{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T05:07:06Z","timestamp":1789794426619,"version":"4.0.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd009317","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,11]],"date-time":"2014-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415664000000}}],"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd009317.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,11]],"date-time":"2014-11-11T22:32:42Z","timestamp":1415745162000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Psychological, social and welfare interventions for psychological health and well-being of torture survivors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Nimisha","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of East London; School of Psychology; Romford Road, Stratford London UK E15 4LZ"},{"name":"International Centre for Health and Human Rights; London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blerina","family":"Kellezi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham; School of Medicine, Division of Primary Care; Tower Building, University Park Nottingham UK NG7 2RD"},{"name":"Univeristy of Oxford; Centre for Criminology; Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda C de C","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Health and Human Rights; London UK"},{"name":"University College London; Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology; Gower Street London UK WC1E 6BT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.12.006","article-title":"Narrative exposure therapy for political imprisonment-related chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and depression","volume":"45","author":"Bichescu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1159\/000327253","article-title":"Treatment of traumatized victims of war and torture: a randomized controlled comparison of narrative exposure therapy and stress inoculation training","volume":"80","author":"Hensel-Dittmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.184.3.251","article-title":"Testimony method to ameliorate post-traumatic stress symptoms. Community-based intervention study with Mozambican civil war survivors","volume":"184","author":"Igreja","year":"2004","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/16506070903121042","article-title":"Can asylum-seekers with posttraumatic stress disorder be successfully treated? A randomized controlled pilot study","volume":"39","author":"Neuner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cognitive Behaviour Therapy"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(00)00093-0","article-title":"Cognitive-behavior therapy vs exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD in refugees","volume":"39","author":"Paunovic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/1534765612451341","article-title":"Analysis of treatment methods for victims of torture in Kenya and East Africa region","volume":"19","author":"Pokhariyal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1159\/000093195","article-title":"Imaginary reliving in psychotherapy modifies mind and brain","volume":"16","author":"Schauer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Verhaltenstherapie"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5881","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v2i0.5881","article-title":"EMDR versus stabilisation in traumatised asylum seekers and refugees: results of a pilot study","volume":"2","author":"ter Heide","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20531","article-title":"A randomized trial of a reconciliation workshop with and without PTSD psychoeducation in Burundian sample","volume":"23","author":"Yeomans","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"127","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Narrative exposure therapy for PTSD increases top-down processing of aversive stimuli\u2014evidence from a randomized controlled treatment trial","volume":"12","author":"Adenauer","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","unstructured":"Catani C Neuner F Change of Neural Network Indicators Through Narrative Treatment of PTSD in Torture Victims NCT00563888"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","first-page":"121","article-title":"Project report: therapeutic effects of music on torture survivors and refugees","volume":"4","author":"Akhtar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Torture"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211853","article-title":"Controlled trial of psychotherapy for Congolese survivors of sexual violence","volume":"368","author":"Bass","year":"2013","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Group music therapy for patients with persistent post-traumatic stress disorder: an exploratory randomized controlled trial with mixed methods evaluation","volume":"10","author":"Carr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00343","article-title":"Children and mothers in war: an outcome study of a psychosocial intervention program","volume":"72","author":"Dybdahl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21922","article-title":"Brief narrative exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress in Iraqi refugees: a preliminary randomized clinical trial","volume":"27","author":"Hijazi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2190\/OM.65.2.d","article-title":"Efficacy of writing for recovery on traumatic grief symptoms of Afghani refugee bereaved adolescents: a randomized control trial","volume":"65","author":"Kalantari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.01040.x","article-title":"Physical activity within a CBT intervention improves coping with pain in traumatized refugees: results of a randomized controlled design","volume":"12","author":"Liedl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","first-page":"doi: 10.1037\/a0","article-title":"A pilot randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for Sudanese refugees in Cairo, Egypt","author":"Meffert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","first-page":"690","article-title":"Integrated exposure-based therapy for co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder and substance dependence: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"308","author":"Mills","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.03.016","article-title":"The effect of trauma-focused therapy on the altered T cell distribution in individuals with PTSD: evidence from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"54","author":"Morath","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.4.579","article-title":"A comparison of narrative exposure therapy, supportive counseling, and psychoeducation for treating posttraumatic stress disorder in an African refugee settlement","volume":"72","author":"Neuner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21790","article-title":"Reduction in posttraumatic stress symptoms in Congolese refugees practicing transcendental meditation","volume":"26","author":"Rees","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1159\/000229768","article-title":"Narrative exposure therapy versus interpersonal psychotherapy: a pilot randomized controlled trial with Rwandan genocide orphans","volume":"78","author":"Schaal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-14-137","article-title":"Treatment of traumatized refugees with sertraline versus venlafaxine in combination with psychotherapy\u2014study protocol for a randomized clinical trial","volume":"14","author":"Sonne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.010","article-title":"Does dissociation moderate treatment outcomes of narrative exposure treatment for PTSD? A secondary analysis from