{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T20:27:05Z","timestamp":1789936025527,"version":"4.0.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd008687","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528070400000}}],"reference-count":257,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd008687.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T08:17:46Z","timestamp":1528100266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2018","author":[{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Toews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg; Evidence in Medicine \/ Cochrane Germany; Breisacher Stra\u00dfe 153 Freiburg Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg Germany 79110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneesh Thomas","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Medical College; Cochrane South Asia, Prof. BV Moses Centre for Evidence-Informed Healthcare and Health Policy; Carman Block II Floor CMC Campus, Bagayam Vellore Tamil Nadu India 632002"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John V","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Medical College & Hospital; Medical Intensive Care Unit; Ida Scudder Road Vellore Tamil Nadu India 632004"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Kirubakaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Medical College; Cochrane South Asia, Prof. BV Moses Centre for Evidence-Informed Healthcare and Health Policy; Carman Block II Floor CMC Campus, Bagayam Vellore Tamil Nadu India 632002"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Eduardo S","family":"Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Petr\u00f3polis Medical School; Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Intensive Care, Gastroenterology; Av Barao do Rio Branco, 1003 Petr\u00f3polis RJ Brazil 25680-120"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jabez Paul Barnabas","family":"Ezekiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Christian Medical College; Cochrane South Asia, Prof. BV Moses Centre for Evidence-Informed Healthcare and Health Policy; Carman Block II Floor CMC Campus, Bagayam Vellore Tamil Nadu India 632002"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joerg J","family":"Meerpohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg; Evidence in Medicine \/ Cochrane Germany; Breisacher Stra\u00dfe 153 Freiburg Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg Germany 79110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","first-page":"301","article-title":"Comparison of macroscopic abnormalities in patients receiving routine pantoprazole when compared to placebo","volume":"44","author":"Ali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Australian Society of Anaesthetists"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199205000-00008","article-title":"Gastric colonization and pneumonia in intubated critically ill patients receiving stress ulcer prophylaxis: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Apte","year":"1992","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","first-page":"1022","article-title":"Prevention of gastroduodenal stress lesions with secretion inhibitors in accident patients needing intensive care: incidence of lesions and adverse effects; consequences","volume":"115","author":"Barandun","year":"1985","journal-title":"Schweizer Medizinische Wochenschrift"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","first-page":"16","article-title":"Effects of ranitidine and pantoprazole on ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomized double-blind clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Bashar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tanaffos"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(81)90191-4","article-title":"Cimetidine and antacid prophylaxis of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in high risk patients. Controlled, randomized trial","volume":"141","author":"Basso","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.72.2.186","article-title":"Frequency of stress lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract in paediatric patients after cardiac surgery: effects of prophylaxis","volume":"72","author":"Behrens","year":"1994","journal-title":"British Heart Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-8-199410150-00003","article-title":"Prophylaxis for stress-related gastric hemorrhage in the medical intensive care unit. A randomized, controlled, single-blind study","volume":"121","author":"Ben-Menachem","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.6.8520743","article-title":"The role of intragastric acidity and stress ulcus prophylaxis on colonization and infection in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. A stratified, randomized, double-blind study of sucralfate versus antacids","volume":"152","author":"Bonten","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(84)90443-4","article-title":"Antacid versus sucralfate in preventing acute gastrointestinal bleeding. A randomized trial in 100 critically ill patients","volume":"148","author":"Borrero","year":"1984","journal-title":"American Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"2C","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90575-3","article-title":"Comparison of antacid and sucralfate in the prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who are critically ill","volume":"79","author":"Borrero","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1986.01400070076016","article-title":"Antacid vs sucralfate in preventing acute gastrointestinal tract bleeding in abdominal aortic surgery. A randomized trial in 50 patients","volume":"121","author":"Borrero","year":"1986","journal-title":"Archives of Surgery"},{"issue":"3B","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90839-4","article-title":"Sucralfate suspension versus titrated antacid for the prevention of acute stress-related gastrointestinal hemorrhage in critically ill patients","volume":"83","author":"Bresalier","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-010-9397-3","article-title":"Prospective, randomized comparison of lansoprazole suspension, and intermittent intravenous famotidine on gastric pH and acid production in critically ill neurosurgical patients","volume":"13","author":"Brophy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurocritical Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02064385","article-title":"Effect of ranitidine on intragastric pH and stress-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with severe head injury","volume":"40","author":"Burgess","year":"1995","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1987.00370120037009","article-title":"Prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in mechanically ventilated patients. A randomized study comparing the efficacy of sucralfate, cimetidine, and antacids","volume":"147","author":"Cannon","year":"1987","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.82.3.0413","article-title":"Prospective double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial on the use of ranitidine in preventing postoperative gastroduodenal complications in high-risk neurosurgical patients","volume":"82","author":"Chan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199404000-00014","article-title":"Comparison of acid neutralizing and non-acid neutralizing stress ulcer prophylaxis in thermally injured patients","volume":"36","author":"Cioffi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000157751.92249.32","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind comparison of immediate-release omeprazole oral suspension versus intravenous cimetidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients","volume":"33","author":"Conrad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803193381203","article-title":"A comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Canadian Critical Care Trials Group","volume":"338","author":"Cook","year":"1998","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2812","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199912000-00034","article-title":"Risk factors for clinically important upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Canadian Critical Care Trials Group","volume":"27","author":"Cook","year":"1999","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","first-page":"124","article-title":"Stress ulcer prophylaxis in patients on ventilator","volume":"24","author":"Darlong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tropical Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318255d87e","article-title":"A multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing early nasojejunal with nasogastric nutrition in critical illness","volume":"40","author":"Davies","year":"2012","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","first-page":"239","article-title":"Prevention of stress ulcer bleeding in high risk patients. Comparison of three drugs","volume":"19","author":"Azevedo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterologia Endoscopia Digestiva"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1056\/Nejm198711263172204","article-title":"Nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients given sucralfate as compared with antacids or histamine type 2 blockers. The role of gastric colonization","volume":"317","author":"Driks","year":"1987","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199112000-00009","article-title":"A comparison of the frequency of stress ulceration and secondary pneumonia in sucralfate- or ranitidine-treated intensive care unit patients","volume":"19","author":"Eddleston","year":"1991","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199422120-00010","article-title":"Prospective endoscopic study of stress erosions and ulcers in critically ill adult patients treated with either sucralfate or