{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T05:18:13Z","timestamp":1780377493718,"version":"3.54.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd007701.pub2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]],"date-time":"2017-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505260800000}}],"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd007701.pub3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]],"date-time":"2017-09-13T03:31:26Z","timestamp":1505273486000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Pharmacological and mechanical interventions for labour induction in outpatient settings"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2017","author":[{"given":"Joshua P","family":"Vogel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization; UNDP\/UNFPA\/UNICEF\/WHO\/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research; Avenue Appia 20 Geneva Switzerland CH-1211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred O","family":"Osoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nairobi; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; P.O. Box 19676 Nairobi Kenya 00202"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Royal Sussex County Hospital Eastern Road Brighton UK BN2 5BE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Livio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milan, Children's Hospital \"V. Buzzi\"; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Via Castelvetro 32 Milano Italy 20154"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane E","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh Queen's Medical Research Centre; MRC Centre for Reproductive Health; Edinburgh UK EH16 4TJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zarko","family":"Alfirevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Liverpool; Department of Women's and Children's Health; First Floor, Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust Crown Street Liverpool UK L8 7SS"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.04.017","article-title":"Evaluation of isosorbide mononitrate for cervical ripening prior to induction of labor for postdated pregnancy in an outpatient setting","volume":"118","author":"Agarwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0002|cit2","first-page":"28, Abstract no","article-title":"Outpatient cervical ripening with vaginal isosorbide mononitrate in uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at 39 weeks gestation: A double blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Attanayake","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sri Lanka Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-6-25","article-title":"IMOP: randomised placebo controlled trial of outpatient cervical ripening with isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) prior to induction of labour - clinical trial with analyses of efficacy, cost effectiveness and acceptability","volume":"6","author":"Bollapragada","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0004|cit4","first-page":"S22","article-title":"Randomized placebo controlled trial of outpatient cervical ripening with isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) prior to induction of labour - clinical trial with analyses of efficacy, cost effectiveness and acceptability. The IMOP study [abstract]","volume":"27","author":"Bollapragada","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02216.x","article-title":"Randomised placebo-controlled trial of outpatient (at home) cervical ripening with isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) prior to induction of labour-clinical trial with analyses of efficacy and acceptability. The IMOP study","volume":"116","author":"Bollapragada","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02236.x","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness of outpatient (at home) cervical ripening with isosorbide mononitrate prior to induction of labour","volume":"116","author":"Eddama","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2009.11.003","article-title":"The home as an appropriate setting for women undertaking cervical ripening before the induction of labour","volume":"27","author":"Reid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.08.034","article-title":"Outpatient vaginal administration of the nitric oxide donor isosorbide mononitrate for cervical ripening and labor induction postterm: a randomized controlled study","volume":"196","author":"Bullarbo","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0009|cit9","first-page":"155","article-title":"Intracervical prostaglandin in postdate pregnancy. A randomized trial","volume":"35","author":"Buttino","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0010|cit10","unstructured":"Elliot CL Brennand JE Calder AA The effect of mifepristone (RU486) on cervical ripening and induction of labour in human pregnancy 27th British Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; 1995 July 4-7; Dublin, Ireland 1995 207"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0011|cit11","first-page":"804","article-title":"The effects of mifepristone on cervical ripening and labor induction in primigravidae","volume":"92","author":"Elliott","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"8739","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)93421-5","article-title":"Mifepristone for induction of labour","volume":"337","author":"Frydman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0013|cit13","first-page":"972","article-title":"Labor induction in women at term with mifepristone (RU 486): a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"80","author":"Frydman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(93)90660-O","article-title":"Labor induction in women at term with mifepristone (RU 486): a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"42","author":"Frydman","year":"1993","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0015|cit15","first-page":"1133","article-title":"RU 486 (mifepristone): A new tool for labour induction in term women with fetus alive","volume":"20","author":"Frydman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Contraception, Fertilite, Sexualite"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0016|cit16","first-page":"92","article-title":"RU 486 (mifepristone) in medical indications for labour induction in