a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"57","author":"Halvorsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2013.07.002","article-title":"Treating PTSD in refugees and asylum seekers within the general health care system. A randomized controlled multicenter study","volume":"51","author":"Stenmark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2013.25.6.468","article-title":"Treating psychological trauma among Rwandan orphans is associated with a reduction in HIV risk-taking behaviors: a pilot study","volume":"25","author":"Talbot","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Education and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2012.699539","article-title":"'I think my future will be better than my past': examining support group influence on the mental health of HIV-infected Rwandan women","volume":"8","author":"Walstrom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Global Public Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","unstructured":"Bolton P A Controlled Trial of Mental Health Interventions for Torture Survivors in Kurdistan Scientific title: A Controlled Trial of Mental Health Interventions for Common Mental Health Problems Experienced by Torture Survivors Living in Kurdistan, Iraq http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT00925262"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","first-page":"S86","article-title":"Psychotherapeutic treatment of traumatised refugees with PTSD disorders: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"58","author":"Cavka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","unstructured":"Kolassa IT Immunological changes through narrative treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in torture victims http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01206790"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","unstructured":"Robinson C Effectiveness of mental health interventions on the Thailand-Burma border http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01459068"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stenmark H Catani C Elbert T G\u00f8testam KG Narrative exposure therapy compared to treatment as usual for refugees with PTSD\u2014preliminary results from a randomized controlled trial European Psychiatry [abstracts of the 20th European Congress of Psychiatry, EPA 2012 Mar 3-6; Prague Czech Republic] 2008 S90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2008.01.700"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","unstructured":"Weiss WM Study of Effectiveness of Mental Health Interventions Among Torture Survivors in Southern Iraq http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01177072"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","unstructured":"Knaevelsrud C Effects of Exposure for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With and Without Cognitive Restructuring in an Internet-based Intervention http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01508377"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","unstructured":"Amnesty International Amnesty International Report: The State of the World's Human Rights http:\/\/files.amnesty.org\/air13\/AmnestyInternational_AnnualReport2013_complete_en.pdf (accessed 25 September 2013)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1295-0_3","article-title":"Torture and mental health: a research overview","volume-title":"Mental Health Consequences of Torture","author":"Basoglu","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003388.pub3","article-title":"Psychological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)","author":"Bisson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1080\/13691830903368329","article-title":"Refugees\u2019 experiences of Home Office interviews: a qualitative study on the disclosure of sensitive personal information","volume":"36","author":"B\u00f6gner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Ethnic Migration Studies"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","article-title":"Diagnosis","volume-title":"This Is Madness: A Critical Look at Psychiatry and the Future of Mental Health Services","author":"Boyle","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","volume-title":"Schizophrenia: A Scientific Delusion?","author":"Boyle","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7451.1312","article-title":"Selecting, designing, and developing your questionnaire","volume":"328","author":"Boynton","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)00181-R","article-title":"Psychological responses of war and atrocity: limitations of current concepts","volume":"40","author":"Bracken","year":"1995","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","volume-title":"Rethinking the trauma of war","author":"Bracken","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6427.2004.00287.x","article-title":"Living in several languages: implications for therapy","volume":"26","author":"Burck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Family Therapy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7286.606","article-title":"The health of survivors of torture and organised violence","volume":"322","author":"Burnett","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.02.003","article-title":"Psychological assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of torture survivors: a review","volume":"27","author":"Campbell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","first-page":"75\u201390","article-title":"The development of a clinician-administered PTSD scale","volume":"8","author":"Blake","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma and Stress"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181d61258","article-title":"A systematic review of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder among refugees and asylum seekers","volume":"198","author":"Crumlish","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","first-page":"194","article-title":"Questioning Western assessment of trauma among Tibetan torture survivors. A quantitative assessment study with comments from Buddhist Lamas","volume":"19","author":"Elsass","year":"2009","journal-title":"Torture"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","volume-title":"Cultural Diversity, Mental Health and Psychiatry","author":"Fernando","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.172.1.90","article-title":"Psychological sequelae of torture and organised violence suffered by refugees from Iraq. Trauma-related factors compared with social factors in exile","volume":"172","author":"Gorst-Unsworth","year":"1998","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2013.00089","article-title":"Animal models of post-traumatic stress disorder: face validity","volume":"7","author":"Goswami","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0055|cit55","first-page":"5","article-title":"Approaches to torture rehabilitation","volume":"11","author":"Gurr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Torture"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0056|cit56","first-page":"68","article-title":"Aspects and problems associated with the use of interpreters in psychotherapy of victims of torture","volume":"7","author":"Haenel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Torture"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.03.010","article-title":"Does dissociation moderate treatment outcomes of narrative exposure treatment for PTSD? A secondary analysis from a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"57","author":"Halvorsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0059|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.82.6.903","article-title":"What\u2019s wrong with cross-cultural comparisons of subjective Likert scales? The reference-group effect","volume":"82","author":"Heine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470712184.ch8","article-title":"Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.2 [updated September 2009]","author":"Higgins","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470712184.ch16","article-title":"Chapter 16.5: Special topics in statistics","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.2 [updated September 2009]","author":"Higgins","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0063|cit63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1177\/136346150203900401","article-title":"Accurate measurement in cultural psychiatry: will we pay the costs?","volume":"39","author":"Hollifield","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transcultural Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0064|cit64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.5.611","article-title":"Measuring trauma and health status in a refugees: a critical review","volume":"288","author":"Hollifield","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0065|cit65","unstructured":"International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims 26 June - International Day against Torture. The fight against torture: a key priority for the EU http:\/\/europa.eu\/rapid\/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO\/07\/254."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0066|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.32.5.458","article-title":"Torture and its consequences: a challenge to clinical neuropsychology","volume":"32","author":"Jacobs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Professional Psychology\u2014Research and Practice"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/136346159503200302","article-title":"Government-sanctioned torture: status of the rehabilitation movement","volume":"32","author":"Jaranson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0068|cit68","first-page":"98","article-title":"Evaluating the services of torture rehabilitation programmes: history and recommendations","volume":"21","author":"Jaranson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Torture"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000245424.16482.f1","article-title":"Methods and frameworks for cross-cultural measurement","volume":"44","author":"Johnson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0070|cit70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.01.017","article-title":"The development and maintenance of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in civilian adult survivors of war trauma and torture: a review","volume":"28","author":"Johnson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0071|cit71","volume-title":"Making Us Crazy: DSM, The Psychiatric Bible and the Creation of Mental Disorders","author":"Kutchins","year":"1997"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000146739.26187.15","article-title":"Impact of a long asylum procedure on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Iraqi asylum seekers in The Netherlands","volume":"192","author":"Laban","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203697085","volume-title":"Asian Perspectives in Counselling and Psychotherapy","author":"Laungani","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220601183915","article-title":"Rethinking depression: an ethnographic study of the experiences of depression among Chinese","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Harvard Review of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0075|cit75","volume-title":"MTV om behandling og rehabilitering af PTSD\u2014herunder traumatiserede flygtninge","author":"Lund","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/714003784","article-title":"The right to appropriate psychological services","volume":"7","author":"Mahtani","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Human Rights"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461512447608","article-title":"Evidence-based psychological interventions for adult survivors of torture and trauma: a 30-year review","volume":"49","author":"McFarlane","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transcult Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0078|cit78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S205","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000245451.67862.57","article-title":"Assessing and understanding measurement equivalence in health outcome measures","volume":"44","author":"McHorney","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0079|cit79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.166.6.705","article-title":"Assessmnet and treatment approaches for survivors of torture","volume":"166","author":"McIvor RJ. Turner","year":"1995","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143822","article-title":"State of the science on psychosocial interventions for ethnic minorities","volume":"1","author":"Miranda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0081|cit81","volume-title":"Measuring Trauma, Measuring Torture: Instructions and Guidance on the Utilization of the Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma\u2019s Versions of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ)","author":"Mollica","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0082|cit82","first-page":"141","article-title":"Torture rehabilitation: reflections on treatment outcome studies","volume":"21","author":"Montgomery","year":"2011","journal-title":"Torture"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101284","article-title":"Torture and its neurological sequelae","volume":"40","author":"Moreno","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0084|cit84","first-page":"233","article-title":"Working with diversity: professional practice and ethical considerations","volume-title":"The Handbook of Professional and Ethical Practice for Psychologists, Counsellors and Psychotherapists","author":"Newlands","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0085|cit85","unstructured":"Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The management of PTSD in adults and children in primary and secondary care National Clinical Practice Guideline 26 2005"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0086|cit86","unstructured":"Depression. The treatment and management of depression in adults (updated version) National Clinical Practice Guideline 90 2010"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0087|cit87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/09638230410001729807","article-title":"The psychological treatment of PTSD in adult refugees: a review of the current state of psychological therapies","volume":"13","author":"Nicholl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0088|cit88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.10.004","article-title":"A critical review of psychological treatments of posttraumatic stress disorder in refugees","volume":"31","author":"Nickerson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0089|cit89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.08.006","article-title":"Urologic complications of sexual trauma among male survivors of torture","volume":"65","author":"Norredam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0090|cit90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b3244","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b3244","article-title":"The effects of excluding patients from the analysis in randomised controlled trials: meta-epidemiological study","volume":"339","author":"Nuesch","year":"2009","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0091|cit91","volume-title":"Clinical Psychology, 'Race' and Culture: A Resource Pack for Trainers","author":"Patel","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0092|cit92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/714003792","article-title":"Clinical psychology: reinforcing