placebo","volume":"22","author":"Eddleston","year":"1994","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.133.3.251","article-title":"Effects of sucralfate vs antacids on gastric pathogens: results of a double-blind clinical trial","volume":"133","author":"Ephgrave","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives of Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1993.01420140062010","article-title":"Pneumonia and stress ulceration in severely injured patients. A prospective evaluation of the effects of stress ulcer prophylaxis","volume":"128","author":"Fabian","year":"1993","journal-title":"Archives of Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-9294(17)30003-2","article-title":"Early enteral combined with parenteral nutrition treatment for severe traumatic brain injury: effects on immune function, nutritional status and outcomes","volume":"31","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","first-page":"404","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of stress-induced gastrointestinal bleeding after severe brain injury","volume":"22","author":"Fang","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Chinese Journal of Digestology"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","first-page":"A625-6","article-title":"Intravenous pantoprazole (IVP) and continuous infusion cimetidine (C) prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) regardless of APSII score (APACHE II) in high risk intensive care unit (ICU) patients","volume":"124","author":"Fink","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S150","DOI":"10.1186\/cc12340","article-title":"Effects of proton pump inhibitor versus H2-receptor antagonist stress ulcer prophylaxis on ventilator-associated pneumonia: A pilot study","volume":"17","author":"Fogas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198205000-00006","article-title":"Prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients requiring mechanical ventilation","volume":"10","author":"Friedman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.27.2.135","article-title":"Cimetidine prophylaxis for gastrointestinal bleeding in an intensive care unit","volume":"27","author":"Groll","year":"1986","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(80)90228-7","article-title":"Prevention of acute gastrointestinal complications after severe head injury: a controlled trial of cimetidine prophylaxis","volume":"139","author":"Halloran","year":"1980","journal-title":"American Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(98)00239-6","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind trial for stress ulcer prophylaxis shows no evidence of increased pneumonia","volume":"176","author":"Hanisch","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197805112981901","article-title":"Antacid titration in the prevention of acute gastrointestinal bleeding: a controlled, randomized trial in 100 critically ill patients","volume":"298","author":"Hastings","year":"1978","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.69.331","article-title":"Prospective randomized trial for optimal prophylactic treatment of the upper gastrointestinal complications after open heart surgery","volume":"69","author":"Hata","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.11569\/wcjd.v25.i1.102","article-title":"Naloxone combined with pantoprazole for prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with respiratory failure","volume":"25","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Chinese Journal of Digestology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","first-page":"678","article-title":"Sucralfate versus antacid in the prevention of stress ulcer bleeding in patients on mechanical ventilation","volume":"70","author":"Israsena","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand"},{"issue":"57","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","first-page":"757","article-title":"Stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"51","author":"Kantorova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepato-gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2A","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125S","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90464-9","article-title":"Incidence of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients treated with sucralfate or cimetidine as prophylaxis for stress bleeding: bacterial colonization of the stomach","volume":"91","author":"Kappstein","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/088506669000500106","article-title":"Comparison of cimetidine and placebo for the prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to stress-related gastric mucosal damage in the intensive care unit","volume":"5","author":"Karlstadt","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Intensive Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","unstructured":"Kaushal S Midha V Sood A Chopra SC Gupta C A comparative study of the effects of famotidine and sucralfate in prevention of upper gastro-intestinal bleeding in patients of head injury Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2000 246 9"},{"issue":"52","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.125789","article-title":"The comparison between proton pump inhibitors and sucralfate in incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia in critically ill patients","volume":"3","author":"Khorvash","year":"2014","journal-title":"Advanced Biomedical Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","first-page":"545","article-title":"Prophylaxis for acute stress ulcers. Antacids or cimetidine","volume":"51","author":"Kingsley","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Surgeon"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","first-page":"366","article-title":"Preventing postoperative acute bleeding of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"171","author":"Kitler","year":"1990","journal-title":"Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","first-page":"133","article-title":"Prevention of stress-induced hemorrhage of the upper gastrointestinal tract in neurosurgical intensive care patients. A controlled, randomized double-blind study with ranitidine alone and in combination with pirenzepine","volume":"84","author":"Krakamp","year":"1989","journal-title":"Medizinische Klinik"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199702000-00025","article-title":"A randomized, controlled study of prophylactic ranitidine in preventing stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions in neonatal intensive care unit patients","volume":"25","author":"Kuusela","year":"1997","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(86)80952-0","article-title":"Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding acquired in a pediatric intensive care unit: prophylaxis trial with cimetidine","volume":"108","author":"Lacroix","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","first-page":"704","article-title":"Prevention of stress hemorrhage in an internal medicine intensive care station: sucralfate versus ranitidine","volume":"37","author":"Laggner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Der Anaesthesist"},{"issue":"6A","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(89)90164-2","article-title":"Prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in long-term ventilated patients. Sucralfate versus ranitidine","volume":"86","author":"Laggner","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90647-4","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine, and mylanta in postoperative stress ulcers. Gastric pH control and ulcer prevention in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery","volume":"100","author":"Lamothe","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0054|cit54","first-page":"1165","article-title":"Comparison of ranitidine versus placebo on 24 hour gastric pH and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding in head injuries (abstract)","volume":"84","author":"Larson","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aidm.2013.06.001","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of esomeprazole and famotidine against stress ulcers in a neurosurgical intensive care unit","volume":"1","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Advances in Digestive Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018810325370","article-title":"Comparison of omeprazole and ranitidine for stress ulcer prophylaxis","volume":"42","author":"Levy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2014.10.006","article-title":"Stress ulcer prophylaxis in patients being weaned from the ventilator in a respiratory care center: a randomized control trial","volume":"115","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199208000-00003","article-title":"Frequency and prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in critically ill children: a prospective study comparing the efficacy of almagate, ranitidine, and sucralfate. The Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Study Group","volume":"20","author":"Lopez-Herce","year":"1992","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0059|cit59","first-page":"1121","article-title":"Cimetidine and antacid in the prophylaxis of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. A randomised,double blind, controlled study(abstract)","volume":"82","author":"Luk","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"376","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0060|cit60","first-page":"270","article-title":"Comparing the effects of pantoprazole and ranitidine in the prevention of post-operative gastrointestinal complications in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. [Persian]","volume":"34","author":"Maasoumi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Isfahan Medical School"},{"issue":"8012","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)92055-4","article-title":"H2-receptor