{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T02:22:56Z","timestamp":1782786176748,"version":"3.54.5"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd010726","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470268800000}}],"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd010726.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T03:29:31Z","timestamp":1470281371000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Nitrates for the prevention of cardiac morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Na","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University; Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing China"},{"name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing China 100730"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Emergency Department; No.1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District Beijing China 100730"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balwinder","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences; 1919 Elm Street N Fargo North Dakota USA 58103"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuerong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing China 100730"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taixiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, Chinese Ethics Committee of Registering Clinical Trials; No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang Chengdu Sichuan China 610041"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuguang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing China 100730"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","first-page":"241","article-title":"The effect of controlled hypotension with perdipine in sinonasal microsurgery","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhong Guo Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199304000-00005","article-title":"Prophylactic nitroglycerin infusion during noncardiac surgery does not reduce perioperative ischemia","volume":"76","author":"Dodds","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egja.2011.01.001","article-title":"Transdermal nitroglycerine potentiates the analgesic effect of patient controlled epidural analgesia after lower abdominal surgery","volume":"27","author":"Elgohary","year":"2011","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","first-page":"353","article-title":"Initial study to assess the effects of topical glyceryl trinitrate for pain after haemorrhoidectomy","volume":"2","author":"Elton","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Surgical Investigation"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","first-page":"25","article-title":"Effect of nitroglycerin on cardiac troponin I in coronary heart disease patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery","volume":"33","author":"Fang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Central Plains Medical Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-012-1544-1","article-title":"Role of 0.4% glyceryl trinitrate ointment after haemorrhoidectomy: results of a prospective randomised study","volume":"28","author":"Franceschilli","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Colorectal Disease"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1003800210","article-title":"The effect of transdermal nitroglycerine on intrathecal fentanyl with bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia following gynaecological surgery","volume":"38","author":"Garg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.5505\/tjtes.2011.30643","article-title":"The analgesic effect of three different doses of nitroglycerine when added to lidocaine for intravenous regional anesthesia in trauma patients","volume":"17","author":"Honarmand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","first-page":"548","article-title":"The effect of controlled hypotension with nitroglycerin or esmolol during sinonasal microsurgery","volume":"25","author":"Hua","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-6692-0","article-title":"Effect of 0.2 percent glyceryl trinitrate ointment on wound healing after a hemorrhoidectomy: results of a randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"Hwang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diseases of the Colon and Rectum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/86.3.332","article-title":"Dose-dependent prophylactic effect of nicorandil, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, on intra-operative myocardial ischaemia in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery","volume":"86","author":"Kaneko","year":"2001","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e31819c98a7","article-title":"The effect of glyceryl trinitrate ointment on posthemorrhoidectomy pain and wound healing: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"52","author":"Karanlik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diseases of the Colon and Rectum"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","first-page":"119","article-title":"Is transdermal nitroglycerin application effective in preventing and healing flap ischaemia after modified radical mastectomy","volume":"48","author":"Kutun","year":"2010","journal-title":"South African Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199903000-00015","article-title":"Transdermal nitroglycerine enhances spinal sufentanil postoperative analgesia following orthopedic surgery","volume":"90","author":"Lauretti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200010000-00011","article-title":"Transdermal nitroglycerine enhances spinal neostigmine postoperative analgesia following gynecological surgery","volume":"93","author":"Lauretti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-8180(01)00333-6","article-title":"The effect of transdermal nitroglycerin on spinal S(+)-ketamine antinociception following orthopedic surgery","volume":"13","author":"Lauretti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Anesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/817837","article-title":"Transdermal nitroglycerin as an adjuvant to patient-controlled morphine analgesia after total knee arthroplasty","volume":"14","author":"Orbach-Zinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain Research and Management"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-006-0677-0","article-title":"Botulinum toxin vs. topical glyceryl trinitrate ointment for pain control in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy: a randomized