inequalities or facilitating empowerment?","volume":"7","author":"Patel","year":"2003","journal-title":"The International Journal of Human Rights"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0093|cit93","first-page":"218","article-title":"Speaking with the silent: addressing issues of disempowerment when working with refugee people","volume-title":"Working with interpreters in Mental Health","author":"Patel","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0094|cit94","article-title":"Psychological approach to rape as torture","volume-title":"Rape as Torture","author":"Patel","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0095|cit95","article-title":"Torture, psychology and the 'war on terror': a human rights framework","volume-title":"Just War: Psychology Terrorism","author":"Patel","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0096|cit96","article-title":"Health Assessments with Survivors of Torture: Good Practice Clinical Guidelines","volume-title":"Health Assessments with Survivors of Torture: Good Clinical Practice Guidelines","author":"Patel","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0097|cit97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230342507_18","article-title":"The psychologisation of torture","volume-title":"De-Medicalising Misery: Psychiatry, Psychology and the Human Condition","author":"Patel","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0098|cit98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/09638239917427","article-title":"The medicalisation of misery: a critical realist analysis of the concept of depression","volume":"8","author":"Pilgrim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0099|cit99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.5.602","article-title":"Predisplacement and postdisplacement factors associated with mental health of refugees and internally displaced persons: a meta-analysis","volume":"294","author":"Porter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"2-3, Thematic i","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0100|cit100","first-page":"1","article-title":"Politically-motivated torture and its survivors: a desk study review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Quiroga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Torture: Journal on Rehabilitation of Torture Victims and Prevention of Torture"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0101|cit101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230342507","volume-title":"De-medicalizing Misery: Psychiatry, Psychology and the Human Condition","author":"Rapley","year":"2011"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0102|cit102","first-page":"1","article-title":"Medical aspects of torture","volume":"37","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Danish Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0103|cit103","first-page":"122","article-title":"Applying theoretical frameworks to the work with interpreters","volume-title":"Working with Interpreters in Mental Health","author":"Raval","year":"2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0104|cit104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1080\/00207411.2003.11449582","article-title":"Therapists' experiences of working with language interpreters","volume":"32","author":"Raval","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0105|cit105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199904000-00002","article-title":"The psychosocial effects of torture, mass human rights violations, and refugee trauma: toward an integrated conceptual framework","volume":"187","author":"Silove","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0106|cit106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2010.01434.x","article-title":"Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: a clear and user-friendly guideline","volume":"17","author":"Sousa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0107|cit107","first-page":"537","article-title":"Association of torture and other potentially traumatic events with mental health outcomes among populations exposed to mass conflict and displacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"302","author":"Steel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Academy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0108|cit108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7278.95","article-title":"The invention of post traumatic stress disorder and the social usefulness of a psychiatric category","volume":"322","author":"Summerfield","year":"2001","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0109|cit109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1177\/0038038597031003016","article-title":"Watch your tongue: issues in translation and cross-cultural research","volume":"31","author":"Temple","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sociology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0110|cit110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/160940690200100201","article-title":"Interpreters\/translators and cross-language research: reflexivity and border crossings","volume":"1","author":"Temple","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Qualitative Methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0111|cit111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(98)00077-4","article-title":"Mental disorder and cross-cultural psychology: a constructivist perspective","volume":"19","author":"Thakker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0112|cit112","unstructured":"UN General Assembly Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Available online: http:\/\/www2.ohchr.org\/english\/law\/pdf\/cat.pdf) 1465 Geneva United Nations, Treaty Series 85"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0113|cit113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.5.475","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders among tortured Bhutanese refugees in Nepal","volume":"58","author":"Ommeren","year":"2001","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0114|cit114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vara R Patel N Working with interpreters in qualitative psychological research: methodological and ethical issues Qualitative Research in Psychology. 2012 75 87","DOI":"10.1080\/14780887.2012.630830"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0115|cit115","first-page":"88","article-title":"Treatment of torture survivors\u2014influences of the exile situation on the course of traumatic process and therapeutic possibilities","volume":"17","author":"Wenk-Ansohn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Torture"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0116|cit116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-010-9417-6","article-title":"The use of community-based interventions in reducing morbidity from the psychological impact of conflict-related trauma among refugee populations: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"Williams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0117|cit117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463713483596","article-title":"The psychological impact of torture","volume":"7","author":"Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"British Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2-BIB0118|cit118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.06.018","article-title":"A scale for rating the quality of psychological trials for pain","volume":"117","author":"Yates","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T04:48:33Z","timestamp":1713502113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD009317.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,11]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd009317.pub2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,11]]}}}