antagonists and antacids in the prevention of acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage in fulminant hepatic failure. Two controlled trials","volume":"1","author":"Macdougall","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01706421","article-title":"Prevention of nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients: respective role of mechanical subglottic secretions drainage and stress ulcer prophylaxis","volume":"18","author":"Mahul","year":"1992","journal-title":"Intensive Care Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0063|cit63","first-page":"353-60; discuss","article-title":"Optimal therapy for stress gastritis","volume":"220","author":"Maier","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annals of Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0064|cit64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199801000-00017","article-title":"Incidence of infectious complications associated with the use of histamine2-receptor antagonists in critically ill trauma patients","volume":"227","author":"O'Keefe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annals of Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0065|cit65","first-page":"59","article-title":"Failure of gastric pH control by antacids or cimetidine in the critically ill: a valid sign of sepsis","volume":"88","author":"Martin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0066|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199204000-00005","article-title":"Stress ulcers and organ failure in intubated patients in surgical intensive care units","volume":"215","author":"Martin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annals of Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199301000-00009","article-title":"Continuous intravenous cimetidine decreases stress-related upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage without promoting pneumonia","volume":"21","author":"Martin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0068|cit68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199312000-00010","article-title":"Impact of multiple risk factors and ranitidine prophylaxis on the development of stress-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial. The Ranitidine Head Injury Study Group","volume":"21","author":"Metz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0069|cit69","unstructured":"Mustafa NA Akturk G Ozen I Koksal I Erciyes N Solak M Sucralfate versus ranitidine prophylaxis in intensive care patients Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 1994 103 6"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0070|cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.385","article-title":"Esomeprazole compared with famotidine in the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with acute coronary syndrome or myocardial infarction","volume":"107","author":"Ng","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0071|cit71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198709000-00003","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial comparing ranitidine and antacids in critically ill patients","volume":"15","author":"Noseworthy","year":"1987","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1998.tb03111.x","article-title":"Gastric colonization as a consequence of stress ulcer prophylaxis: a prospective, randomized trial","volume":"18","author":"Ortiz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0073|cit73","first-page":"30","article-title":"The preventive effects of rabeprazole on upper gastrointestinal tract haemorrhage in patients with severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"1","author":"Pan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-103-2-173","article-title":"Cimetidine for prevention and treatment of gastroduodenal mucosal lesions in patients in an intensive care unit","volume":"103","author":"Peura","year":"1985","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phillips JO Metzler MH Huckfeldt RE A multicenter, prospective, randomised clinical trial of continuous I.V. ranitidine vs. Omeprazole suspension in the prophylaxis of stress ulcer prophylaxis (abstract) Critical Care Medicine 1998","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199801001-00280"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199312000-00012","article-title":"Occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated trauma patients: a comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine","volume":"21","author":"Pickworth","year":"1993","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198508000-00007","article-title":"Does antacid prophylaxis prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients?","volume":"13","author":"Pinilla","year":"1985","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0078|cit78","first-page":"107","article-title":"Cimetidine versus antacids in the prevention of stress erosions in critically ill patients","volume":"81","author":"Poleski","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0079|cit79","unstructured":"Powell H Morgan M Li SK Baron JH Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in the intensive care unit after coronary artery bypass graft. A pilot control study of intravenous omeprazole by bolus and infusion, ranitidine and placebo Theoretical Surgery 1993 125 30"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0080|cit80","first-page":"179","article-title":"Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients receiving ranitidine or sucralfate as stress ulcer prophylaxis","volume":"52","author":"Prakash","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0081|cit81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198002213020802","article-title":"Antacid versus cimetidine in preventing acute gastrointestinal bleeding. A randomized trial in 75 critically ill patients","volume":"302","author":"Priebe","year":"1980","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0082|cit82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-8-199404150-00005","article-title":"Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients receiving antacid, ranitidine, or sucralfate as prophylaxis for stress ulcer. A randomized controlled trial","volume":"120","author":"Prod'hom","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199003000-00004","article-title":"Prospective endoscopic study of stress erosions and ulcers in critically ill neurosurgical patients: current incidence and effect of acid-reducing prophylaxis","volume":"18","author":"Reusser","year":"1990","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"(3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0084|cit84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01478603","article-title":"Histamine and stress ulcer: new components in organizing a sequential trial on cimetidine prophylaxis in seriously ill patients and definition of a special group at risk (severe polytrauma)","volume":"58","author":"Lorenz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Klinische Wochenschrift"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0085|cit85","first-page":"328","article-title":"[A randomized clinical study of stress ulcer prophylaxis with cimeytidine in severe multiple injuries]","volume":"18","author":"Rohde","year":"1980","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0086|cit86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199107000-00011","article-title":"Stress-induced gastroduodenal lesions and total parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: frequency, complications, and the value of prophylactic treatment. A prospective, randomized study","volume":"19","author":"Ruiz-Santana","year":"1991","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0087|cit87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1993.01420240061011","article-title":"Nosocomial pneumonia during stress ulcer prophylaxis with cimetidine and sucralfate","volume":"128","author":"Ryan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Archives of Surgery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0088|cit88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A41","DOI":"10.1186\/2197-425X-3-S1-A41","article-title":"Withholding stress ulcer prophylaxis to mechanically ventilated enterally-fed critically ill patients appears safe: a randomised double-blind placebo controlled pilot study","volume":"3","author":"Selvanderan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Care Medicine Experimental"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0089|cit89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deane A Selvanderan S Summers M Finnis M Plummer M Ali AY Pantoprazole or placebo for stress ulcer prophylaxis (Popup) study Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 2016 303 4","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001819"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0090|cit90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S882","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(16)32981-X","article-title":"Administration of stress ulcer prophylaxis may cause harm in critically ill patients: a randomized double blind exploratory study","volume":"150","author":"Selvanderan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0091|cit91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001819","article-title":"Pantoprazole or placebo for stress ulcer prophylaxis (POP-UP): randomized double-blind exploratory study","volume":"44","author":"Selvanderan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0092|cit92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531-6; discussi","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199104000-00013","article-title":"Role of gastric colonization in the development of pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients: results of a prospective randomized