trial","volume":"49","author":"Patti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diseases of the Colon and Rectum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-8180(88)90027-X","article-title":"Comparison of intravenous nitroprusside, nitroprusside-captopril, and nitroglycerin for deliberate hypotension during posterior spine fusion in adults","volume":"1","author":"Porter","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Anesthesia"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","first-page":"14","article-title":"Controlled hypotension in total hip arthroplasty","volume":"17","author":"Qian","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Traditional Chinese Orthopedics and Traumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000195581.74190.48","article-title":"The analgesic effect of nitroglycerin added to lidocaine on intravenous regional anesthesia","volume":"102","author":"Sen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-8180(94)00013-T","article-title":"Comparative effects of lidocaine, esmolol, and nitroglycerin in modifying the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Anesthesia"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5483","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of 0.2 per cent glyceryl trinitrate ointment for wound healing and pain reduction after open diathermy haemorrhoidectomy","volume":"93","author":"Tan","year":"2006","journal-title":"British Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/1053-0770(93)90004-5","article-title":"Blood pressure management during aortic surgery: urapidil compared to isosorbide dinitrate","volume":"7","author":"Hemelrijck","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","first-page":"117","article-title":"Effect of nitroglycerin plus fentanyl on cardiovascular responses during tracheal intubation","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of ChangZhi Medical College"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","first-page":"151","article-title":"Effect of esmolol and isosorbide dinitrate on cardiovascular response during tracheal extubation","volume":"5","author":"Zhong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lingnan Modern Clinics in Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","first-page":"169","article-title":"Controlled hypotension in sinonasal microsurgery","volume":"26","author":"Zhou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Soochow University (Medical Science Edition)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","first-page":"199","article-title":"Comparison of antihypertensive effects of nicardipine with nitroglycerin for perioperative hypertension","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Sinica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","first-page":"73","article-title":"Effect of controlled hypotension in sinonasal microsurgery under general anaesthesia","volume":"29","author":"Luo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001237","article-title":"Effects of nitroglycerin ointment on mastectomy flap necrosis in immediate breast reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"135","author":"Gdalevitch","year":"2015 Jun","journal-title":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","first-page":"253","article-title":"Improve healing in open haemorrhoidectomy with 0.2% GTN","volume":"9","author":"Saeed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02234622","article-title":"Randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of effect of nitroglycerin ointment on pain after haemorrhoidectomy","volume":"44","author":"Wasvary","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diseases of the Colon & Rectum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","first-page":"74","article-title":"Controlled hypotension with nitroglycerin plus sevoflurane in elderly patients during oral and maxillofacial tumour surgery","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198734030-00005","article-title":"Glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) and the organic nitrates. Choosing the method of administration","volume":"34","author":"Abrams","year":"1987","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30B","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90592-M","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of the organic nitrates in the treatment of myocardial ischemia","volume":"70","author":"Abrams","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","first-page":"685","article-title":"ACC\/AHA 2007 guidelines on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and care for noncardiac surgery: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"106","author":"American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery)","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01140-2","article-title":"Nitroglycerin withdrawal increases endothelium-dependent vasomotor response to acetylcholine","volume":"37","author":"Azevedo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00877414","article-title":"Coronary vasomotor responses: role of endothelium and nitrovasodilator","volume":"8","author":"Bassenge","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(76)80044-0","article-title":"Effects of isosorbide dinitrate and nitroglycerin on central circulatory dynamics in coronary artery disease","volume":"92","author":"Battock","year":"1976","journal-title":"American Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","first-page":"125","article-title":"Organic nitrates in angina pectoris","volume":"196 Suppl","author":"Bogaert","year":"1972","journal-title":"Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000113","article-title":"Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery: a large, international, prospective cohort study establishing diagnostic criteria, characteristics, predictors, and 30-day outcomes","volume":"120","author":"Botto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2291","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)51392-1","article-title":"On the use of nitrite of amyl in angina pectoris","volume":"90","author":"Brunton","year":"1867","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3109\/14017439709075950","article-title":"Effect of nitroglycerin in patients with increased pulmonary vascular resistance undergoing cardiac transplantation","volume":"31","author":"Bundgaard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119883","article-title":"Nitric oxide, atrial natriuretic peptide, and cyclic GMP inhibit the