinson J Dexamethasone or betamethasone prior to preterm birth to increase survival free of childhood neurosensory disability: the A*STEROID Trial Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 2017 53 Suppl 2 22","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13494_57"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0003|cit3","unstructured":"Crowther C Australasian antenatal study to evaluate the role of intramuscular dexamethasone versus betamethasone prior to preterm birth to increase survival free of childhood neurosensory disability \u2013 a randomised controlled trial trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ACTRN12608000631303"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30292-5","article-title":"Maternal intramuscular dexamethasone versus betamethasone before preterm birth (ASTEROID): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Crowther","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Child & Adolescent Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-104","article-title":"Australasian randomised trial to evaluate the role of maternal intramuscular dexamethasone versus betamethasone prior to preterm birth to increase survival free of childhood neurosensory disability (A*STEROID): study protocol","volume":"13","author":"Crowther","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1159\/000517623","article-title":"Short-term effects of dexamethasone versus betamethasone on ultrasonic measures of fetal well-being: cohort from a blinded, randomized trial","volume":"48","author":"Henry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12788","article-title":"Comprehensive ultrasound evaluation of short-term fetal effects of dexamethasone and betamethasone","volume":"42","author":"Henry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0263927","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263927","article-title":"Maternal and infant morbidity following administration of repeat dexamethasone or betamethasone prior to preterm birth: a secondary analysis of the ASTEROID trial","volume":"17","author":"Hofer","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0009|cit9","first-page":"21","article-title":"Effect of maternal body mass index on neonatal health following the administration of antenatal corticosteroids","volume":"56","author":"Hofer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.13291","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids, maternal body mass index and infant morbidity within the ASTEROID trial","volume":"61","author":"Hofer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0011|cit11","first-page":"S19","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of oral and intramuscular dexamethasone in the prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"178","author":"Egerman","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70116-4","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of oral and intramuscular dexamethasone in the prevention of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"179","author":"Egerman","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0013|cit13","first-page":"S182","article-title":"A comparison between oral and intramuscular dexamethasone in suppressing unconjugated estriol levels during the third trimester","volume":"178","author":"Egerman","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70138-3","article-title":"Comparison between oral and intramuscular dexamethasone in suppressing unconjugated estriol levels during the third trimester","volume":"179","author":"Egerman","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000268281.36788.81","article-title":"Antenatal betamethasone compared with dexamethasone (Betacode Trial): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"110","author":"Elimian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.10.010","article-title":"'Betacode Trial' antenatal betamethasone compared to dexamethasone: a randomized controlled trial [abstract]","volume":"193","author":"Elimian","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0017|cit17","unstructured":"Antenatal Betamethasone Compared to Dexamethasone \u2013 \"BETACODE TRIAL\" clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT00418353"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.01.025","article-title":"Betamethasone dosing interval: 12 or 24 hours apart? A randomized, noninferiority open trial","volume":"206","author":"Khandelwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.10.042","article-title":"Betamethasone dosing interval \u221212 or 24 hours apart?","volume":"206","author":"Khandelwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0020|cit20","unstructured":"Betamethasone dosing interval \u2013 12 or 24 hours? clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT00453141"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1997.tb10968.x","article-title":"A randomised control comparison of betamethasone with dexamethasone: effects on the antenatal fetal heart rate","volume":"104","author":"Magee","year":"1997","journal-title":"British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1997.tb10969.x","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroid therapy and fetal behaviour: a randomised study of the effects of betamethasone and dexamethasone","volume":"104","author":"Mulder","year":"1997","journal-title":"British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(00)00498-X","article-title":"The effects of betamethasone versus dexamethasone on fetal biophysical parameters","volume":"97","author":"Mushkat","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0024|cit24","first-page":"S185","article-title":"The effects of betamethasone versus dexamethasone on computer-analysed fetal heart rate characteristics: a prospective randomized trial","volume":"178","author":"Rotmensch","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.1999.780604.x","article-title":"The effect of betamethasone and dexamethasone on fetal heart rate patterns and biophysical activities. A prospective randomised trial","volume":"78","author":"Rotmensch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0026|cit26","first-page":"156","article-title":"Effect of dexamethasone and betamethasone on fetal heart rate variability in preterm labor: a randomized study","volume":"1","author":"Minoui","year":"1996","journal-title":"Prenatal and Neonatal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10206.x","article-title":"Effects of dexamethasone and betamethasone on fetal heart rate variability in preterm labour a randomised study","volume":"105","author":"Senat","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.136","article-title":"Immediate and delayed effects of antenatal corticosteroids on fetal heart rate: a randomised trial that compares betamethasone acetate and phosphate, betamethasone phosphate, and dexamethasone","volume":"188","author":"Subtil","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0029|cit29","first-page":"179","article-title":"Randomized