trial","volume":"31","author":"Simms","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0093|cit93","first-page":"407","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation-associated pneumonia and the prevention of stress ulcer. A randomized clinical trial of antacids and ranitidine versus sucralfate","volume":"102","author":"Sirvent","year":"1994","journal-title":"Medicina Clinica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0094|cit94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(84)90004-7","article-title":"15 (R)-15-methyl prostaglandin E2 does not prevent gastrointestinal bleeding in seriously ill patients","volume":"147","author":"Skillman","year":"1984","journal-title":"American Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0095|cit95","first-page":"37","article-title":"Comparison between the preventive effects of ranitidine and omeprazole on upper gastrointestinal bleeding among ICU patients","volume":"8","author":"Solouki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tanaffos"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0096|cit96","first-page":"177","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia among ICU patients receiving mechanical ventilation and prophylaxis of gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"4","author":"Solouki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0097|cit97","first-page":"1202","article-title":"Intermittent intravenous pantoprazole and continuous cimetidine infusion: effect on gastric pH control in critically ill patients at risk of developing stress-related mucosal disease","volume":"64","author":"Somberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0098|cit98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2006.07.014","article-title":"Aluminum load in ICU patients during stress ulcer prophylaxis","volume":"17","author":"Stoehr","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0099|cit99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198008000-00006","article-title":"Randomized prospective evaluation of cimetidine and antacid control of gastric pH in the critically ill","volume":"192","author":"Stothert","year":"1980","journal-title":"Annals of Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0100|cit100","first-page":"1051","article-title":"Effects of pantoprazole on systemic and gastric pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in critically ill patients","volume":"11","author":"Tabeefar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0101|cit101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terzi Coelho CB Dragosavac D Coelho Neto JS Montes CG Guerrazzi F Andreollo NA Ranitidine is unable to maintain gastric pH levels above 4 in septic patients Journal of Critical Care 2009 627.e7 13 10.1016\/j.jcrc.2009.02.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2009.02.012"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0102|cit102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199609000-00020","article-title":"Nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated trauma patients during stress ulcer prophylaxis with sucralfate, antacid, and ranitidine","volume":"41","author":"Thomason","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0103|cit103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1003446","article-title":"Prevention of acute stress hemorrhages of the upper gastrointestinal tract with pirenzepine and antacids. A controlled comparison between pirenzepine and cimetidine","volume":"19","author":"Tryba","year":"1984","journal-title":"Anasthesie, Intensivtherapie, Notfallmedizin"},{"issue":"2C","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0104|cit104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90574-1","article-title":"Prevention of acute stress bleeding with sucralfate, antacids, or cimetidine. A controlled study with pirenzepine as a basic medication","volume":"79","author":"Tryba","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"3B","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0105|cit105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90840-0","article-title":"Risk of acute stress bleeding and nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated intensive care unit patients: sucralfate versus antacids","volume":"83","author":"Tryba","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0106|cit106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1067744","article-title":"Stress bleeding and postoperative pneumonia in intensive care patients with ranitidine or pirenzepine","volume":"113","author":"Tryba","year":"1988","journal-title":"Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0107|cit107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000199170","article-title":"Prevention of stress-induced upper gastrointestinal bleeding by cimetidine in patients on assisted ventilation","volume":"31","author":"Berg","year":"1985","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0108|cit108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198511000-00036","article-title":"Intragastric prostaglandin E2 and the prevention of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in ICU patients","volume":"13","author":"Essen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0109|cit109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5544","DOI":"10.11569\/wcjd.v23.i34.5544","article-title":"Impact of comprehensive intestinal irritation on digestive function in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Chinese Journal of Digestology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0110|cit110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A181","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0000439969.36301.c9","article-title":"IV famotidine vs. IV pantoprazole for stress ulcer prevention in the ICU: a prospective study","volume":"41","author":"Wee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0111|cit111","first-page":"299","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of intravenous famotidine versus intavenous pantoprazole for stress ulcer prophylaxis in the critically ill: a prospective randomized study","volume":"26","author":"Wee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0112|cit112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1981.01380170077013","article-title":"Cimetidine vs antacid in prophylaxis for stress ulceration","volume":"116","author":"Weigelt","year":"1981","journal-title":"Archives of Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0113|cit113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1053\/jcrc.2002.36761","article-title":"Occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in mechanically ventilated pediatric intensive care patients during stress ulcer prophylaxis with sucralfate, ranitidine, and omeprazole","volume":"17","author":"Yildizdas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Critical Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0114|cit114","first-page":"214","article-title":"The prevention of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in patients in an intensive care unit","volume":"153","author":"Zinner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0115|cit115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198911000-00004","article-title":"Misoprostol versus antacid titration for preventing stress ulcers in postoperative surgical ICU patients","volume":"210","author":"Zinner","year":"1989","journal-title":"Annals of Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0116|cit116","first-page":"185","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of ranitidine and famotidine on intragastric acidity in critically ill pediatric patients","volume":"81","author":"Aanpreung","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0117|cit117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-003-1240-6","article-title":"The comparative effects of single intravenous doses of omeprazole and famotidine on intragastric pH","volume":"39","author":"Abe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0118|cit118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e636","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000471","article-title":"Time to declare a moratorium on stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically Ill","volume":"42","author":"Alaniz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0119|cit119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-393X(05)80268-1","article-title":"Comparison of intravenous famotidine and ranitidine in suppressing gastric acid secretion in critically ill patients","volume":"55","author":"Al-Quorain","year":"1994","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0120|cit120","first-page":"no pagination","article-title":"32nd Congress of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Focusing on the Brain","volume":"57","author":"Anonymous","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, Supplement"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0121|cit121","first-page":"no pagination","article-title":"33rd Congress of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine","volume":"59","author":"Anonymous","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0122|cit122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199104000-00006","article-title":"The role of sustained achlorhydria in bleeding peptic ulcer","volume":"13","author":"Arora","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0123|cit123","first-page":"24","article-title":"Attempt at preventive treatment of esophagitis caused by intubation during intensive care","volume":"11","author":"Baccino","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterologie Clinique et Biologique"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0124|cit124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199504000-00017","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of intermittent administration and continuous infusion of famotidine