{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:10:36Z","timestamp":1776723036110,"version":"3.51.2"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd011352","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]],"date-time":"2016-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468454400000}}],"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Wiley","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd011352.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]],"date-time":"2016-07-15T14:20:05Z","timestamp":1468592405000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Wuytack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity College Dublin; School of Nursing and Midwifery; D'Olier Street Dublin Ireland 2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity College Dublin; School of Nursing and Midwifery; D'Olier Street Dublin Ireland 2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian J","family":"Cleary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rotunda Hospital; Department of Pharmacy; Dublin 1 Ireland"},{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; School of Pharmacy; Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S0750-7658(05)80316-8","article-title":"Analgesic effect of ibuprofen in pain after episiotomy","volume":"11","author":"Behotas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annales Francaises d Anesthesie et de Reanimation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","first-page":"515","article-title":"Comparative analgesic efficacy of chlorphenesin carbamate and acetylsalicylic acid after episiotomy","volume":"46","author":"Bloomfield","year":"1967","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1974156565","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of ibuprofen and aspirin in episiotomy pain","volume":"15","author":"Bloomfield","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1185\/03007998009109497","article-title":"A controlled comparison of dipyrone and paracetamol in post-episiotomy pain","volume":"6","author":"Daftary","year":"1980","journal-title":"Current Medical Research and Opinion"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1185\/03007997809108998","article-title":"A double-blind comparison of diflunisal and aspirin in the treatment of post-operative pain after episiotomy","volume":"5","author":"Vroey","year":"1978","journal-title":"Current Medical Research and Opinion"},{"issue":"Suppl A","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","first-page":"30","article-title":"The treatment of postoperative pain with a single dose of diflunisal","volume":"1","author":"Vroey","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clinical Therapeutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","first-page":"100","article-title":"A comparison of etodolac (Ultradol) with aspirin and placebo in patients with episiotomy pain","volume":"33","author":"Friedrich","year":"1983","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","first-page":"585","article-title":"Comparison of meclofenamate sodium with codeine and placebo for the treatment of episiotomy pain","volume":"9","author":"Gleason","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clinical Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1986.tb03478.x","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of meclofenamate sodium in episiotomy pain","volume":"6","author":"Hebertson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","first-page":"605","article-title":"Dose-analgesic response study and aceclofenac plasma levels in humans","volume":"47","author":"Honorato","year":"1990","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","first-page":"55","article-title":"Ibuprofen vs propoxyphene hydrochloride and placebo in the relief of postepisiotomy pain","volume":"27","author":"Hopkinson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","first-page":"677","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of indoprofen in postpartum episiotomy pain","volume":"38","author":"Jain","year":"1985","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","first-page":"762","article-title":"A double-blind study of ibuprofen 200 mg in combination with caffeine 100 mg, ibuprofen 400 mg, and placebo in episiotomy pain","volume":"43","author":"Jain","year":"1988","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","first-page":"282","article-title":"Ibuprofen versus acetaminophen for the relief of perineal pain after childbirth: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"91","author":"Kamondetdecha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1981.85","article-title":"Fenoprofen and codeine analgesia (E1 study)","volume":"29","author":"Laska","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","first-page":"771","article-title":"A comparison of the analgesic responses of fenoprofen, codeine, and placebo in postpartum and postoperative pain","volume":"29","author":"Sunshine","year":"1981","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1981.85","article-title":"Fenoprofen and codeine analgesia (E2 study)","volume":"29","author":"Laska","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2007.00808.x","article-title":"Oral celecoxib versus oral diclofenac for post-perineal repair analgesia after spontaneous vaginal birth: a randomised trial","volume":"48","author":"Lim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(83)90089-9","article-title":"Episiotomy pain: efficacy and safety of fluproquazone compared to aspirin and placebo","volume":"21","author":"London","year":"1983","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","first-page":"47","article-title":"Evaluation of the analgesic activity and tolerability of aceclofenac in the treatment of post-episiotomy