{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:23:20Z","timestamp":1790663000503,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd009400","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,20]],"date-time":"2014-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390176000000}}],"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd009400.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,20]],"date-time":"2014-01-20T09:40:54Z","timestamp":1390210854000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Helminth therapy (worms) for induction of remission in inflammatory bowel disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Sushil K","family":"Garg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota; Department of Surgery; 420 Delaware Street SE Mayo Mail Code 195 Minneapolis MN USA 55455"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley M","family":"Croft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Defence; Surgeon General's Department; London UK SW1A 2HA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Bager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statens Serum Institut; Department of Epidemiology Research; \u00d8restads Boulevard 5 Copenhagen Denmark DK-2300"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12366","article-title":"Randomised clinical trial: the safety and tolerability of Trichuris suis ova in patients with Crohn's disease","volume":"38","author":"Sandborn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.01.005","article-title":"Trichuris suis therapy for active ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"128","author":"Summers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.079129","article-title":"A proof of concept study establishing Necator americanus in Crohn's patients and reservoir donors","volume":"55","author":"Croese","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07660.x","article-title":"Trichuris suis seems to be safe and possibly effective in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"98","author":"Summers","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.041749","article-title":"Trichuris suis therapy in Crohn's disease","volume":"54","author":"Summers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","unstructured":"NCT01279577 Trichuris\u00a0suis ova (TSO) suspension versus placebo in active Crohn's disease (TRUST-2) http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01279577"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","unstructured":"NCT01434693 Safety and tolerability of single doses oral CNDO 201\u00a0Trichuris\u00a0suis ova in patients with Crohn's disease http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01434693"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003574.pub2","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody for induction of remission in Crohn\u2019s disease","author":"Akobeng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.08.006","article-title":"Trichuris suis ova therapy for allergic rhinitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"125","author":"Bager","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Symptoms after ingestion of pig whipworm Trichuris suis eggs in a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Bager","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006893","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease","author":"Behm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006792.pub2","article-title":"Traditional corticosteroids for induction of remission in Crohn's disease","author":"Benchimol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.09-0237","article-title":"Immunologic profiles of persons recruited for a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of hookworm infection","volume":"81","author":"Blount","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10182","article-title":"Chronic immune activation associated with intestinal helminth infections results in impaired signal transduction and anergy","volume":"106","author":"Borkow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19991015)18:19<2593::AID-SIM392>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Examining the minimum important difference","volume":"18","author":"Brant","year":"1999","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006618.pub2","article-title":"Methotrexate for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis","author":"ChandeN","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000545.pub4","article-title":"Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease","author":"Chande","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009238.pub2","article-title":"Helminth therapy (worms) for allergic rhinitis","author":"Croft","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017366","article-title":"Effect of hookworm infection on wheat challenge in celiac disease \u2013 a randomised double-blind placebo controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Daveson","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","article-title":"Chapter 9: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011)","author":"Deeks","year":"2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","first-page":"G480","article-title":"Tapeworm infection decreases intestinal transit and enteric aerobic bacterial populations","volume":"273","author":"Dwinell","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.99-0885hyp","article-title":"Does the failure to acquire helminthic parasites predispose to Crohn's disease?","volume":"14","author":"Elliott","year":"2000","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G385","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00049.2002","article-title":"Exposure to schistosome eggs protects mice from TNBS-induced colitis","volume":"284","author":"Elliott","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.12.009","article-title":"Helminths as governors of immune-mediated inflammation","volume":"37","author":"Elliott","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.4.2414","article-title":"Colonization with Heligmosomoides polygyrus suppresses mucosal IL-17 production","volume":"181","author":"Elliott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000543.pub3","article-title":"Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis","author":"Feagan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000544.pub3","article-title":"Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis","author":"Feagan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2009.03187.x","article-title":"Safety of hookworm infection in individuals with measurable airway responsiveness: a randomized placebo-controlled feasibility study","volume":"39","author":"Feary","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Allergy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2009.03433.x","article-title":"Experimental hookworm infection: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in asthma","volume":"40","author":"Feary","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Allergy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","article-title":"Infectious diseases, tropical medicine and sexually transmitted infection","volume-title":"Kumar and Clark\u2019s Clinical Medicine","author":"Finch","year":"2009"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3184","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000941","article-title":"Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection can inhibit colitis through direct interaction with innate immunity","volume":"185","author":"Hang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"7414","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","article-title":"Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011)","author":"Higgins","year":"2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","article-title":"Chapter 16: Special topics in statistics","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011)","author":"Higgins","year":"2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7368","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.7368","article-title":"Neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibody blocks the protective effect of tapeworm infection in a murine model of chemically induced colitis","volume":"174","author":"Hunter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838956","article-title":"Role of T cell TGF-beta signaling in intestinal cytokine responses and helminthic immune modulation","volume":"39","author":"Ince","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.3.1628","article-title":"Intestinal helminths protect in a murine model of asthma","volume":"177","author":"Kitagaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005112.pub2","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor alpha blocking agents for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis","author":"Lawson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","article-title":"Chapter 6: Searching for studies","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011)","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008870","article-title":"Aminosalicylates for induction of remission or response in Crohn's disease","author":"Lim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6346","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.10.6346","article-title":"Helminth infection protects mice from anaphylaxis via IL-10-producing B cells","volume":"173","author":"Mangan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004115.pub2","article-title":"Rectal 5-aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis","author":"Marshall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003459.pub3","article-title":"Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory Crohn's disease","author":"McDonald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(90)90003-U","article-title":"Hymenolepis diminuta: intestinal goblet cell response to infection in male C57 mice","volume":"71","author":"McKay","year":"1990","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","article-title":"Principles and general considerations","volume-title":"Tropical Infectious Diseases \u2013 Principles, Pathogens and Practice","author":"Olano","year":"2006"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020831","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"347","author":"Podolsky","year":"2002","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000067.pub2","article-title":"Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease","author":"Prefontaine","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","unstructured":"The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager (RevMan) 2012"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050516","article-title":"Infliximab for induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis","volume":"353","author":"Rutgeerts","year":"2005","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/173.1.269","article-title":"Impairment of tetanus toxoid-specific Th1-like immune responses in humans infected with Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"173","author":"Sabin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4265","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.6.4265","article-title":"A helminth immunomodulator reduces allergic and inflammatory response by induction of IL-10-producing macrophages","volume":"180","author":"Schnoeller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","article-title":"Chapter 12: Interpreting results and drawing conclusions","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011)","author":"Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000296.pub3","article-title":"Budesonide for induction of remission in Crohn's disease","author":"Seow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4557","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.7.4557","article-title":"Infection with a helminth parasite prevents experimental colitis via a macrophage-mediated mechanism","volume":"178","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0056|cit56","article-title":"Helminthic infections","volume-title":"Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases","author":"Strickland","year":"1999"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000478.pub3","article-title":"Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis","author":"Timmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939699","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in human geohelminth infection suppress immune responses to BCG and Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"40","author":"Wammes","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0059|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2012.718","article-title":"Meta-analysis of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2-BIB0060|cit60","article-title":"Intestinal nematodes","volume-title":"Harrison\u2019s Principles of Internal Medicine","author":"Weller","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T09:47:12Z","timestamp":1704448032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD009400.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane IBD Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,20]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd009400.pub2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,20]]}}}