on gastric pH in critically ill patients: results of a prospective, randomized, crossover study","volume":"23","author":"Baghaie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0125|cit125","first-page":"15","article-title":"Ranitidine versus cimetidine in preventing acute gastroduodenal bleeding: a randomized trial in 193 critically ill patients - a multicentre study in Germany","volume":"21","author":"Barth","year":"1984","journal-title":"Intensivmedizin"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0126|cit126","first-page":"662","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage with cimetidine and somatostatin in intensive care patients (author's transl)","volume":"26","author":"Bauer","year":"1977","journal-title":"Der Anaesthesist"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0127|cit127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.3.2005003","article-title":"Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia by oral decontamination: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"164","author":"Bergmans","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0128|cit128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1007964","article-title":"Clopidogrel with or without omeprazole in coronary artery disease","volume":"363","author":"Bhatt","year":"2010","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0129|cit129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198509000-00014","article-title":"Prophylactic postoperative nasogastric decompression. A prospective study of its requirement and the influence of cimetidine in 200 patients","volume":"202","author":"Cheadle","year":"1985","journal-title":"Annals of Surgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0130|cit130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(71)90298-4","article-title":"Prevention of stress ulcers","volume":"122","author":"Chernov","year":"1971","journal-title":"American Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0131|cit131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529409091418","article-title":"Continuous infusions of nizatidine are safe and effective in the treatment of intensive care unit patients at risk for stress gastritis. The Nizatidine Intensive Care Unit Study Group","volume":"206","author":"Cloud","year":"1994","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. Supplement"},{"issue":"6a","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0132|cit132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90807-2","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of parenteral histamine (H2)-antagonists in acid suppression for the prevention of stress ulceration","volume":"83","author":"Critchlow","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0133|cit133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-5229.148635","article-title":"The comparison of extemporaneous preparations of omeprazole, pantoprazole oral suspension and intravenous pantoprazole on the gastric pH of critically ill-patients","volume":"19","author":"Dabiri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0134|cit134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-199309000-00005","article-title":"Intragastric pH monitoring","volume":"14","author":"Driscoll","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0135|cit135","first-page":"467","article-title":"Prevention of stress ulcers with cimetidine and ranitidine. Comparative studies within the scope of cardiosurgical interventions","volume":"136","author":"Duma","year":"1986","journal-title":"Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0136|cit136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529109037018","article-title":"Prophylaxis of gastrointestinal tract bleeding with magaldrate in patients admitted to a general hospital ward","volume":"26","author":"Estruch","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0137|cit137","first-page":"1416","article-title":"Intragastric pH monitoring during antisecretory therapy in patient with gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"84","author":"Fiorucci","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0138|cit138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R69","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6907","article-title":"Oral probiotic and prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study in intensive care unit patients","volume":"12","author":"Forestier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Critical Care (London, England)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0139|cit139","first-page":"603","article-title":"I.V. famotidine versus I.V. ranitidine: intragastric pH behavior in surgical intensive care patients","volume":"23","author":"Friedl","year":"1985","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0140|cit140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1993.tb00119.x","article-title":"Comparison of two intravenous ranitidine regimens in a homogeneous population of intensive care unit patients","volume":"7","author":"Geus","year":"1993","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0141|cit141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1007\/s001010050356","article-title":"A prevalence survey of nosocomial infections in intensive care units","volume":"45","author":"Hauer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0142|cit142","first-page":"277","article-title":"Randomized comparison of gastric pH control with intermittent and continuous intravenous infusion of famotidine in ICU patients","volume":"90","author":"Heiselman","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0143|cit143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1979.01370280165027","article-title":"Evaluation of intragastric pH in acutely ill patients","volume":"114","author":"Herrmann","year":"1979","journal-title":"Archives of Surgery"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0144|cit144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1973.03230100013003","article-title":"Antacids vs placebos in peptic ulcer therapy. A controlled double-blind investigation","volume":"226","author":"Hollander","year":"1973","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0145|cit145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.11569\/wcjd.v25.i11.1012","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitor therapy for prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Chinese Journal of Digestology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0146|cit146","first-page":"1665","article-title":"Enteral nutrition is superior to parenteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis: results of a randomized prospective trial","volume":"84","author":"Kalfarentzos","year":"1997","journal-title":"British Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0147|cit147","first-page":"97","article-title":"Acid-suppression profile of two continuously infused intravenous doses of cimetidine","volume":"15","author":"Karlstadt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clinical Therapeutics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0148|cit148","first-page":"602","article-title":"Control of the intragastric pH value in infection and peritonitis by ranitidine versus cimetidine. A double-blind study","volume":"22","author":"Ketterl","year":"1984","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0149|cit149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.79.4.409","article-title":"Results of gastric neutralization with hourly antacids and cimetidine in 320 intubated patients with respiratory failure","volume":"79","author":"Khan","year":"1981","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0150|cit150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R136","DOI":"10.1186\/cc7109","article-title":"Use of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299 to reduce pathogenic bacteria in the oropharynx of intubated patients: a randomised controlled open pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Klarin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Critical Care (London, England)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0151|cit151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3725-1","article-title":"Prevalence and outcome of gastrointestinal bleeding and use of acid suppressants in acutely ill adult intensive care patients","volume":"41","author":"Krag","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0152|cit152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1001099","article-title":"Continuous intragastric pH measurement in intensive care patients treated with ranitidine and tube feeding","volume":"25 Suppl 1","author":"Krier","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anasthesie, Intensivtherapie, Notfallmedizin"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0153|cit153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2105141","article-title":"Influence of combined intravenous and topical antibiotic prophylaxis on the incidence of infections, organ dysfunctions, and mortality in critically ill surgical patients: a prospective, stratified, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"166","author":"Krueger","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0154|cit154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F151","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.78.2.F151","article-title":"Long-term gastric pH monitoring for determining optimal dose of ranitidine for critically ill preterm and term neonates","volume":"78","author":"Kuusela","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0155|cit155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200110000-00014","article-title":"Intravenous omeprazole in critically ill patients: a randomized, crossover study comparing 40 with 80 mg plus 8 mg\/hour on intragastric