trial comparing three different forms of antenatal corticotherapy on fetal heart rate","volume":"104","author":"Subtil","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2004.09.009","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroid therapy: a comparative study of dexamethasone and betamethasone effects on fetal doppler flow velocity waveforms","volume":"120","author":"Urban","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(96)00446-2","article-title":"A comparison of the bioavailability of oral and intramuscular dexamethasone in women in late pregnancy","volume":"89","author":"Egerman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0032|cit32","unstructured":"Impact of betamethasone on preterm infants outcomes trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=IRCT2014090912789N6"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0033|cit33","first-page":"215","article-title":"L-carnitine-betamethasone combination vs betamethasone for prevention of respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"197","author":"Kurz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Perinatologie"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fml028","article-title":"The combined antenatal corticosteroids and vitamin K therapy for preventing periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage in premature newborns less than 35 weeks gestation","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Pediatrics"},{"issue":"167:1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0035|cit35","first-page":"38","article-title":"The ineffectiveness of dexamethasone to accelerate the progression of L-S ratio","volume":"76","author":"Romaguera","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica Supplement"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0036|cit36","unstructured":"Salzer H Husslein P Binstorfer E Wagner G Simbruner G Popov CH First clinical trial of combination of carnitine and dexamethasone for the induction of lung maturity 8th European Congress of Perinatal Medicine; 1982 Sept 7-10; Brussels, Belgium"},{"issue":"6 Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.09.191","article-title":"Antenatal steroids for enhancement of fetal lung maturity after 34 weeks: lung maturity and antenatal steroids (LUMAS) study","volume":"199","author":"Shanks","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.02.038","article-title":"Administration of steroids after 34 weeks of gestation enhances fetal lung maturity profiles","volume":"203","author":"Shanks","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0039|cit39","unstructured":"Is there a difference between 2 doses of 12 mg of dexamethasone given 12 hours apart compared with 4 doses of 6 mg dexamethasone given 12 hours apart in terms of the dosing regimen's impact on causing high blood sugar in the mother when dexamethasone is given to minimise risk of prematurity complications? trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ISRCTN16613220"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05950-3","article-title":"Glycemic control following\u00a0two regimens of\u00a0antenatal corticosteroids in\u00a0mild gestational diabetes: a\u00a0randomized controlled trial","volume":"304","author":"Sukarna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0041|cit41","first-page":"399","article-title":"Clinical randomised trial: stimulation of fetal surfactant production by carnitine combined with a reduced betamethasone dose","volume":"237","author":"Vytiska-Binstorfer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Archives of Gynaecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(76)90172-1","article-title":"A comparison of two glucocorticoid regimens for acceleration of fetal lung maturation in premature labour","volume":"124","author":"Whitt","year":"1976","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S1028-4559(09)60147-9","article-title":"Effects of antenatal betamethasone and dexamethasone in preterm neonates","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-1770.ijrcog20150414","article-title":"Comparative study of dexamethasone and betamethasone for women at risk of preterm birth","volume":"4","author":"Chhatrala","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0045|cit45","first-page":"911","article-title":"Effects of antenatal corticosteroids on maternal serum indicators of infection in women at risk for preterm delivery: a randomized trial comparing betamethasone and dexamethasone","volume":"17","author":"Danesh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0046|cit46","first-page":"669","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of 12 hours vs 24 hours betamethasone dosing interval in preterm premature rupture of membranes for prevention of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates","volume":"7","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0047|cit47","unstructured":"Betamethasone administration in preterm labor trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=IRCT201402072624N11"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2017.1413080","article-title":"Comparison between two doses of betamethasone administration with 12 hours vs. 24 hours intervals on prevention of respiratory distress syndrome: a randomised trial","volume":"38","author":"Kashanian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0049|cit49","first-page":"393","article-title":"Efficacy of two regimens of dexamethasone for Management of preterm labour: pilot study","volume":"29","author":"Rasool","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.733758","article-title":"Dosage regimen of antenatal steroids prior to preterm delivery and effects on maternal and neonatal outcomes","volume":"26","author":"Romejko-Wolniewicz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0051|cit51","unstructured":"A comparison between betamethasone and dexamethasone on biophysical profile in 28wk \u2013 32wk pregnant women at risk of preterm labor trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=IRCT201212307513N2"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0052|cit52","first-page":"1124","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of betamethasone versus dexamethasone on the amniotic fluid index in the women at risk of preterm labor","volume":"19","author":"Tehrani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0053|cit53","unstructured":"Effect of antenatal corticosteroids on neonatal morbidity clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT03446937"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0054|cit54","first-page":"104","article-title":"Effect of antenatal corticosteroids in late preterm delivery: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"128","author":"Yahya","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJOG: an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0055|cit55","unstructured":"The effect of antenatal intramuscular administration of two doses of betamethasone every 12 