pregnancies at term: results of a randomized, double-blind study of RU 486 vs placebo","volume":"22","author":"Lelaidier","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1220790","article-title":"Outpatient oral misoprostol for prolonged pregnancies: a pilot investigation","volume":"26","author":"Gaffaney","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0018|cit18","first-page":"12","article-title":"Effect of outpatient isorbide mononitrate on success of labor induction","volume":"15","author":"Ghanaie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0019|cit19","first-page":"487","article-title":"Cervical ripening with mifepristone before labor induction: a randomized study","volume":"92","author":"Giacalone","year":"1998","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0020|cit20","first-page":"354","article-title":"Vaginal birth after cesarean section: comparison of outpatient use of prostaglandin gel to expectant management","volume":"174","author":"Gittens","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.09.027","article-title":"Outpatient cervical ripening with nitric oxide donor isosorbide mononitrate prior to induction of labor","volume":"101","author":"Habib","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics"},{"issue":"1 Part 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0022|cit22","first-page":"430","article-title":"Double blind randomized trial to evaluate the role of outpatient use of PGE2 in cervical ripening","volume":"168","author":"Hage","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050600730740","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for initiation of labor in nulliparous women","volume":"19","author":"Harper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0024|cit24","first-page":"S120","article-title":"Vaginally administered misoprostol for outpatient labor induction in pregnancies with diabetes mellitus [abstract]","volume":"184","author":"Incerpi","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.117306","article-title":"Vaginally administered misoprostol for outpatient cervical ripening in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus","volume":"185","author":"Incerpi","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2004.10.006","article-title":"Use of misoprostol on an outpatient basis for postdate pregnancy","volume":"88","author":"Kipikasa","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/jmf.11.2.113.117","article-title":"Outpatient cervical ripening with prostaglandin E2 and estradiol","volume":"11","author":"Larmon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13150.x","article-title":"Mifepristone for labour induction after previous caesarean section","volume":"101","author":"Lelaidier","year":"1994","journal-title":"British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70378-3","article-title":"Antepartum cervical ripening: applying prostaglandin e2 gel in conjunction with scheduled nonstress tests in postdate pregnancies","volume":"179","author":"Lien","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0030|cit30","first-page":"S116","article-title":"Outpatient cervical ripening with oral misoprostol post-term: induction rates decreased","volume":"184","author":"Lyons","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70334-5","article-title":"Management of pregnancies beyond forty-one weeks' gestation with an unfavorable cervix","volume":"178","author":"Magann","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0032|cit32","first-page":"11","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 cervical ripening without subsequent induction of labor","volume":"94","author":"McKenna","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000136479.72777.56","article-title":"Misoprostol outpatient cervical ripening without subsequent induction of labor: a randomized trial","volume":"104","author":"McKenna","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"6 Pt 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0035|cit34","first-page":"S167","article-title":"Outpatient administration of misoprostol decreases induction time","volume":"187","author":"Meyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0034|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000152341.31873.d9","article-title":"Outpatient misoprostol compared with dinoprostone gel for preinduction cervical ripening: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"105","author":"Meyer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)80444-9","article-title":"Multiple-dose PGE2 cervical ripening on an outpatient basis: safety and efficacy","volume":"176","author":"Newman","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)91293-2","article-title":"Efficacy of outpatient induction with low dose intravaginal prostaglandin E2: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"172","author":"O'Brien","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90440-9","article-title":"Efficacy of outpatient induction with low-dose intravaginal prostaglandin E2: A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"173","author":"O'Brien","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2005.00655.x","article-title":"Outpatient misoprostol cervical ripening without subsequent induction of labor to prevent post-term pregnancy","volume":"84","author":"Oboro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S1068-607X(98)00096-1","article-title":"Attempted vaginal birth after cesarean section: a multicenter comparison of outpatient prostaglandin E2 gel with expectant management","volume":"5","author":"Rayburn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Primary Care Update for Ob\/Gyns"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0041|cit41","first-page":"250","article-title":"Weekly administration of prostaglandin e2 gel compared with expectant management in women with previous cesareans Prepidil gel study group","volume":"94","author":"Rayburn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0042|cit42","unstructured":"ISRCTN47736435 Costs and effects of amniotomy at home for induction of post term pregnancy isrctn.com\/ISRCTN47736435"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0043|cit43","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of amniotomy at home for induction between 292 and 294 days gestation","volume-title":"Interventions in Midwife Led Care in the Netherlands