pH","volume":"29","author":"Laterre","year":"2001","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0156|cit156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199406000-00011","article-title":"Equivalence of litmus paper and intragastric pH probes for intragastric pH monitoring in the intensive care unit","volume":"22","author":"Levine","year":"1994","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0157|cit157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.9.JNS12170","article-title":"A randomized controlled study comparing omeprazole and cimetidine for the prophylaxis of stress-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"118","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0158|cit158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.219","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of famotidine and ranitidine in critically ill children","volume":"54","author":"Madani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"08","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0159|cit159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197608000-00009","article-title":"Antacid control of complications from acute gastroduodenal disease after burns","volume":"16","author":"McAlhany","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0160|cit160","first-page":"620","article-title":"Cimetidine affords protection equal to antacids in prevention of stress ulceration following thermal injury","volume":"86","author":"McElwee","year":"1979","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0161|cit161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1185\/03007991003694308","article-title":"Intravenous esomeprazole pharmacodynamics in critically ill patients","volume":"26","author":"Metz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Medical Research Opinion"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0162|cit162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.07.011","article-title":"A randomized placebo controlled trial of ranitidine versus sucralfate in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage for prevention of gastric hemorrhage","volume":"239","author":"Misra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0163|cit163","first-page":"153","article-title":"A comparative study of bolus administration and continuous infusion of ranitidine on gastric pH with intragastric pH-probe","volume":"10","author":"Mojtahedzadeh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Daru"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0164|cit164","first-page":"215","article-title":"Randomized, prospective trial of cimetidine and ranitidine for control of intragastric pH in the critically ill","volume":"97","author":"More","year":"1985","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0165|cit165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200102000-00008","article-title":"Plasma aluminium levels during sucralfate prophylaxis for stress ulceration in critically ill patients on continuous venovenous hemofiltration: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Mulla","year":"2001","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0166|cit166","first-page":"756","article-title":"Effect of single intravenous doses of histamine2 receptor antagonists on volume and pH of gastric acid secretions in critically ill patients","volume":"56","author":"Olsen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Health Advance"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0167|cit167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03728.x","article-title":"Comparison of the enteral and intravenous lansoprazole pharmacodynamic responses in critically ill patients","volume":"28","author":"Olsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0168|cit168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc1994.3.4.267","article-title":"Effects of two dosing regimens of intravenous ranitidine on gastric pH in critically ill children","volume":"3","author":"Osteyee","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Critical Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0169|cit169","first-page":"229","article-title":"The effect of cimetidine versus ranitidine on the gastric emptying rate of intensive care unit patients sustained on artificial respiration","volume":"59","author":"Pelfrene","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Gastro-enterologica Belgica"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0170|cit170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03522.x","article-title":"A randomized, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic, cross-over study of duodenal or jejunal administration compared to nasogastric administration of omeprazole suspension in patients at risk for stress ulcers","volume":"96","author":"Phillips","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0171|cit171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03010739","article-title":"The comparative efficacy of cimetidine and ranitidine in controlling gastric pH in critically ill patients","volume":"33","author":"Reid","year":"1986","journal-title":"Canadian Anaesthetists' Society Journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0172|cit172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.11569\/wcjd.v23.i7.1145","article-title":"Pantoprazole for prevention of post-traumatic stress ulcer","volume":"23","author":"Ren","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Chinese Journal of Digestology"},{"issue":"10 Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0173|cit173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028089023S1006","article-title":"Safety and acid-suppressant properties of histamine2-receptor antagonists for the prevention of stress-related mucosal damage in critical care patients","volume":"23","author":"Schentag","year":"1989","journal-title":"DICP: Annals of Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0174|cit174","first-page":"15","article-title":"Ranitidine versus cimetidine in preventing acute gastroduodenal bleeding: a randomised trial in 193 critically ill patients - a multi centre study in Germany","volume":"21","author":"Simon","year":"1984","journal-title":"Intensivmedizin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0175|cit175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anpedi.2012.06.002","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of intravenous omeprazole in critically ill children","volume":"78","author":"Solana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anales de Pediatria"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0176|cit176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(03)00058-X","article-title":"The role of acid suppression in the management and prevention of gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with gastroduodenal ulcers","volume":"32","author":"Sung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0177|cit177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199605303342204","article-title":"Famotidine for the prevention of gastric and duodenal ulcers caused by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs","volume":"334","author":"Taha","year":"1996","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0178|cit178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2007.10.038","article-title":"Histamine 2 receptor antagonists vs intravenous proton pump inhibitors in a pediatric intensive care unit: a comparison of gastric pH","volume":"23","author":"Tofil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Critical Care"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0179|cit179","first-page":"1005","article-title":"The effects of omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, on early gastric stagnation after a pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy: results of a randomized study","volume":"45","author":"Toyota","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepato-gastroenterology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0180|cit180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200512000-00014","article-title":"The effect of regular and high doses of omeprazole on the intragastric acidity in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer treated endoscopically: a clinical trial with continuous intragastric pH monitoring","volume":"17","author":"Udd","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0181|cit181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.12.068","article-title":"Proton-pump inhibitors reduce gastrointestinal events regardless of aspirin dose in patients requiring dual antiplatelet therapy","volume":"67","author":"Vaduganathan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0182|cit182","first-page":"746","article-title":"Comparative study of famotidine vs ranitidine in critically ill patients in mechanical ventilation","volume":"121","author":"Vargas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Revista Medica de Chile"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0183|cit183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-393X(95)85086-4","article-title":"The effectiveness of gastric pH control with bolus famotidine versus cimetidine for stress ulcer prophylaxis in a surgical intensive care unit","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Current Theraputic Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0184|cit184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2015.02.020","article-title":"Comparison of intravenous plus oral pantoprazole therapy and oral pantoprazole alone for preventing gastrointestinal bleeding in acute coronary syndrome patients with high bleeding risk","volume":"24","author":"Yao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart, Lung & Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0185|cit185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2002.02775.x","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of octreotide, vasopressin, and omeprazole in the