hours on acute pulmonary complications in preterm infants born trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=IRCT2015120415634N2"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0056|cit56","unstructured":"Dexamethasone for preterm labour clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT01697098"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0057|cit57","unstructured":"Single dose antenatal corticosteroids (SNACS) for women at risk of preterm birth clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT04494529"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0058|cit58","unstructured":"Single dose of antenatal corticosteroids for pregnancies at risk of preterm delivery (SNACS) clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT05114096"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0059|cit59","unstructured":"BETADOSE: dose reduction of antenatal betamethasone given to prevent the neonatal complications associated with very preterm birth: a randomized, multicenter, double blind placebo-controlled non inferiority trial trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=EUCTR2016-001486-90-FR"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0060|cit60","unstructured":"Dose reduction of antenatal betamethasone given to prevent the neonatal complications associated with very preterm birth clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT02897076"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2206-x","article-title":"Full versus half dose of antenatal betamethasone to prevent severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome associated with preterm birth: study protocol for a randomised, multicenter, double blind, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority trial (BETADOSE)","volume":"19","author":"Schmitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.12.1205","article-title":"Dose reduction of antenatal betamethasone in women at risk of very preterm delivery (BETADOSE trial)","volume":"224","author":"Schmitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0063|cit63","unstructured":"Effect of different doses of steroid on respiratory distress syndrome in moderate to late preterm neonates born between 320-366 weeks of gestation: a randomized controlled trial trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=TCTR20200729002"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0064|cit64","unstructured":"Improving newborn survival in preterm birth trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=CTRI\/2021\/03\/032429"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0065|cit65","unstructured":"Antenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of birth in the late preterm period to improve newborn outcomes trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ISRCTN11434567"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0066|cit66","unstructured":"The WHO ACTION (Antenatal CorticosTeroids for Improving Outcomes in Preterm Newborns) Trials trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=PACTR202105463874444"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0067|cit67","first-page":"496","volume-title":"Australian Medicines Handbook","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0068|cit68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90210-4","article-title":"Scientific basis and therapeutic regimens for use of antenatal glucocorticoids","volume":"173","author":"Ballard","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000137351.71015.ac","article-title":"Short term outcomes in low birth weight infants following antenatal exposure to betamethasone versus dexamethasone","volume":"104","author":"Bar-Lev","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0070|cit70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910143411604","article-title":"Antenatal glucocorticoid treatment and cystic periventricular leukomalacia in very premature infants","volume":"341","author":"Baud","year":"1999","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0071|cit71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13938","article-title":"Data fabrication and other reasons for non-random sampling in 5087 randomised, controlled trial in anaesthetic and general medical journals","volume":"72","author":"Carlisle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30451-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: a systematic review and modelling analysis","volume":"7","author":"Chawanpaiboon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0073|cit73","volume-title":"Report of the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network 2010","author":"Chow","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2021.100312","article-title":"Dexamethsone versus betamethasone for preterm birth: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Ciapponi","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003935.pub4","article-title":"Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for improving neonatal health outcomes","author":"Crowther","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"7518","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38576.494363.E0","article-title":"Antenatal exposure to betamethasone: psychological functioning and health related quality of life 31 years after inclusion in randomised controlled trials","volume":"331","author":"Dalziel","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.1.134","article-title":"Outcome at 5 years of age of children 23 to 27 weeks gestation: refining the prognosis","volume":"108","author":"Doyle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0078|cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13836","article-title":"FIGO good practice recommendations on the use of prenatal corticosteroids to improve outcomes and minimize harm in babies born preterm","volume":"155","author":"Norman","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0079|cit79","first-page":"316","article-title":"Repeated courses of antenatal corticosteroids","volume":"97","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0080|cit80","first-page":"73","article-title":"Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth","volume":"371","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0081|cit81","unstructured":"GRADEpro GDT McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0082|cit82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2003.00218.x","article-title":"Preterm delivery: an overview","volume":"82","author":"Haram","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-7-43","article-title":"Optimising reproductive and child health outcomes by building evidence-based research and practice in South East Asia (SEA-ORCHID): study protocol","volume":"7","author":"Henderson-Smart","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Medical Research Methodology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0084|cit84","unstructured":"Higgins JP Green S Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/archive\/v5.1\/"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0085|cit85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-0005(96)80011-5","article-title":"Glucocorticoid use in patients with preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes","volume":"20","author":"Imseis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Seminars in Perinatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0086|cit86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.01.044","article-title":"Choice and dose of corticosteroid for antenatal treatments","volume":"190","author":"Jobe","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0087|cit87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-01249-w","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids: a reappraisal of the drug formulation and dose","volume":"89","author":"Jobe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0088|cit88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6894.1715","article-title":"Functional abilities at age 4 years of children born before 29 weeks gestation","volume":"306","author":"Johnson","year":"1993","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0089|cit89","volume-title":"Basic and Clinical Pharmacology","author":"Katzung","year":"2004"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0090|cit90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1749","article-title":"Adverse neonatal outcomes associated with antenatal dexamethasone versus antenatal betamethasone","volume":"117","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0091|cit91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(76)90781-X","article-title":"Maternal, fetal and intra-amniotic hormonal and biologic changes resulting from a single dose of hydrocortisone injected in the intra-amniotic compartment","volume":"125","author":"Lefebvre","year":"1976","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0092|cit92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0450515","article-title":"Premature delivery of foetal lambs infused with corticosteroids","volume":"45","author":"Liggins","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0093|cit93","unstructured":"Liggins GC Prenatal glucocorticoid treatment: prevention of respiratory distress syndrome Moore TD Lung maturation and the prevention of hyaline membrane disease. Report of the Seventieth Ross Conference on Paediatric Research; 1976; Columbus (OH) 1976 97 103"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0094|cit94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004454.pub4","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth","author":"McGoldrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0095|cit95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.95.6.845","article-title":"Antenatal steroids are associated with less need for blood pressure support in extremely premature infants","volume":"95","author":"Moise","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0096|cit96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(82)90054-1","article-title":"The absorption by the human fetus of intra-amniotically injected cortisol","volume":"16","author":"Murphy","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Steroid Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0097|cit97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61577-8","article-title":"Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after intrauterine and neonatal insults: a systematic review","volume":"379","author":"Mwaniki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0098|cit98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520290065031","article-title":"Effect of corticosteroids for fetal maturation on perinatal outcomes. NIH Consensus Development panel on the effect of corticosteroids for fetal maturation on perinatal outcomes","volume":"273","author":"National Institutes of Health","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0099|cit99","unstructured":"Antenatal corticosteroids revisited NIH Consensus Statement 2000 17 2 1 10"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0100|cit100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444329773","volume-title":"The Neonatal Formulary: Drug Use in Pregnancy and the First Year of Life 6th Edition (NNF6)","author":"Hey","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0101|cit101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1571202","article-title":"Short and long-term outcomes for extremely preterm infants","volume":"33","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0102|cit102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00542524","article-title":"Disposition of betamethasone in parturient women after intravenous administration","volume":"25","author":"Petersen","year":"1983","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0103|cit103","unstructured":"Review Manager (RevMan) The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration 2020"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0104|cit104","first-page":"307","article-title":"Changing practice on corticosteroids","volume":"88","author":"Saengwaree","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand"},{"issue":"9608","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0105|cit105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60136-1","article-title":"An overview of mortality and sequelae of preterm birth from infancy to adulthood","volume":"371","author":"Saigal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0106|cit106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45171-6","article-title":"Dosing and formulation of antenatal corticosteroids for fetal lung maturation and gene expression in rhesus macaques","volume":"9","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0107|cit107","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann H Bro\u017cek J Guyatt G Oxman A Handbook for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using the GRADE approach (updated October 2013). GRADE Working Group, 2013 Available from gdt.guidelinedevelopment.org\/app\/handbook\/handbook.html"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0108|cit108","first-page":"491","article-title":"Multiple courses of antenatal steroids: risks and benefits","volume":"98","author":"Walfisch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0109|cit109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub2","article-title":"Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth","author":"Brownfoot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4-BIB0110|cit110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub3","article-title":"Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth","author":"Brownfoot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T14:21:56Z","timestamp":1761142916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD006764.pub4"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd006764.pub4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]}}}