{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T03:30:01Z","timestamp":1768879801842,"version":"3.49.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd009332.pub2","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,22]],"date-time":"2018-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537574400000}}],"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd009332.pub3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T12:26:42Z","timestamp":1537792002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Intramuscular versus intravenous prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Olufemi T","family":"Oladapo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization; UNDP\/UNFPA\/UNICEF\/WHO\/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research; Avenue Appia 20 Geneva Switzerland CH-1211"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babasola O","family":"Okusanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba; Experimental and Maternal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Lagos Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgardo","family":"Abalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales (CREP); Moreno 878, 6th floor Rosario Santa Fe Argentina S2000DKR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0002|cit1","unstructured":"Dagdeviren H Intramuscular versus intravenous prophylactic oxytocin for hemorrhage after vaginal delivery (oxytocin) clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02080104"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0001|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-016-4060-7","article-title":"Intramuscular versus intravenous prophylactic oxytocin for postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery: a randomized controlled study","volume":"294","author":"Dagdeviren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0003|cit3","unstructured":"NCT01954186 When and how to administer oxytocin for active management of third stage of labour clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT01954186"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.05.022","article-title":"Prospective randomized trial of oxytocin administration for active management of the third stage of labor","volume":"127","author":"Oguz Orhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0005|cit5","unstructured":"ACTRN12612000624886 A randomised controlled trial of intravenous versus intramuscular oxytocin in the management of third stage of labor anzctr.org.au\/Trial\/Registration\/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12612000624886"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0006|cit6","first-page":"354","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of intravenous versus intramuscular oxytocin in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage during the third stage of labor","volume":"24","author":"Sangkomkamhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Health Science"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(12)60634-1","article-title":"Does the effect of oxytocin prophylaxis on post-partum blood loss depend on route of administration?","volume":"119","author":"Durocher","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0008|cit8","unstructured":"Sheldon W Gynuity Health Projects: assessing effectiveness of the AMTSL components Personal communication July 2011"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0009|cit9","unstructured":"ACTRN12617000176369 Correlative assessment of prophylactic oxytocin pharmacokinetics (PK) to maternal body mass index (BMI) following intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration, for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage, at elective caesarean section. An open label, prospective, exploratory, randomised controlled trial www.anzctr.org.au\/Trial\/Registration\/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12617000176369"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0010|cit10","unstructured":"NCT02319707 Management of the third stage of labor clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02319707"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0011|cit11","first-page":"306","article-title":"Active management of the third stage of labor: three schemes of oxytocin: randomised clinical trial","volume":"84","author":"Neri-Mejia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ginecologia y Obstetricia De Mexico"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0012|cit12","first-page":"S197-S198, Abst","article-title":"The effect of post-partum oxytocin regimen on hemoglobin decline-a randomized controlled trial","volume":"214","author":"Ashwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(12)60637-7","article-title":"Route of administration of oxytocin in prevention of postpartum hemorrhage","volume":"119","author":"Dzuba","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0014|cit14","unstructured":"ISRCTN14718882 A study to compare the effectiveness of intravenous oxytocin with intramuscular oxytocin given at the third stage of labour at preventing bleeding at vaginal birth isrctn.com\/ISRCTN14718882"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0015|cit15","unstructured":"NCT00200252 Intramuscular versus intravascular oxytocin for the third stage of labour clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/record\/NCT00200252"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0016|cit16","unstructured":"NCT01608958 Intravenous and intramuscular administration of oxytocin in the third stage of labor for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01608958"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0017|cit17","unstructured":"NCT01914419 Administration of oxytocin via intramuscular injection and intravenous bolus or intravenous infusion in the third stage of labor for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT01914419"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0018|cit18","unstructured":"NCT02954068 Intravenous versus intramuscular administration of oxytocin and its relationship with postpartum bleeding and other clinical signs: a randomized placebo-controlled study clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT02954068"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007412","article-title":"Active versus expectant management for women in the third stage of labour","author":"Begley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"9710","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61923-1","article-title":"Treatment of post-partum haemorrhage with sublingual misoprostol versus oxytocin in women receiving prophylactic oxytocin: a double-blind, randomised, non-inferiority trial","volume":"375","author":"Blum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2003.30435.x","article-title":"Effect of the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths on the use of syntocinon at caesarean section in the UK","volume":"58","author":"Bolton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0022|cit22","first-page":"256","article-title":"Standard medical therapy","volume-title":"A Textbook of Postpartum Haemorrhage","author":"Breathnach","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999-1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.08.004","article-title":"Epidemiology of postpartum haemorrhage: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Carroli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2004.06.005","article-title":"QT interval prolongation after oxytocin bolus during surgical induced abortion","volume":"76","author":"Charbit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0025|cit25","first-page":"369","article-title":"Confidential enquiries into maternal deaths, 1997-1999","volume":"89","author":"Cooper","year":"2002","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0040427","article-title":"The action of extracts of the pituitary body","volume":"4","author":"Dale","year":"1909","journal-title":"Biochemistry Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000148264.20909.bb","article-title":"Maternal