control of acute bleeding in patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy: a controlled study","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0186|cit186","first-page":"19","article-title":"Efficacy of sucralfate in the prevention of upper gastrointestinal stress bleeding in intensive care patients: comparison vs a control group","volume":"3","author":"Labattut","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clinical Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0187|cit187","first-page":"A147","article-title":"Intermittent intravenous pantoprazole rapidly achieves and maintains gastric pH \u2265 4.0 compared with continuous infusion H2-receptor antagonist in intensive care unit patients","volume":"29","author":"Morris","year":"2001","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0188|cit188","unstructured":"ACTRN12616000481471 Proton pump inhibitors vs. histamine-2 receptor blockers for ulcer prophylaxis therapy in the intensive care unit anzctr.org.au\/ACTRN12616000481471.aspx"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0189|cit189","unstructured":"EUCTR2015-000318-24-DK Stress ulcer prophylaxis in the intensive care unit clinicaltrialsregister.eu\/ctr-search\/search?query=EUCTR2015-000318-24-DK"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0190|cit190","unstructured":"EudraCT 2007-006102-19 Omeprazole treatment for prophylaxis of gastrointestinal bleeding and gastroesophagic reflux in critically ill children clinicaltrialsregister.eu\/ctr-search\/trial\/2007-006102-19\/ES"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0191|cit191","unstructured":"IRCT201104134578N2 Ranitidine and pantoprazole in prevention of stress ulcer http:\/\/apps.who.int\/trialsearch\/Trial.aspx?TrialID=IRCT201104134578N2"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0192|cit192","unstructured":"ISRCTN12845429 DRIVE - desmopressin for procedures or radiological interventions isrctn.com\/ISRCTN12845429"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0193|cit193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12917","article-title":"Stress ulcer prophylaxis in the intensive care unit trial: detailed statistical analysis plan","volume":"61","author":"Krag","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0194|cit194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-016-1331-3","article-title":"Stress ulcer prophylaxis with a proton pump inhibitor versus placebo in critically ill patients (SUP-ICU trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Krag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0195|cit195","unstructured":"NCT00590928 Gastric pH in critically ill patients clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT00590928"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0196|cit196","unstructured":"NCT00702871 A clinico-bacteriological study and effect of stress ulcer prophylaxis on occurrence of ventilator associated pneumonia clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT00702871"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0197|cit197","unstructured":"NCT02157376 Stress ulcer prophylaxis of intravenous esomeprazole in Chinese seriously ill patients (SUP) clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT02157376"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0198|cit198","unstructured":"NCT02290327 Re-evaluating the inhibition of stress erosions: gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis In ICU (REVISE) clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT02290327"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0199|cit199","unstructured":"NCT02718261 Sup-Icu RENal (SIREN) clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT02718261"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0200|cit200","unstructured":"NCT03098537 Effects of enteral nutrition on stress ulcer hemorrage. Multicenter randomized controlled trial clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT03098537"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0201|cit201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/56.4.347","article-title":"ASHP therapeutic guidelines on stress ulcer prophylaxis","volume":"56","author":"ASHP Commission on Therapeutics","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0202|cit202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182758734","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors versus histamine 2 receptor antagonists for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"41","author":"Alhazzani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0203|cit203","unstructured":"Alhazzani W Alshamsi F Belley-Cote E Heels-Ansdell D Brignardello-Petersen R Alquraini M Efficacy and safety of stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients: a network meta-analysis of randomized trials Intensive Care Medicine 10.1007\/s00134-017-5005-8"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0204|cit204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.03.005","article-title":"Sucralfate versus histamine 2 receptor antagonists for stress ulcer prophylaxis in adult critically ill patients: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized trials","volume":"40","author":"Alquraini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Critical Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0205|cit205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1305-6","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"20","author":"Alshamsi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0206|cit206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/56.4.347","article-title":"ASHP therapeutic guidelines on stress ulcer prophylaxis","volume":"56","author":"Armstrong","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0207|cit207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v30i2.985","article-title":"Bleeding during critical illness: a prospective cohort study using a new measurement tool","volume":"30","author":"Arnold","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical & Investigative Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0208|cit208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.194","article-title":"Assessing the risk of hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection with proton pump inhibitor use: a meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Arriola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0209|cit209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92530-8","article-title":"Stomach as source of bacteria colonising respiratory tract during artificial ventilation","volume":"2","author":"Atherton","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0210|cit210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2007.27.4.32","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia risk factors and prevention","volume":"27","author":"Augustyn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Critical Care Nurse"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0211|cit211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinepi.2010.07.015","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence","volume":"64","author":"Balshem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0212|cit212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2014.235","article-title":"Stress-related mucosal disease in the critically ill patient","volume":"12","author":"Bardou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0213|cit213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.474","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors vs. histamine 2 receptor antagonists for stress-related mucosal bleeding prophylaxis in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis","volume":"107","author":"Barkun AN. Bardou","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0214|cit214","unstructured":"Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines for preventing health-care associated pneumonia, 2003: recommendations of CDC and the Heathcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncidod\/dhqp\/pdf\/guidelines\/CDCpneumo_guidelines.pdf"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0215|cit215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.7.2105078","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"165","author":"Chastre","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0216|cit216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-6-200303180-00015","article-title":"Prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia: an evidence-based systematic review","volume":"138","author":"Collard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0217|cit217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.1.7","article-title":"Nosocomial pneumonia and the role of gastric pH. A meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Cook","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0218|cit218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.2307\/30148492","article-title":"Histamine-2-receptor antagonists and antacids in the critically ill population: stress ulceration versus nosocomial pneumonia","volume":"15","author":"Cook","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0219|cit219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529509090271","article-title":"Stress ulcer prophylaxis: gastrointestinal bleeding and nosocomial pneumonia","volume":"30","author":"Cook","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0220|cit220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529509090271","article-title":"Stress ulcer prophylaxis: gastrointestinal bleeding and nosocomial pneumonia. Best evidence synthesis","volume":"210","author":"Cook","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0221|cit221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530280060038","article-title":"Stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients. Resolving discordant