{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T23:55:33Z","timestamp":1772754933947,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd008939","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]],"date-time":"2013-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371686400000}}],"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd008939.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]],"date-time":"2013-06-20T17:49:02Z","timestamp":1371750542000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["QTc interval screening for cardiac risk in methadone treatment of opioid dependence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Pier Paolo","family":"Pani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health District 8 (ASL 8) Cagliari; Social-Health Division; Via Logudoro 17 Cagliari Sardinia Italy 09127"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Trogu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health District 8 (ASL 8) Cagliari; Social-Health Division; Via Logudoro 17 Cagliari Sardinia Italy 09127"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Icro","family":"Maremmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\"Santa Chiara\" University Hospital, University of Pisa, Italy; \"Vincent P. Dole\" Dual Diagnosis Unit, Department of Neurosciences; Via Roma, 67 Pisa Italy 56100"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Pacini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Addiction Treatment Association (Europad); Policlinico Umberto I, University La Sapienza, Rome; Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/10550880903436044","article-title":"Onsite QTc interval screening for patients in methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"29","author":"Fareed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Addictive Diseases"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2010.00237.x","article-title":"Methadone maintenance, QTc and torsade de pointes: who needs an electrocardiogram and what is the prevalence of QTc prolongation?","volume":"30","author":"Mayet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Review"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02549.x","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical relevance of corrected QT interval prolongation during methadone and buprenorphine treatment: a mortality assessment study","volume":"104","author":"Anchersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.06.015","article-title":"Opioid maintenance patients with QTc prolongation: congenital long QT syndrome mutation may be a contributing risk factor","volume":"112","author":"Anchersen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.26","article-title":"Substitution of (R,S)-methadone by (R)-methadone impact on QTc interval","volume":"170","author":"Ansermot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cki168","article-title":"Drug-related mortality and its impact on adult mortality in eight European countries","volume":"16","author":"Bargagli","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2011.610707","article-title":"CSAT's QT interval screening in methadone report: outrageous fortune or sea of troubles?","volume":"30","author":"Bart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Addictive Diseases"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00602.x","article-title":"Mortality in a cohort of opiate and amphetamine users in Perth, Western Australia","volume":"99","author":"Bartu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)02337-8","article-title":"Torsades de pointes associated with non antiarrhythmic drugs and observations on gender and QTc","volume":"89","author":"Bednar","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03014.x","article-title":"The global diversion of pharmaceutical drugs: opiate treatment and the diversion of pharmaceutical opiates: a clinician's perspective","volume":"105","author":"Bell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01089.x","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of methadone maintenance programmes on mortality due to overdose and aids in a cohort of heroin users in Spain","volume":"100","author":"Brugal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993\u20131001","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00179.x","article-title":"An increase in overdose mortality during the first 2 weeks after entering or re-entering methadone treatment in Amsterdam","volume":"97","author":"Buster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-3-200908040-00013","article-title":"Concerns about consensus guidelines for QTc interval screening in methadone treatment","volume":"151","author":"Byrne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089609045806","article-title":"Methadone maintenance and addicts' risk of fatal heroin overdose","volume":"31","author":"Caplehorn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Substance Use and Misuse"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","first-page":"493","article-title":"Vital signs: risk for overdose from methadone used for pain relief United States, 1999-2010","volume":"61","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013 [Epub ahea","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.12.027","article-title":"Prescription opioid mortality trends in New York City, 1990-2006: examining the emergence of an epidemic","author":"Cerd\u00e1","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.10.009","article-title":"A community-based evaluation of sudden death associated with therapeutic levels of methadone","volume":"121","author":"Chugh","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.11.003","article-title":"Mortality prior to, during and after opioid maintenance treatment (OMT): a national prospective cross-registry study","volume":"94","author":"Clausen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-3-200908040-00014","article-title":"Concerns about consensus guidelines for QTc interval screening in methadone treatment","volume":"151","author":"Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.630","article-title":"The effects of methadone and its role in fatalities","volume":"19","author":"Corkery","year":"2004","journal-title":"Human Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","first-page":"533","article-title":"Relapse prevention: cognitive and behavioral interventions","volume-title":"Substance Abuse, A Comprehensive Textbook","author":"Daley","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jtg022","article-title":"Heroin overdose: research and evidence based intervention","volume":"80","author":"Darke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00877.x","article-title":"Postmarketing surveillance of methadone and buprenorphine in the United States","volume":"11","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.02025.x","article-title":"Risk of fatal overdose during and after specialist drug treatment: the VEdeTTE study, a national