pain","volume":"15","author":"Movilia","year":"1989","journal-title":"Drugs under Experimental and Clinical Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1185\/03007998009109498","article-title":"A controlled evaluation of orally administered aspirin dipyrone and placebo in patients with post-operative pain","volume":"6","author":"Mukherjee","year":"1980","journal-title":"Current Medical Research and Opinion"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/00045391-199707000-00004","article-title":"Onset and duration of analgesia of diclofenac potassium in the treatment of postepisiotomy pain","volume":"4","author":"Olson","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Therapeutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","first-page":"168","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of liquid ketoprofen compared to liquid dipyrone and placebo administered orally as drops in postepisiotomy pain","volume":"37","author":"Olson","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0025|cit24","first-page":"175","article-title":"Efficacy of ibuprofen 400mg, acetaminophen 1000mg and placebo in post-episiotomy pain","volume":"45","author":"Schachtel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0024|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1989.tb03380.x","article-title":"Ibuprofen and acetaminophen in the relief of postpartum episiotomy pain","volume":"29","author":"Schachtel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9980","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.9980","article-title":"A comparative study on the efficacy of Ibuprofen and celecoxib on the intensity of perineal pain following episiotomy: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Suhrabi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1983.tb03246.x","article-title":"Analgesic effect of graded doses of flurbiprofen in post-episiotomy pain","volume":"3","author":"Sunshine","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1983.162","article-title":"Ibuprofen, zomepirac, aspirin, and placebo in the relief of postepisiotomy pain","volume":"34","author":"Sunshine","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","first-page":"39; Abstract no","article-title":"Comparative study between antrafenine and placebo in patients with pain due to episiotomy [abstract]","volume":"10","author":"Visanto","year":"1980","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","first-page":"171","article-title":"A double-blind placebo-controlled single-dose study comparing antrafenine and placebo in patients with post-episiotomy pain","volume":"29","author":"Wisanto","year":"1981","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","first-page":"578","article-title":"Double-blind comparison of meclofenamate sodium with codeine and placebo for the pain of episiotomy","volume":"9","author":"Yonkeura","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clinical Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","first-page":"491","article-title":"Aceclofenac and paracetamol in episiotomal pain","volume":"7","author":"Yscla","year":"1988","journal-title":"Drugs Under Experimental and Clinical Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","first-page":"301","article-title":"The efficacy of 2% lidocaine gel versus diclofenac suppository in pain reliving after episiotomy","volume":"10","author":"Abedzadeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Koomesh"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2013.828026","article-title":"Paracetamol vs dexketoprofen for perineal pain relief after episiotomy or perineal tear","volume":"34","author":"Akil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","first-page":"112","article-title":"Comparison of diclofenac sodium with indomethacin suppositories for mediolateral episiotomies","volume":"39","author":"Altungul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","first-page":"778","article-title":"A double-blind comparison of placebo, codeine, and fenoprofen in patients with postpartum pain","volume":"29","author":"Bettigole","year":"1981","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","first-page":"34","article-title":"A comparison of four analgesics in post-episiotomy pain","volume":"34","author":"Bhounsule","year":"1990","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1970115747","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of flufenisal, a long-acting analgesic","volume":"11","author":"Bloomfield","year":"1970","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","first-page":"214","article-title":"Nefopam and propoxyphene in episiotomy pain [abstract]","volume":"25","author":"Bloomfield","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1980.70","article-title":"Nefopam and propoxyphene in episiotomy pain","volume":"27","author":"Bloomfield","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","unstructured":"Bloomfield SS The comparative efficacy of Voltaren(R) (diclofenac), naproxen sodium and placebo in the treatment of postepisiotomy pain Personal communication 1991"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","first-page":"76","article-title":"Controlled double-blind evaluation of three analgesic medications for postpartum discomfort","volume":"25","author":"Bruni","year":"1965","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-393X(05)80761-1","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind study of the efficacy and safety of microcapsulated butibufen and naproxen in the treatment of post-episiotomy pain","volume":"55","author":"Bucheli","year":"1994","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1185\/03007997809108999","article-title":"Diflunisal in post-episiotomy pain: a preliminary report of a double-blind comparative study","volume":"5","author":"Buck","year":"1978","journal-title":"Current