to Achieve Optimal Birth Outcomes: Effects and Women's Experiences","author":"Rijnders","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0044|cit44","first-page":"19","article-title":"Sequential outpatient application of intravaginal prostaglandin E2 gel in the management of postdates pregnancies","volume":"78","author":"Sawai","year":"1991","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0045|cit45","unstructured":"Williams MG O'Brien WF Sawai SK Knuppel RA Outpatient cervical ripening in the postdates pregnancy Proceedings of 10th Annual Meeting of Society of Perinatal Obstetricians; 1990 Jan 23-27; Houston, Texas, USA 1990 533"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0046|cit46","first-page":"807","article-title":"Patient-administered outpatient intravaginal prostaglandin E2 suppositories in post-date pregnancies: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"84","author":"Sawai","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0047|cit47","first-page":"400","article-title":"Outpatient prostaglandin E2 suppositories in postdates pregnancies","volume":"166","author":"Sawai","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.10.060","article-title":"Outpatient cervical ripening with nitric oxide (NO) donors for prolonged pregnancy in nullipara: the NOCETER randomized, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"210","author":"Schmitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000544","article-title":"Outpatient cervical ripening by nitric oxide donors for prolonged pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"124","author":"Schmitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"161","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0050|cit50","first-page":"Abstract FP50","article-title":"Induction of labor with mifepristone (RU 486). A randomized double-blind study in post-term pregnant women with unripe cervices","volume":"73","author":"Stenlund","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica Supplement"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0051|cit51","first-page":"793","article-title":"Induction of labour with mifepristone - a randomized double-blind study versus placebo","volume":"78","author":"Stenlund","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0052|cit52","first-page":"684","article-title":"Outpatient cervical ripening with intravaginal misoprostol","volume":"96","author":"Stitely","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0053|cit53","first-page":"81","article-title":"Cervical ripening and induction of labour by breast stimulation","volume":"22","author":"Adewole","year":"1993","journal-title":"African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0054|cit54","first-page":"663","article-title":"Breast stimulation for cervical ripening","volume":"58","author":"Damania","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0055|cit55","first-page":"58","article-title":"Evaluation of two methods employed for cervical ripening","volume":"38","author":"Damania","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Postgraduate Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0056|cit56","first-page":"26","article-title":"Changes in the bishop score induced by manual nipple stimulation. A cross-over randomized study","volume":"16","author":"Lieto","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1Pt 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0058|cit57","first-page":"351","article-title":"Outpatient management of postdate pregnancy with intravaginal prostaglandin E2 and membrane stripping","volume":"174","author":"Doany","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0057|cit58","first-page":"71","article-title":"Outpatient management of the uncomplicated postdate pregnancy with intravaginal prostaglandin E2 gel and membrane stripping","volume":"6","author":"Doany","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Maternal-Fetal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0059|cit59","first-page":"77","article-title":"Preparation for childbirth by homeopathy","volume":"94","author":"Dorfman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cahiers de Bioth\u00e9rapie"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(84)90247-3","article-title":"The use of breast stimulation to prevent postdate pregnancy","volume":"149","author":"Elliott","year":"1984","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(83)91194-8","article-title":"The use of breast stimulation to ripen the cervix in term pregnancies","volume":"145","author":"Elliott","year":"1983","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)32236-0","article-title":"Ripening of the human cervix with porcine ovarian relaxin","volume":"147","author":"Evans","year":"1983","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0063|cit63","first-page":"77","article-title":"Use of castor oil in pregnancies at term","volume":"6","author":"Garry","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0064|cit64","first-page":"183","article-title":"Outpatient cervical ripening using sequential oestrogen - a randomised controlled pilot study","volume":"43","author":"Griffin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0065|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(92)90325-D","article-title":"Prolonged pregnancy: the management dilemma","volume":"37","author":"Herabutya","year":"1992","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0066|cit66","first-page":"164","article-title":"The influence of nipple stimulation at term on the duration of pregnancy","volume":"10","author":"Kadar","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2004.04.035","article-title":"Membrane stripping versus single dose intracervical prostaglandin gel administration for cervical ripening","volume":"86","author":"Kaul","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0068|cit68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)91297-5","article-title":"Outpatient cervical ripening does not affect gestational age at delivery","volume":"172","author":"Krammer","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0069|cit69","first-page":"S30","article-title":"Membrane stripping vs dinoprostone vaginal insert in the management of pregnancies beyond 41 weeks with unfavorable cervix","volume":"178","author":"Magann","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0070|cit70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7200133","article-title":"Membrane