{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T06:13:24Z","timestamp":1788502404548,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd008635.pub2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000}}],"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd008635.pub3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:16:02Z","timestamp":1774484162000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Umbilical cord antiseptics for preventing sepsis and death among newborns"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7026-0006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aamer","family":"Imdad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pancreatology and Nutrition; University of Iowa; Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norton Collge of Medicine; SUNY Upstate Medical University; Syracuse USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences; University of Bristol Medical School; Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0637-599X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zulfiqar A","family":"Bhutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Child Health; The Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health and Development, Aga Khan University; Karachi Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"supported by the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0001|cit1","unstructured":"Monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. Geneva https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240110496"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e710","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30163-9","article-title":"National, regional, and global levels and trends in neonatal mortality between 1990 and 2017, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis","volume":"7","author":"Hug","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet. Global Health"},{"issue":"10104","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31002-4","article-title":"Neonatal sepsis","volume":"390","author":"Shane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.12.003","article-title":"Neonatal infectious diseases: evaluation of neonatal sepsis","volume":"60","author":"Camacho-Gonzalez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatric Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20162149","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2149","article-title":"Umbilical cord care in the newborn infant","volume":"138","author":"Stewart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2011-200362","article-title":"Clean cord care practices and neonatal mortality: evidence from rural Uttar Pradesh, India","volume":"66","author":"Agrawal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0007|cit7","first-page":"283","article-title":"Omphalitis neonatorum","volume":"91","author":"Faridi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of the Indian Medical Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3109\/00313027709085248","article-title":"Bacteria in neonatal omphalitis","volume":"9","author":"McKenna","year":"1977","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj356","article-title":"Risk ractors for umbilical cord infection among newborns of southern Nepal","volume":"165","author":"Mullany","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318181fb4c","article-title":"Risk of mortality subsequent to umbilical cord infection among newborns of southern Nepal: cord infection and mortality","volume":"28","author":"Mullany","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2008.164","article-title":"Newborn umbilical cord and skin care in Sylhet District, Bangladesh: implications for the promotion of umbilical cord cleansing with topical chlorhexidine","volume":"28","author":"Alam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2015.1012094","article-title":"Newborn cord care practices in Haiti","volume":"10","author":"Walsh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Global Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/inf.0b013e3181950910","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for newborn umbilical cord infections on Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania","volume":"28","author":"Mullany","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31816791a2","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of the impact of chlorhexidine skin cleansing on bacterial colonization of hospital-born infants in Nepal","volume":"27","author":"Mullany","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182468ff0","article-title":"Impact of 4.0% chlorhexidine cord cleansing on the bacteriologic profile of the newborn umbilical stump in rural Sylhet District, Bangladesh: a community-based, cluster-randomized trial","volume":"31","author":"Mullany","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e766","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30258-3","article-title":"No reason to change WHO guidelines on cleansing the umbilical cord","volume":"4","author":"Osrin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198406000-00017","article-title":"The umbilical cord: care, anomalies, and diseases","volume":"77","author":"Elhassani","year":"1984","journal-title":"Southern Medical Journal"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.07.010","article-title":"Sixty million non-facility births: who can deliver in community settings to reduce intrapartum-related deaths?","volume":"107","author":"Darmstadt","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.1229","article-title":"Incidence and etiology of omphalitis in Pakistan: a community-based cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Mir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0020|cit20","first-page":"12","article-title":"Some traditional umbilical cord care practices in developing countries","volume":"91","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Midwifery Today with International Midwife"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/26.4.897","article-title":"Protective effects of topical antimicrobials against neonatal tetanus","volume":"26","author":"Bennett","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0022|cit22","unstructured":"World Health Organization WHO recommendations on postnatal care of the mother and newborn: 2013 Geneva http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/97603\/1\/9789241506649_eng.pdf?ua=1"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001057.pub2","article-title":"Topical umbilical cord care at birth","author":"Zupan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0024|cit24","unstructured":"WHO recommendations on maternal and newborn care for a positive postnatal experience. Geneva https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240045989"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0625-7","article-title":"Effect of 4 % chlorhexidine on cord colonization among hospital and community births in India: a randomized controlled study","volume":"16","author":"Nangia","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80159-6","article-title":"The effect of three cord-care regimens on bacterial colonization of normal