meta-analyses","volume":"275","author":"Cook","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0222|cit222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803193381203","article-title":"A comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation","volume":"338","author":"Cook","year":"1998","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0223|cit223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-6-199809150-00002","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients","volume":"129","author":"Cook","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0224|cit224","first-page":"792","article-title":"Risk factors for pneumonia and fatality in patients receiving continuous mechanical ventilation","volume":"133","author":"Craven","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0225|cit225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(03)00088-4","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for Clostridium difficile diarrhoea","volume":"54","author":"Cunningham","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Hospital Infection"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0226|cit226","article-title":"Chapter 9: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011)","author":"Deeks","year":"2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0227|cit227","volume-title":"Dorland's Pocket Medical Dictionary","author":"Dorland","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0228|cit228","first-page":"1","article-title":"Levels of critical care for adult patients. Standards and guidelines","volume-title":"Intensive Care Society Standards","author":"Goldhil","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0229|cit229","unstructured":"McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime) GRADEpro GDT 2015"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0230|cit230","first-page":"24","volume-title":"Practice Management Guidelines for Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis. EAST Practice Management Guidelines Committee","author":"Guillamondegui","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0231|cit231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1859","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of histamine2 receptor antagonists versus proton pump inhibitors for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients","volume":"31","author":"Hammond","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0232|cit232","unstructured":"Higgins JPT Altman DG Sterne JAC (editors) Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0233|cit233","article-title":"Chapter 16: Special topics in statistics","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0234|cit234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.1.10","article-title":"Ranitidine reduced clinically important gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who required mechanical ventilation","volume":"44","author":"Hinds","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0235|cit235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-3125-3","article-title":"Stress ulcer prophylaxis versus placebo or no prophylaxis in critically ill patients. A systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis","volume":"40","author":"Krag","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Care Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0236|cit236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.108","article-title":"Risk of Clostridium difficile infection with acid suppressing drugs and antibiotics: meta-analysis","volume":"107","author":"Kwok","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0237|cit237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181d69ccf","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors vs histamine-2 receptor antagonists for stress ulcer bleeding prophylaxis among critical care patients: a meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0238|cit238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000032","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of histamine receptor-2 antagonist versus proton pump inhibitor for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients","volume":"42","author":"MacLaren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0239|cit239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn162","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the UK: report of the Working Party on Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","volume":"62","author":"Masterton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0240|cit240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010209","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia or not? Contemporary diagnosis","volume":"7","author":"Mayhall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0241|cit241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607109335234","article-title":"Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.)","volume":"33","author":"McClave","year":"2009","journal-title":"JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0242|cit242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7269.1103","article-title":"Bleeding and pneumonia in intensive care patients given ranitidine and sucralfate for prevention of stress ulcer: meta\u00adanalysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"321","author":"Messori","year":"2000","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0243|cit243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.4.1222","article-title":"GI complications in patients receiving mechanical ventilation","volume":"119","author":"Mutlu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0244|cit244","unstructured":"Neligan P Critical care medicine tutorials. Stress ulcer prophylaxis in critical care http:\/\/www.ccmtutorials.com\/support\/ulcers\/index.htm"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0245|cit245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03015779","article-title":"Best evidence in critical care medicine: stress ulcer prophylaxis in the intensive care unit: damned if you do, damned if you don't","volume":"52","author":"Penner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Anesthesia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0246|cit246","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of complications in hospitalized patients part III: upper gastrointestinal stress ulcers","volume":"2","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of UCLA Healthcare"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0247|cit247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1204000207","article-title":"Prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding due to stress ulceration: a review of current literature","volume":"40","author":"Pilkington","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0248|cit248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1086\/506410","article-title":"Detection and quantitation of the etiologic agents of ventilator-associated pneumonia in endotracheal tube aspirates from patients in Iran","volume":"27","author":"Rahbar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0249|cit249","unstructured":"The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager (RevMan) 2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0250|cit250","first-page":"C4811","article-title":"Guideline for stress ulcer prophylaxis in the intensive care unit","volume":"61","author":"Rorbaek Madsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Danish Medical Journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0251|cit251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000181731.53912.D9","article-title":"Clinical and economic consequences of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Safdar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0252|cit252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470712184.ch12","article-title":"Interpreting results drawing conclusions","volume-title":"In: Higgins JPT, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.1 (updated September 2008)","author":"Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2008. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0253|cit253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2006.26.1.18","article-title":"Update on stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients","volume":"26","author":"Spirt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Critical Care Nurse"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0254|cit254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199107000-00020","article-title":"Sucralfate versus antacids or H2-antagonists for stress ulcer prophylaxis: a meta-analysis on efficacy and pneumonia rate","volume":"19","author":"Tryba","year":"1991","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0255|cit255","first-page":"S44","article-title":"Prophylaxis of stress-ulcer bleeding. A meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Tryba","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0256|cit256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529509090272","article-title":"Gastric alkalinization, pneumonia, and systemic infections: the controversy","volume":"210","author":"Tryba","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2-BIB0257|cit257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008687","article-title":"Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units","author":"George","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,7]],"date-time":"2024-07-07T07:36:45Z","timestamp":1720337805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD008687.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Upper GI and Pancreatic Diseases Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]]},"references-count":257,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd008687.pub2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]]}}}