Medical Research and Opinion"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","first-page":"442","article-title":"A double-blind comparison of the new ibuprofen-codeine phosphate combination, zomepirac, and placebo in the relief of postepisiotomy pain","volume":"7","author":"Cater","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clinical Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","first-page":"Abstract no: A7","article-title":"Naproxen and epidural morphine for perineal pain after forceps delivery [abstract]","volume":"92 Suppl","author":"Choi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","first-page":"484","article-title":"Short-term use of oxyphenbutazone in the postpartum period","volume":"28","author":"Coburn","year":"1966","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","first-page":"E239","article-title":"Pospartum analgesia - What can we do?","volume":"36","author":"Cunha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","unstructured":"Delaram M Comparison of the effects of lidocaine pomade , indomethacin suppository and mefenamic acid on the relief of post episiotomy pain in primiparous women IRCT Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials [accessed 15 March 2014] 2012"},{"issue":"96","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","first-page":"6","article-title":"Comparing the effects of lidocaine cream and mefenamic acid on post episiotomy pain","volume":"17","author":"Delaram","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","first-page":"52","article-title":"Lysine clonixinate vs paracetamol\/codeine in postepisiotomy pain","volume":"48","author":"Santos","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica, Pharmacologica et Therapeutica Latinoamericana"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2005.00758.x","article-title":"Diclofenac pyrrolidine versus ketoprofen for the relief of pain from episiotomy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"84","author":"Facchinetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1177\/009127007101100508","article-title":"Clonixin: a clinical evaluation of a new oral analgesic","volume":"11","author":"Finch","year":"1971","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacology & New Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0054|cit54","first-page":"129","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of a combination of fenoprofen and codeine administered orally","volume":"31","author":"Fragen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0055|cit55","first-page":"240","article-title":"A rationale for studying analgesia. A double blind study in postpartum patients","volume":"13","author":"Gindhart","year":"1971","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-196209000-00007","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of analgesic agents in postpartum patients: oral dextropropoxyphene, codeine and meperidine","volume":"41","author":"Gruber","year":"1962","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"issue":"8-9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1976.tb02415.x","article-title":"Evaluating interactions between fenoprofen and propoxyphene: analgesia and adverse reports by postepisiotomy patients","volume":"16","author":"Gruber","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0058|cit58","first-page":"65","article-title":"A multicenter study for analgesia involving fenoprofen, propoxyphene [alone or in combination] with placebo and aspirin controls in postpartum pain","volume":"10","author":"Gruber","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0059|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1185\/03007998709111106","article-title":"Comparison of two formulations of lignocaine spray with mefenamic acid in the relief of post-episiotomy pain: a placebo-controlled study","volume":"10","author":"Harrison","year":"1987","journal-title":"Current Medical Research and Opinion"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02942121","article-title":"Indomethacin and ethamsylate alone and in combination for the relief of post episiotomy pain","volume":"161","author":"Harrison","year":"1992","journal-title":"Irish Journal of Medical Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0061|cit61","first-page":"356","article-title":"Piroxicam, a novel analgesic in postpartum pain","volume":"1","author":"Jain","year":"1978","journal-title":"European Journal of Rheumatology and Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1984.tb02778.x","article-title":"A double-blind parallel comparison of ketoprofen, codeine, and placebo in patients with moderate to severe postpartum pain","volume":"24","author":"Kantor","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0063|cit63","first-page":"118","article-title":"Relative potency assay comparing zomepirac sodium, propoxyphene napsylate, propoxyphene napsylate with acetaminophen, codeine, and placebo in patients with episiotomy pain","volume":"23","author":"Levin","year":"1978","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0064|cit64","unstructured":"Mazzarella B Mastronardi P Rossi AE Cafiero T Chiefari M Ceccarelli G Controlled clinical evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of flupirtine and ketoprofen in postepisiotomy pain Proceedings of 4th European Congress of Allied Specialists in Maternal and Neonatal Care; 1989 Sept; Bruges, Belgium 1989"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0065|cit65","unstructured":"McCallum KA Trial to assess Ponstan vs placebo, given within an hour of birth, to women who had had epidural and forceps deliveries, as a means of prophylactic analgesia, by measuring time to first postnatal analgesic consumption Personal communication 