newborn infants","volume":"94","author":"Barrett","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1159\/000047182","article-title":"Umbilical cord care: the effect of eight different cord-care regimens on cord separation time and other outcomes","volume":"81","author":"Pezzati","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biology of the Neonate"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1977.02120220071012","article-title":"Staphylococcal and streptococcal colonization of the newborn infant: effect of antiseptic cord care","volume":"131","author":"Speck","year":"1977","journal-title":"American Journal of Diseases of Children"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.56.11.878","article-title":"Percutaneous absorption of chlorhexidine in neonatal cord care","volume":"56","author":"Aggett","year":"1981","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1987.tb10544.x","article-title":"Blood concentrations of chlorhexidine in neonates undergoing routine cord care with 4% chlorhexidine gluconate solution","volume":"76","author":"Johnsson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0031|cit31","unstructured":"Chlorhexidine 7.1%digluconate (CHX) aqueous solution or gel (10 ml): reports of serious eye injury due to errors in administration https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/28-08-2020-chlorhexidine-7-1-digluconate-(chx)-aqueous-solution-or-gel-(10ml)-reports-of-serious-eye-injury-due-to-errors-in-administration (who.int)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0032|cit32","unstructured":"World Health Organization Essential medicines list 2011 http:\/\/www.who.int\/selection_medicines\/list\/en\/index.html)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1988.02150020122046","article-title":"Umbilical separation in the normal newborn","volume":"142","author":"Novack","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Diseases of Children"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1091","article-title":"Impact of umbilical cord cleansing with 4.0% chlorhexidine on time to cord separation among newborns in southern Nepal: a cluster-randomized, community-based trial","volume":"118","author":"Mullany","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0035|cit35","first-page":"117","article-title":"Safety of neonatal skin cleansing in rural Nepal","volume":"43","author":"Mullany","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2951","article-title":"Chlorhexidine cleansing of the umbilical cord and separation time: a cluster-randomized trial","volume":"131","author":"Mullany","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001617","article-title":"Impact of chlorhexidine cord cleansing on mortality, omphalitis and cord separation time among facility-born babies in Nepal and Bangladesh.","volume":"36","author":"Mullany","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0038|cit38","volume-title":"Care of the Umbilical Cord: a Review of the Evidence. WHO, Maternal and Newborn Health Safe Motherhood","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0039|cit39","volume-title":"Red Book: a Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases","author":"AAP Committee on Infectious Diseases","year":"2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.01.014","article-title":"The use of chlorhexidine to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity in low-resource settings","volume":"97","author":"McClure","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics"},{"issue":"9820","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61848-5","article-title":"Impact of cord cleansing with chlorhexidine on neonatal mortality in rural Bangladesh: a community-based, cluster-randomised trial","volume":"379","author":"Arifeen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9514","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68381-5","article-title":"Topical applications of chlorhexidine to the umbilical cord for prevention of omphalitis and neonatal mortality in southern Nepal: a community-based, cluster-randomised trial","volume":"367","author":"Mullany","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9820","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61877-1","article-title":"Topical application of chlorhexidine to neonatal umbilical cords for prevention of omphalitis and neonatal mortality in a rural district of Pakistan: a community-based,cluster-randomised trial","volume":"379","author":"Soofi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e837","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30223-6","article-title":"Efficacy of chlorhexidine application to umbilical cord on neonatal mortality in Pemba, Tanzania: a community-based randomised controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Sazawal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet. Global Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e827","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30215-7","article-title":"Effectiveness of 4% chlorhexidine umbilical cord care on neonatal mortality in Southern Province, Zambia (ZamCAT): a cluster-randomised controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Semrau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet. Global Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub2","article-title":"Umbilical cord antiseptics for preventing sepsis and death among newborns","author":"Imdad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0047|cit47","unstructured":"Higgins JP Lasserson T Thomas J Flemyng E Churchill R Methodological Expectations of Cochrane Intervention Reviews. Cochrane: London Available from https:\/\/community.cochrane.org\/mecir-manual"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635","article-title":"Umbilical cord antiseptics for preventing sepsis and death among newborns","author":"Bautista","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F99","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.080093","article-title":"Development of clinical sign based algorithms for community based assessment of omphalitis","volume":"91","author":"Mullany","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1091","article-title":"Impact of umbilical cord cleansing with 4.0% chlorhexidine on time to cord separation among newborns in southern Nepal: a cluster-randomized, community-based trial","volume":"118","author":"Mullany","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0541","article-title":"Management of neonates with suspected or proven early-onset bacterial sepsis","volume":"129","author":"Polin RA; Committee on Fetus and Newborn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28156","DOI":"10.2196\/28156","article-title":"Effect of community-based kangaroo mother care package on neonatal mortality among preterm and low birthweight infants in rural Pakistan: protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Ariff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research, Research Protocols"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0054|cit54","unstructured":"EndNote The EndNote Team Clarivate 2013"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0055|cit55","unstructured":"Covidence Veritas Health Innovation 2024"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"62","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0057|cit57","unstructured":"Higgins JP Altman DG Sterne JA Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JP, Churchill R, Chandler J, Cumpston MS, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). Cochrane, 2011 Available from handbook-5-1.cochrane.org\/"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0058|cit58","unstructured":"Higgins JP Eldridge S Li T Chapter 23: Including variants on randomized trials [last updated October 2019]. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.5. Cochrane, 2024 Available from cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0059|cit59","unstructured":"Review Manager (RevMan) The Cochrane Collaboration 2024"},{"issue":"9938","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60496-7","article-title":"Every newborn: progress, priorities, and potential beyond survival","volume":"384","author":"Lawn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10063","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31593-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000-15: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the sustainable development goals","volume":"388","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0062|cit62","unstructured":"World bank country and lending groups https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups#:~:text=For%20the%20current%202025%20fiscal,those%20with%20a%20GNI%20per"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0063|cit63","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann H Bro\u017cek J Guyatt G Oxman A editors; GRADE Working Group GRADE Handbook for Grading Quality of Evidence and Strength of Recommendations (updated October 2013) Available from www.guidelinedevelopment.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0064|cit64","unstructured":"GRADEpro GDT McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime) 2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0065|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/1367493513503580","article-title":"Two methods of cord care in high-risk newborns: their effects on hydration, temperature, pH, and floras of the cord area","volume":"19","author":"Ahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Child Health Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0066|cit66","first-page":"1117","article-title":"Impact of ethanol, dry care and human milk on the time for umbilical cord separation","volume":"63","author":"Golshan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3329\/jsf.v13i2.27929","article-title":"Chlorhexidine cleansing of the umbilical cord and cord separation time: a hospital based study in Bangladesh","volume":"13","author":"Khairuzzaman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Science Foundation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0068|cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4103\/jcn.JCN_91_17","article-title":"Effect of topical application of human breast milk versus 4% chlorhexidine versus dry cord care on bacterial colonization and clinical outcomes of umbilical cord in preterm newborns","volume":"7","author":"Lyngdoh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Neonatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.7224","article-title":"Impact of different antiseptics on umbilical cord colonization and cord separation time","volume":"11","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Infection in Developing Countries"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0070|cit70","first-page":"182","article-title":"Comparison of alcohol versus dry cord care in terms of cord separation time","volume":"40","author":"Zaheer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pakistan Pediatric Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0071|cit71","first-page":"33","article-title":"The effect of topical application of human milk, ethyl alcohol 96%, and silver sulfadiazine on umbilical cord separation time in newborn infants","volume":"9","author":"Ahmadpour-Kacho","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Iranian Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.1998.tb02631.x","article-title":"Alcohol versus natural drying for newborn cord care","volume":"27","author":"Dore","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211027","article-title":"Does umbilical cord care in preterm infants influence cord bacterial colonization or detachment?","volume":"24","author":"Evens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1179\/146532810X12786388978643","article-title":"Umbilical separation time delayed by alcohol application","volume":"30","author":"Hsu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Paediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.1.15","article-title":"To dye or not to dye: a randomized, clinical trial of a triple dye\/alcohol regime versus dry cord care","volume":"111","author":"Janssen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1159\/000200165","article-title":"Higher rate of cord-related adverse events in neonates with dry umbilical cord care compared to chlorhexidine powder. Results of a randomized controlled study to compare efficacy and safety of chlorhexidine powder versus dry care in umbilical cord care of the newborn","volume":"96","author":"Kapellen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0077|cit77","first-page":"16","article-title":"Comparison of the frequency of omphalitis by applying chlorhexidine versus dry cord care","volume":"42","author":"Jamil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pakistan Paediatric Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0078|cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/JPN.0b013e318261ca33","article-title":"Comparative effects of using alcohol, natural drying, and salicylic sugar powder on umbilical stump detachment of neonates","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0079|cit79","first-page":"103","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of alcohol 70% versus dry cord care on cord bacterial colonization and cord separation time among newborns","volume":"25","author":"Nourian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0080|cit80","first-page":"281A","article-title":"Limited effectiveness of triple dye (TD) in prevention of colonization with methacillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a special care nursery (SCN)","volume":"25","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0081|cit81","first-page":"58","article-title":"Alcohol application versus natural drying of umbilical cord","volume":"31","author":"Shafique","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rawal Medical Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0082|cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.5546\/aap.2011.305","article-title":"Alcohol versus bath and natural drying for term newborns' umbilical cord care: a prospective randomized clinical trial","volume":"109","author":"Covas Mdel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20161857","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1857","article-title":"Dry