growth-promoting effects of norepinephrine in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts","volume":"101","author":"Calderone","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","first-page":"2","article-title":"Intraoperative coronary spasm in non-cardiac surgery","volume":"53","author":"Chang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Masui"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","article-title":"A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales","volume":"20","author":"Cohen","year":"1960","journal-title":"Educational and Psychological Measurement"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)91130-X","article-title":"Effects of nitroglycerin at therapeutic doses on platelet aggregation in unstable angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction","volume":"66","author":"Diodati","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"7121","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7121.1533","article-title":"Meta-analysis: principles and procedures","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197807000-00006","article-title":"Nitroglycerin as a hypotensive drug during general anesthesia","volume":"49","author":"Fahmy","year":"1978","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp002842","article-title":"Clinical practice. Lowering cardiac risk in noncardiac surgery","volume":"345","author":"Fleisher","year":"2001","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.07.944","article-title":"2014 ACC\/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery","volume":"64","author":"Fleisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1177\/000331976101200901","article-title":"The actions of organic nitrates on the cardiopulmonary and peripheral circulations","volume":"12","author":"Fremont","year":"1961","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4B","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90588-P","article-title":"Biochemical mechanism of organic nitrate action","volume":"70","author":"Fung","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114081","article-title":"Nitric oxide-generating vasodilators and 8-bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate inhibit mitogenesis and proliferation of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"83","author":"Garg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-5-200009050-00011","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of cardiac risk indices for patients undergoing noncardiac surgery","volume":"133","author":"Gilbert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0056|cit56","unstructured":"[Computer program on www.gradepro.org]. McMaster University GRADEprofiler (GRADEpro) 2014"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995-8","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39490.551019.BE","article-title":"What is \"quality of evidence\" and why is it important to clinicians","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0059|cit59","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Green S (editors).\u00a0Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions\u00a0Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011] The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"issue":"7-8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.951","article-title":"European Society of Cardiology 2009 guidelines for preoperative cardiac risk assessment and perioperative cardiac management in noncardiac surgery: key messages for clinical practice","volume":"120","author":"Hoeks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Polish Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1161\/hh0102.102330","article-title":"Nitric oxide donors and cardiovascular agents modulating the bioactivity of nitric oxide: an overview","volume":"90","author":"Ignarro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-88-0009","article-title":"Guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management for noncardiac surgery (JCS 2008) - digest version","volume":"75","author":"JCS Joint Working Group","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0063|cit63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34-42","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-50-1-34","article-title":"Effects of sublingual nitroglycerin on pulmonary arterial pressure in patients with left ventricular failure","volume":"50","author":"Johnson","year":"1959","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0064|cit64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1053\/ejvs.2002.1851","article-title":"An appraisal of different cardiac risk reduction strategies in vascular surgery patients","volume":"25","author":"Kakisis","year":"2003","journal-title":"The European\u00a0Journal of Vascular and\u00a0Endovascular Surgery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0065|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197607000-00004","article-title":"Nitroglycerin infusion during coronary-artery surgery","volume":"45","author":"Kaplan","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0066|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu282","article-title":"2014 ESC\/ESA Guidelines on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management: The Joint Task Force on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA)","volume":"35","author":"Kristensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18B","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90590-U","article-title":"Antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of organic nitrates","volume":"70","author":"Loscalzo","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0068|cit68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199001000-00025","article-title":"Perioperative cardiac morbidity","volume":"72","author":"Mangano","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199012273232601","article-title":"Association of perioperative myocardial ischemia with cardiac morbidity and mortality in men undergoing noncardiac surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group","volume":"323","author":"Mangano","year":"1990","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0070|cit70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(91)90863-5","article-title":"Perioperative myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: incidence and severity during the 4-day perioperative period","volume":"17","author":"Mangano","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0071|cit71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512283332607","article-title":"Preoperative