multi-site prospective cohort study","volume":"102","author":"Davoli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","first-page":"E156","article-title":"Torsades de pointes due to methadone","volume":"139","author":"Bels","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","first-page":"249\u2013252","article-title":"Buprenorphine as a safe alternative to methadone in a patient with acquired long QT syndrome: a case report","volume":"21","author":"Jong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Netherlands Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200225040-00004","article-title":"Safety of non-antiarrhythmic drugs that prolong the QT interval or induce torsade de pointes: an overview","volume":"25","author":"Ponti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Safety"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.05.021","article-title":"Mortality among clients of a state-wide opioid pharmacotherapy program over 20 years: risk factors and lives saved","volume":"105","author":"Degenhardt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100120","article-title":"Stereoselective block of hERG channel by (S)-methadone and QT interval prolongation in CYP2B6 slow metabolizers","volume":"81","author":"Eap","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.12.1280","article-title":"Drug induced long QT syndrome in injection drug users receiving methadone: high frequency in hospitalised patients and risk factors","volume":"166","author":"Ehret","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016345412555","article-title":"QTc interval in the assessment of cardiac risk","volume":"6","author":"Elming","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiac Electrophysiology Review"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","unstructured":"Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Group Draft EPOC 'Risk of Bias' guideline 2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002208","article-title":"Methadone maintenance at different dosages for opioid dependence","author":"Faggiano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2006.100180","article-title":"Syncope and QT prolongation among patients treated with methadone for heroin dependence in the city of Copenhagen","volume":"93","author":"Fanoe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hearth"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","unstructured":"Food Drug Administration FDA ALERT: death, narcotic overdose, and serious cardiac arrhythmias, 2006 http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Drugs\/DrugSafety\/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders\/ucm142841.htm accessed May 2013"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S173","DOI":"10.1086\/508180","article-title":"Opioid dependence: rationale for and efficacy of existing and new treatments","volume":"43","author":"Fiellin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.273","article-title":"A modeling and simulation approach to characterize methadone QT prolongation using pooled data from five clinical trials in MMT patients","volume":"91","author":"Florian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.06.018","article-title":"Prevalence of long QTc interval in methadone maintenance patients","volume":"99","author":"Fonseca","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2006.02.010","article-title":"Opioid switching from morphine to methadone causes a minor but not clinically significant increase in QTc time: a prospective 9-month follow-up study","volume":"32","author":"Fredheim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Pain Symptom Management"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","first-page":"S24","article-title":"Evaluation of the profile of patients with QTc prolongation in spontaneous adverse event reporting over the past three decades\u20141969-1998","volume":"9 Suppl 1","author":"Fung","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00906-8","article-title":"QT prolongation and torsades de pointes in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus and treated with methadone","volume":"92","author":"Gil","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-6-200903170-00111","article-title":"First do no harm . . . reduction?","volume":"150","author":"Gourevitch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004145","article-title":"Substitution treatment of injecting opioid users for prevention of HIV infection","author":"Gowing","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07948-5","article-title":"Uses and abuses of screening tests","volume":"359","author":"Grimes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-009-9465-9","article-title":"Ventricular arrhythmias in patients treated with methadone for opioid dependence","volume":"28","author":"Hanon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jtg030","article-title":"Drug-related mortality and fatal overdose risk: pilot cohort study of heroin users recruited from specialist drug treatment sites in London","volume":"80","author":"Hickman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","unstructured":"Higgins JPT Green S (editors) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011] The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01512.x","article-title":"Methadone-associated torsades de pointes (polymorphic ventricular tachycardia) in opioid-dependent patients","volume":"101","author":"Justo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.20.2288-b","article-title":"Methadone-induced long QT syndrome vs methadone-induced torsades de pointes","volume":"166","author":"Justo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(03)00205-7","article-title":"QTc interval prolongation associated with intravenous methadone","volume":"105","author":"Kornick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-6-200209170-00010","article-title":"Torsade de pointes associated with very-high-dose methadone","volume":"137","author":"Krantz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annales of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.23.6.802.32186","article-title":"Dose-related effects of methadone on QT prolongation in a series of patients with torsades de pointes","volume":"23","author":"Krantz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.2005.25.11.1523","article-title":"Effects of methadone on QT-interval dispersion","volume":"25","author":"Krantz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.25.4.611.61020","article-title":"Effects of buprenorphine on cardiac repolarization in a patient with methadone-related torsade de pointes","volume":"25","author":"Krantz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-6-200903170-00103","article-title":"QTc interval screening in methadone treatment","volume":"150","author":"Krantz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annales of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7435.301","article-title":"Screening without evidence