care versus antiseptics for umbilical cord care: a cluster randomized trial","volume":"139","author":"Gras-Le Guen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0084|cit84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmu013","article-title":"Eau de Dalibour vs. alcohol for umbilical cord care","volume":"60","author":"Habibi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0085|cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10985.x","article-title":"Bacterial colonization and neonatal infections. Effects of skin and umbilical disinfection in the nursery","volume":"74","author":"Meberg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0086|cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549009027128","article-title":"Hydrophobic material in routine umbilical cord care and prevention of infections in newborn infants","volume":"22","author":"Meberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0087|cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03403910","article-title":"Cleaning solutions and bacterial colonization in promoting healing and early separation of the umbilical cord in healthy newborns","volume":"88","author":"Medves","year":"1997","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0088|cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.05.042","article-title":"Randomized placebo-controlled trial of topical mupirocin to reduce staphylococcus aureus colonization in infants in the neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"236","author":"Nelson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0089|cit89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536x.1986.tb01040.x","article-title":"Does routine newborn bathing reduce staphylococcus aureus colonization rates? A randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Rush","year":"1986","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0090|cit90","first-page":"23","article-title":"Umbilical cord care: comparison between Beniktol spray and alcohol swab","volume":"17","author":"Al-Binali","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomedical Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0091|cit91","first-page":"385A","article-title":"Umbilical cord bacterial growth in healthy newborn with two different antiseptics","volume":"47","author":"Alda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0092|cit92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.56.11.887","article-title":"Umbilical care and cord separation","volume":"56","author":"Arad","year":"1981","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0093|cit93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.7748\/ns.8.15.32.s40","article-title":"Midwifery: umbilical cord care in pre-term babies","volume":"15","author":"Bain","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nursing Standard"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0094|cit94","first-page":"81","article-title":"Umbilical cord care: effect of three different antiseptic solutions (clorhexidine 4 per cent, alcohol 70 per cent and iodo povidone 5 per cent) on bacterial colonization, infection and cord separation time","volume":"60","author":"Davila","year":"2007","journal-title":"Revista Peruana de Pediatria"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0095|cit95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1177\/000992288802700302","article-title":"Randomized study of six umbilical cord care regimens. Comparing length of attachment, microbial control, and satisfaction","volume":"27","author":"Gladstone","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clinical Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0096|cit96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1177\/000992280204100607","article-title":"Randomized trial of alcohol versus triple dye for umbilical cord care","volume":"41","author":"Golombek","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0097|cit97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310051035","article-title":"The effectiveness of single and multiple applications of triple dye on umbilical cord separation time","volume":"158","author":"Hsu","year":"1999","journal-title":"European Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0098|cit98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/s0266-6138(86)80043-2","article-title":"Treatment of umbilical cords: a randomised trial to assess the effect of treatment methods on the work of midwives","volume":"2","author":"Mugford","year":"1986","journal-title":"MIdwifery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0099|cit99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2004.03.027","article-title":"Double-blind comparative study on the care of the neonatal umbilical cord using 80% ethanol with or without chlorhexidine","volume":"58","author":"Oishi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Hospital Infection"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0100|cit100","first-page":"229","article-title":"Antiseptics for preventing omphalitis","volume":"85","author":"Panyavudhikrai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0101|cit101","first-page":"195","article-title":"Umbilical colonization in normal newborns. A comparative study of 4 methods for umbilical antisepsis","volume":"39","author":"Perapoch Lopez","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anales Espanoles de Pediatria"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0102|cit102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e275","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.4.e275","article-title":"Umbilical cord care in premature infants: the effect of two different cord-care regimens (salicylic sugar powder vs chlorhexidine) on cord separation time and other outcomes","volume":"112","author":"Pezzati","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0103|cit103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/150.1.49","article-title":"The effect of isopropyl alcohol and triple dye on umbilical cord separation time","volume":"150","author":"Schuman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Military Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0104|cit104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922808329455","article-title":"Triple dye plus rubbing alcohol versus triple dye alone for umbilical cord care","volume":"49","author":"Suliman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0105|cit105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"SC01","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2015\/13562.6162","article-title":"Comparison of umbilical cord cleansing using sterile water and povidine iodine-spirit during early neonatal period: a double blind randomized control trial","volume":"9","author":"Chawla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0106|cit106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmt003","article-title":"Effect of topical application of chlorhexidine for umbilical cord care in comparison with conventional dry cord care on the risk of neonatal sepsis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"59","author":"Gathwala","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0107|cit107","unstructured":"A