hemodynamics after oxytocin bolus compared with infusion in the third stage of labor: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"105","author":"Davies","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0028|cit28","unstructured":"Deeks JJ Higgins JPT Altman DG (editors) on behalf ofthe Cochrane Statistical Methods Group Chapter 9: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Higgins JPT, Churchill R, Chandler J, Cumpston MS (editors), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 5.2.0 (updated June 2017), Cochrane, 2017 Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4879","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01115a553","article-title":"The synthesis of an octapeptide amide with the hormonal activity of oxytocin","volume":"75","author":"Du Vigneaud","year":"1954","journal-title":"Journal of the American Chemical Society"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0030|cit30","unstructured":"McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime) GRADEpro GDT 2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(70)90542-9","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of oxytocic drugs used post partum","volume":"108","author":"Hendricks","year":"1970","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0033|cit33","unstructured":"Higgins JPT Altman DG Sterne JAC (editors) Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JPT, Churchill R, Chandler J, Cumpston MS (editors), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 5.2.0 (updated June 2017), Cochrane, 2017 Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0034|cit34","unstructured":"International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) and International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Management of the third stage of labour to prevent post-partum haemorrhage. Joint statement www.accesstohealth.org\/toolres\/amtslweb\/resources\/FIGO_ICM_Joint_Statement.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2011.60.4.290","article-title":"Severe hypotension and water intoxication developed after an accidental oxytocin overdose in a morbidly obese patient undergoing cesarean section-A case report","volume":"60","author":"In","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066-74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68397-9","article-title":"WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review","volume":"367","author":"Khan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep137","article-title":"Haemodynamic effects of repeated doses of oxytocin during caesarean delivery in healthy parturients","volume":"103","author":"Langesaeter","year":"2009","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2004.09.016","article-title":"Reducing postpartum haemorrhage in Africa","volume":"88","author":"Lazarus","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0039|cit39","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) www.nice.org.uk"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13450","article-title":"When getting there is not enough: a nationwide cross-sectional study of 998 maternal deaths and 1451 near-misses in public tertiary hospitals in a low-income country","volume":"123","author":"Oladapo","year":"2016","journal-title":"BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1054\/ijoa.2002.0970","article-title":"Haemodynamic changes caused by oxytocin during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia","volume":"11","author":"Pinder","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000007","article-title":"Active versus expectant management in the third stage of labour","author":"Prendiville","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0043|cit43","unstructured":"Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5) 2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3109\/00016347809155884","article-title":"Haemodynamic effects of oxytocin (syntocinon) and methyl ergometrine (methergin) on the systemic and pulmonary circulations of pregnant anaesthetized women","volume":"57","author":"Secher","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463-9","DOI":"10.1080\/0144361021000003555","article-title":"Primary postpartum haemorrhage","volume":"22","author":"Selo-Ojeme","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006173.pub2","article-title":"Timing of prophylactic uterotonics for the third stage of labour after vaginal birth","author":"Soltani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722-3","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2002.270920.x","article-title":"Oxytocin during caesarean section","volume":"57","author":"Spence","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0048|cit48","unstructured":"Sterne JAC Egger M Moher D Boutron I (editors) Chapter 10: Addressing reporting biases. In: Higgins JPT, Churchill R, Chandler J, Cumpston MS (editors), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 5.2.0 (updated June 2017), Cochrane, 2017 Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2005.00579.x","article-title":"Postpartum hemorrhage: a prospective, comparative study in Angola using a new disposable device for oxytocin administration","volume":"84","author":"Strand","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005457.pub4","article-title":"Carbetocin for preventing postpartum haemorrhage","author":"Su","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen071","article-title":"Signs of myocardial ischaemia after injection of oxytocin: a randomized double-blind comparison of oxytocin and methylergometrine during caesarean section","volume":"100","author":"Svanstr\u00f6m","year":"2008","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael302","article-title":"Haemodynamic effects of oxytocin given as i.v. bolus or infusion on women undergoing caesarean section","volume":"98","author":"Thomas","year":"2007","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(03)00186-3","article-title":"Oxytocin in prefilled Uniject injection devices for managing third-stage labor in Indonesia","volume":"83","author":"Tsu","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2007.10.010","article-title":"Does a novel prefilled injection device make postpartum oxytocin easier to administer? Results from midwives in Vietnam","volume":"25","author":"Tsu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0055|cit55","first-page":"211","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of oxytocin","volume":"46","author":"Weis","year":"1975","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001808","article-title":"Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage","author":"Westhoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0057|cit57","volume-title":"WHO recommendations for the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0058|cit58","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) Trends in maternal mortality:1990 to 2015: estimates by WHO,UNICEF,UNFPA, World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division www.who.int\/reproductivehealth\/publications"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0059|cit59","volume-title":"Managing Complications in Pregnancy and Childbirth: a Guide for Midwives and Doctors","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub2","article-title":"Intramuscular versus intravenous prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour","author":"Oladapo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd009332.pub4","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604966400000}}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/cdsr\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3\/epdf\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T22:31:31Z","timestamp":1628548291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub3"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,22]]},"references-count":60,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd009332.pub3","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009332.pub4","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,22]]}}}