sweeping versus dinoprostone vaginal insert in the management of pregnancies beyond 41 weeks with an unfavorable cervix","volume":"19","author":"Magann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0071|cit71","first-page":"S79","article-title":"Prostaglandin versus stripping of membranes in management of pregnancy beyond 40-41 weeks [abstract]","volume":"86","author":"Manidakis","year":"1999","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology"},{"issue":"6 Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.10.353","article-title":"A randomized trial comparing outpatient vaginal isosorbide-mononitrate versus extra-amnion saline infusion with concurrent oxytocin for cervical ripening and labor induction in nulliparous women","volume":"197","author":"Moghtadaei","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s004040050110","article-title":"Randomised trial of outpatient induction of labor with vaginal PGE2 at 40-41 weeks of gestation versus expectant management","volume":"258","author":"Ohel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(88)90376-6","article-title":"Outpatient cervical ripening with prostaglandin E2 gel in uncomplicated postdate pregnancies","volume":"158","author":"Rayburn","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0075|cit75","first-page":"55","article-title":"Intracervical foley catheter versus vaginal isosorbid mononitrate for induction of labor in women with previous one cesarean section","volume":"3","author":"Rezk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1159\/000010267","article-title":"Sweeping of the membranes versus uterine stimulation by oxytocin in nulliparous women: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"49","author":"Salamalekis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0077|cit77","first-page":"21","article-title":"Cervical ripening by breast stimulation","volume":"67","author":"Salmon","year":"1986","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0078|cit78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.10.028","article-title":"Use of hyaluronidase for cervical ripening: a randomized trial","volume":"130","author":"Spallicci","year":"2007","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0079|cit79","first-page":"67","article-title":"Randomized double blind study of ripening the cervix with hyaluronidase in term gestations","volume":"25","author":"Spallicci","year":"2003","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetricia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0080|cit80","first-page":"186","article-title":"Effect of three concentrations of intracervical prostaglandin E2 gel for cervical ripening","volume":"5","author":"Voss","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Maternal-Fetal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0081|cit81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2003.018","article-title":"The effects of intramuscular administration of corticosteroids on the induction of parturition","volume":"31","author":"Ziaei","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0082|cit82","first-page":"S20","article-title":"Outpatient management of prolonged pregnancy with misoprostol (mp): a randomized double-blind placebo controlled study, prelim data","volume":"182","author":"Ascher-Walsh","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0083|cit83","first-page":"S586","article-title":"Outpatient vaginal misoprostol and its effect on post-term pregnancy","volume":"107","author":"Mostaghel","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0084|cit84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2514","article-title":"Mifepristone is an effective ripening agent in postdates primips with cervical length \u2265 2.5cm, but mode of delivery correlates with birthweight: a randomised, placebo controlled double blind study","volume":"26","author":"Thakur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0085|cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001338.pub3","article-title":"Oral misoprostol for induction of labour","author":"Alfirevic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0086|cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-6-25","article-title":"IMOP: randomised placebo controlled trial of outpatient cervical ripening with isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) prior to induction of labour - clinical trial with analyses of efficacy, cost effectiveness and acceptability","volume":"6","author":"Bollapragada","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0087|cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006971","article-title":"Intracervical prostaglandins for induction of labour","author":"Boulvain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0088|cit88","first-page":"91","article-title":"Uterine hyperstimulation. The need for standard terminology","volume":"32","author":"Curtis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0089|cit89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02236.x","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness of outpatient (at home) cervical ripening with isosorbide mononitrate prior to induction of labour","volume":"116","author":"Eddama","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0090|cit90","first-page":"713","article-title":"Intracervical prostaglandin E2 gel. Safety for outpatient cervical ripening before induction of labor","volume":"37","author":"Elliott","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0091|cit91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006901.pub3","article-title":"Nitric oxide donors for cervical ripening and induction of labour","author":"Ghosh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0092|cit92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536X.2003.00241.x","article-title":"Labor induction rate variation in upstate New York: what is the difference?","volume":"30","author":"Glantz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"113","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0093|cit93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02348.x","article-title":"Factors and outcomes associated with the induction of labour in Latin America","volume":"116","author":"Guerra","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0094|cit94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004945.pub3","article-title":"Induction