comparison between mothers and community health workers on use of chlorhexidine for umbilical cord care: a randomized noninferiority trial https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT02624622"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0108|cit108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.53350\/pjmhs2023174141","article-title":"Chlorhexidine for the prevention of omphalitis in neonates with a single dose","volume":"17","author":"Ishaq","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0109|cit109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.20471\/acc.2024.63.01.2","article-title":"Comparison of the effectiveness of breast milk, dry-keeping, and use of chlorhexidine in umbilical cord care","volume":"63","author":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Clinica Croatica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0110|cit110","unstructured":"Nasrallah BK Rox AK Mazer B Richards L Chuachingco J Naqvi M Comparison of two methods of umbilical cord care: application of 70% isopropyl alcohol vs. natural drying Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting; 2003 May 1-4; Seattle Washington, USA 2003"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0111|cit111","unstructured":"Srinivasan H Luayon M Barrios F Geraldo V Poladian A Reyes J Prospective randomized controlled trial to study the effect of daily application of triple dye to umbilical cord of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting; 2003 May 1-4; Seattle, Washington 2003"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0112|cit112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-017-2050-0","article-title":"Efficacy of umbilical cord cleansing with a single application of 4% chlorhexidine for the prevention of newborn infections in Uganda: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Nankabirwa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0113|cit113","unstructured":"Simple hygiene versus alcohol based usual care for umbilical cord: a randomized clinical trial https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/record\/NCT01369251"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0114|cit114","unstructured":"Effectiveness of alcohol 70\u00ba vs soap on cord separation time and the complication in the newborn https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT02760966"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0115|cit115","unstructured":"Evens KH George J Angst DB Schweig L Does umbilical cord care in preterm infants influence cord colonization and\/or detachment Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting; 2003 May 1-4; Seattle, Washington, USA 2003"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0116|cit116","first-page":"648","article-title":"Umbilical separation time delayed by alcohol application","volume":"29 Suppl 1 (Pt","author":"Huang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0117|cit117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3329\/bjid.v4i2.37683","article-title":"Effect of chlorhexidine cleansing of umbilical cord for prevention of infection","volume":"4","author":"Khairuzzaman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0118|cit118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182468ff0","article-title":"Impact of 4.0% chlorhexidine cord cleansing on the bacteriologic profile of the newborn umbilical stump in rural sylhet district, Bangladesh: a community-based, cluster-randomized trial","volume":"31","author":"Mullany","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0119|cit119","unstructured":"Impact of umbilical cord cleansing with 4.0% chlorhexidine on neonatal mortality (CHX) https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT00434408"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0120|cit120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-9-67","article-title":"Impact of 4.0% chlorhexidine cleansing of the umbilical cord on mortality and omphalitis among newborns of Sylhet, Bangladesh: design of a community-based cluster randomized trial","volume":"9","author":"Mullany","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0121|cit121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-018-0136-2","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of neonatal infections in a rural Bangladeshi population: a community-based prospective study","volume":"37","author":"Mitra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0122|cit122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2951","article-title":"Chlorhexidine cleansing of the umbilical cord and separation time: a cluster-randomized trial","volume":"131","author":"Mullany","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0123|cit123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-017-0328-z","article-title":"The influence of quality maternity waiting homes on utilization of facilities for delivery in rural Zambia","volume":"14","author":"Henry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reproductive Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0124|cit124","unstructured":"Topical application of chlorhexidine to the umbilical cord for prevention of omphalitis and neonatal mortality in rural distract of Pakistan https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT00682006"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0125|cit125","unstructured":"A randomised controlled study to compare efficacy and safety of chlorhexidine powder versus dry care in umbilical cord care of the newborn https:\/\/trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ISRCTN63012285"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0126|cit126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12","article-title":"A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Borenstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Research Synthesis Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0127|cit127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007835.pub2","article-title":"Chlorhexidine skin or cord care for prevention of mortality and infections in neonates","author":"Sinha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0128|cit128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-S3-S11","article-title":"Clean birth and postnatal care practices to reduce neonatal deaths from sepsis and tetanus: a systematic review and Delphi estimation of mortality effect","volume":"11","author":"Blencowe","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3-BIB0129|cit129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22356609","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.56609","article-title":"Effect of maternal and newborn care service package on perinatal and newborn mortality: a cluster randomized clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Ariff","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:47:42Z","timestamp":1788500862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD008635.pub3"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Central Editorial Service","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd008635.pub3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]}}}