assessment of patients with known or suspected coronary disease","volume":"333","author":"Mangano","year":"1995","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-014-0131-z","article-title":"Clevidipine compared with nitroglycerin for blood pressure control in coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized double-blind study","volume":"61","author":"Merry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Anesthesia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00193.x","article-title":"Understanding organic nitrates - a vein hope?","volume":"157","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07492-2","article-title":"Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"349","author":"Murray","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2891","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)42573-1","article-title":"Nitro-glycerine as a remedy for angina pectoris","volume":"113","author":"Murrell","year":"1879","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0b013e3181c8e14a","article-title":"Nitrates\u00a0and nitrites in the treatment of ischemic cardiac disease","volume":"18","author":"Nossaman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiology in Review"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.36.020185.003023","article-title":"Vasodilator therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"26","author":"Palevsky","year":"1985","journal-title":"Annual Review of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0078|cit78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38C","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00187-7","article-title":"Organic nitrates: new formulations and their clinical advantages","volume":"77","author":"Parker","year":"1966","journal-title":"American Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0079|cit79","first-page":"295","article-title":"Relative effects of nitroglycerin and nitroprusside during experimental acute myocardial ischemia","volume":"11","author":"Pearlman","year":"1980","journal-title":"European Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00268-4","article-title":"Effects of intermittent transdermal nitroglycerin on occurrence of ischemia after patch removal: results of the second transdermal intermittent dosing evaluation study (TIDES-II)","volume":"30","author":"Pepine","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0081|cit81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198706000-00018","article-title":"Successful use of nitroglycerin to treat postoperative pulmonary hypertension","volume":"15","author":"Rasch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0082|cit82","unstructured":"The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager (RevMan) 2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000074795.68061.16","article-title":"Pharmacologic myocardial protection in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a quantitative systematic review","volume":"97","author":"Stevens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0084|cit84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200219060-00003","article-title":"Issues in the perioperative management of the elderly patient with cardiovascular disease","volume":"19","author":"Sear","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drugs and Aging"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0085|cit85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01417564","article-title":"Nitrates: why and how should they be used today? Current status of the clinical usefulness of nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate and isosorbide-5-mononitrate","volume":"38 Suppl 1","author":"Silber","year":"1990","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0086|cit86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000074795.68061.16","article-title":"Pharmacologic myocardial protection in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a quantitative systematic review","volume":"97","author":"Stevens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0087|cit87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198410000-00005","article-title":"Failure of intravenous nitroglycerin to prevent intraoperative myocardial ischemia during fentanyl-pancuronium anesthesia","volume":"61","author":"Thomson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0088|cit88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00877117","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of nitrates","volume":"8","author":"Torfgard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0089|cit89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.62.571","article-title":"Efficacy and rebound phenomenon related to intermittent nitroglycerin therapy for the prevention of nitrate tolerance","volume":"62","author":"Watanabe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Japanese Circulation Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0090|cit90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.21.2616","article-title":"The global burden of chronic diseases: overcoming impediments to prevention and control","volume":"291","author":"Yach","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0091|cit91","first-page":"673","article-title":"Multicenter study of cardiac events and anesthetic management of patients with ischemic heart diseases undergoing noncardiac surgery","volume":"49","author":"Yamada","year":"2000","journal-title":"Masui"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0092|cit92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1053\/jcan.2000.9445","article-title":"Prophylactic nitroglycerin did not reduce myocardial ischemia during accelerated recovery management of coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients","volume":"14","author":"Zvara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2-BIB0093|cit93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010726","article-title":"Nitrates for the prevention of cardiac morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cochranelibrary.com\/cdsr\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2\/epdf\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T12:19:15Z","timestamp":1749039555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD010726.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Anaesthesia Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd010726.pub2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]]}}}