of labour for improving birth outcomes for women at or beyond term","author":"G\u00fclmezoglu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0095|cit95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002865.pub2","article-title":"Mifepristone for induction of labour","author":"Hapangama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0096|cit96","unstructured":"Higgins JPT Green S Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0097|cit97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002074","article-title":"Methods for cervical ripening and labour induction in late pregnancy: generic protocol","author":"Hofmeyr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0098|cit98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000941.pub2","article-title":"Vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening and induction of labour","author":"Hofmeyr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0099|cit99","unstructured":"ISRCTN47736435 Costs and effects of amniotomy at home for induction of post term pregnancy isrctn.com\/ISRCTN47736435"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0100|cit100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007372.pub3","article-title":"Outpatient versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes","author":"Kelly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0101|cit101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0730-7659.2004.00294.x","article-title":"Trends in labor induction in the United States: is it true that what goes up must come down?","volume":"31","author":"Kirby","year":"2004","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0102|cit102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2006.09.030","article-title":"Mifepristone and misoprostol in the induction of labor at term","volume":"96","author":"McGill","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0103|cit103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1080\/0144361021000020411","article-title":"Outpatient cervical ripening prior to induction of labour","volume":"22","author":"Neale","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0104|cit104","unstructured":"Hospital Episode Statistics Analysis Health and Social Care Information Centre Hospital Episode Statistics - NHS Maternity Statistics \u2013 England, 2014-15 http:\/\/content.digital.nhs.uk\/catalogue\/PUB19127\/nhs-mate-eng-2014-15-summ-repo-rep.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0105|cit105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.10.812","article-title":"The \"PRIM\" study: a randomized comparison of prostaglandin E2 gel with the nitric oxide donor isosorbide mononitrate for cervical ripening before the induction of labor at term","volume":"194","author":"Osman","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0106|cit106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000146638.51536.09","article-title":"Cardiotocographic abnormalities associated with dinoprostone and misoprostol cervical ripening","volume":"105","author":"Ramsey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0107|cit107","first-page":"164","article-title":"Rising rates of labor induction: present concerns and future strategies","volume":"100","author":"Rayburn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0108|cit108","unstructured":"The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager (RevMan) 2014"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0109|cit109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)34347-X","article-title":"Dinoprostone vaginal insert for labour induction: a comparison of outpatient and inpatient settings","volume":"31","author":"Salvador","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0110|cit110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199506000-00013","article-title":"Outpatient cervical ripening","volume":"38","author":"Sawai","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0111|cit111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.03.004","article-title":"Women's perceptions, expectations and satisfaction with induced labour - a questionnaire-based study","volume":"123","author":"Shetty","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0112|cit112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002962.pub3","article-title":"Acupuncture for induction of labour","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0113|cit113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003393","article-title":"Oestrogens alone or with amniotomy for cervical ripening or induction of labour","author":"Thomas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0114|cit114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003101.pub3","article-title":"Vaginal prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2a) for induction of labour at term","author":"Thomas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0115|cit115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65612","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065612","article-title":"Patterns and outcomes of induction of labour in Africa and Asia: a secondary analysis of the WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Neonatal Health","volume":"8","author":"Vogel","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0116|cit116","unstructured":"World Health Organization WHO recommendations for Induction of labour apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/44531\/1\/9789241501156_eng.pdf"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0117|cit117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub2","article-title":"Different methods for the induction of labour in outpatient settings","author":"Dowswell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3-BIB0118|cit118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007701","article-title":"Different methods for the induction of labour in outpatient settings","author":"Kelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,16]],"date-time":"2025-02-16T20:18:28Z","timestamp":1739737108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007701.pub3"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd007701.pub3","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.731119389.793566540","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]]}}}