of efficacy","volume":"328","author":"Law","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e3181e8af3d","article-title":"The methadone epidemic: methadone-related deaths on the rise in Vermont","volume":"32","author":"Madden","year":"2011","journal-title":"The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1159\/000081416","article-title":"QTc interval prolongation in patients on long-term methadone maintenance therapy","volume":"11","author":"Maremmani","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Addiction Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0059|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.11.055","article-title":"Impact of methadone treatment on cardiac repolarization and conduction in opioid users","volume":"95","author":"Martell","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2011.610710","article-title":"QT interval screening in methadone maintenance treatment: report of a SAMHSA expert panel","volume":"30","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Addictive Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002207","article-title":"Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence","author":"Mattick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.13.1689","article-title":"Drug dependence, a chronic medical illness: implications for treatment, insurance, and outcomes evaluation","volume":"284","author":"McLellan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0063|cit63","unstructured":"Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program Standards and Clinical Guidelines College of Physicians & Surgeons of Ontario, Totonto, Ontario, 2011"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0064|cit64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.9.943","article-title":"Prolonged QTc interval and risks of total and cardiovascular mortality and sudden death in the general population: a review and qualitative overview of the prospective cohort studies","volume":"164","author":"Montanez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0065|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.12.1423","article-title":"Regional variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and outcome","volume":"300","author":"Nichol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0066|cit66","unstructured":"Wells GA Shea B O'Connell D Peterson J Welch V Losos M The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of non-randomised studies in meta-analyses, 2008 http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.htm accessed May 2013"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.07.068","article-title":"Role of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in patients with methadone-induced long QT syndrome","volume":"101","author":"Patel","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0068|cit68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1112","article-title":"QT prolongation and torsades de pointes among methadone users: reports to the FDA spontaneous reporting system","volume":"14","author":"Pearson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.04.020","article-title":"Risk factors and predictors of torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction receiving dofetilide","volume":"100","author":"Pedersen","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0070|cit70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01668.x","article-title":"Corrected-QT intervals as related to methadone dose and serum level in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"102","author":"Peles","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0071|cit71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.01.028","article-title":"A review of methadone deaths between 2001 and 2005 in Victoria, Australia","volume":"226","author":"Pilgrim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Forensic Science International"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022147","article-title":"Risk stratification in the long-QT syndrome","volume":"348","author":"Priori","year":"2003","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(02)00846-5","article-title":"Relationships between preclinical cardiac electrophysiology, clinical QTinterval prolongation and torsade de pointes for a broad range of drugs: evidence for a provisional safety margin in drug development","volume":"58","author":"Redfern","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-0590(83)80101-8","article-title":"Calcium channel blockade by certain opioids","volume":"3","author":"Seyler","year":"1983","journal-title":"Fundamental and Applied Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2006.10.004","article-title":"Surveillance of methadone-related adverse drug events using multiple public health data sources","volume":"40","author":"Sims","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Informatics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74A","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)90207-H","article-title":"Clinical safety profile of sotalol in patients with arrhythmias","volume":"65 Suppl","author":"Soyka","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-7-199904060-00019","article-title":"Acute heroin overdose","volume":"130","author":"Sporer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0078|cit78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2010.12.008","article-title":"Methadone-induced torsades de pointes: a twist of fate","volume":"40","author":"Thanavaro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0079|cit79","unstructured":"Drug Misuse and Dependence: UK Guidelines on Clinical Management Department of Health (England), the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government, and Northern Ireland Executive, 2007"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569\u201374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2005.02.011","article-title":"Inaccurate electrocardiographic interpretation of long QT: the majority of physicians cannot recognize a long QT when they see one","volume":"2","author":"Viskin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0081|cit81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.22.2469","article-title":"QT-interval effects of methadone, levomethadyl, and buprenorphine in a randomised trial","volume":"167","author":"Wedam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0082|cit82","first-page":"164","article-title":"The methadone fix","volume":"86","author":"WHO","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1097\/00007691-200208000-00001","article-title":"Characterization of methadone overdose: clinical considerations and the scientific evidence","volume":"24","author":"Wolff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T22:32:00Z","timestamp":1742941920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD008939.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd008939.pub2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]]}}}