1991"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0066|cit66","first-page":"929","article-title":"Diflunisal (1000 mg single dose) vs acetaminophen (650 mg) and placebo for the relief of post-episiotomy pain","volume":"34","author":"Melzack","year":"1983","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0067|cit67","first-page":"549","article-title":"A double-blind comparison of a new ibuprofen-codeine phosphate combination, codeine phosphate, and placebo in the relief of postepisiotomy pain","volume":"7","author":"Norman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clinical Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0068|cit68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(88)90196-8","article-title":"Effectiveness of indomethacin (indocid) suppositories as post-episiotomy analgesia","volume":"26","author":"Odigie","year":"1988","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0069|cit69","first-page":"439","article-title":"Dose response to fenoprofen calcium using placebo and codeine as controls","volume":"16","author":"Offen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0070|cit70","first-page":"89","article-title":"A comparative trial of piroxicam and paracetamol after episiotomy wound repair","volume":"41","author":"Ogunbode","year":"1987","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical & Experimental"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0071|cit71","first-page":"65","article-title":"Evaluation of the analgesic effect of fendosal in patients with postpartum uterine cramp or episiotomy pain","volume":"32","author":"Okun","year":"1982","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0072|cit72","first-page":"238","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of suprofen, codeine and placebo","volume":"2 Suppl","author":"Olson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1177\/030006057500300104","article-title":"Double blind trial of the new analgesic and anti inflammatory drug indoprofen in post episiotomic pain","volume":"3","author":"Pedronetto","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of International Medical Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0074|cit74","first-page":"1203","article-title":"Ibuprofen versus acetaminophen with codeine for the relief of perineal pain after childbirth: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"165","author":"Peter","year":"2001","journal-title":"CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0075|cit75","first-page":"717","article-title":"Double-blind study on diclofenac in pain relief after episiotomy","volume":"33","author":"Pitton","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Italica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)36376-1","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory drugs in obstetrics and gynaecology","volume":"81","author":"Radman","year":"1961","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-289X(93)90037-I","article-title":"Efficacy of diclofenac in a single prophylactic dose in post partum pain","volume":"2","author":"Ray","year":"1993","journal-title":"International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0078|cit78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2013.837037","article-title":"A comparative study on relieving post-episiotomy pain with diclofenac and indomethacin suppositories or placebo","volume":"34","author":"Rezaei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0079|cit79","unstructured":"Searles JA Pring DW Improving perineal pain relief 27th British Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; 1995 July 4-7; Dublin, Ireland 1995 Abstract no: 499"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10177.x","article-title":"Effective analgesia following perineal injury during childbirth: a placebo controlled trial of prophylactic rectal diclofenac","volume":"105","author":"Searles","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0081|cit81","first-page":"274","article-title":"Oral analgesic study of nalbuphine hydrochloride, codeine, and placebo in postpartum pain","volume":"31","author":"Sunshine","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0082|cit82","first-page":"154","article-title":"Oral analgesic study of ketoprofen, aspirin and placebo in post-partum pain","volume":"33","author":"Sunshine","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0083|cit83","first-page":"108","article-title":"A study of the analgesic efficacy of nalbuphine hydrochloride in patients with postpartum pain","volume":"33","author":"Sunshine","year":"1983","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0084|cit84","first-page":"232","article-title":"The analgesic efficacy of ibuprofen, codeine and placebo","volume":"37","author":"Sunshine","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0085|cit85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1986.tb02977.x","article-title":"A double-blind, parallel comparison of ketoprofen, aspirin, and placebo in patients with postpartum pain","volume":"26","author":"Sunshine","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0086|cit86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1987.166","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of two ibuprofen-codeine combinations for the treatment of postepisiotomy and postoperative pain","volume":"42","author":"Sunshine","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0087|cit87","first-page":"162","article-title":"Flurbiprofen, flurbiprofen dextrorotatory component (BTS 24332) and placebo in post-episiotomy pain","volume":"41","author":"Sunshine","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0088|cit88","first-page":"174","article-title":"Analgesic adjuvancy of caffeine with ibuprofen in three different postpartum pain populations","volume":"45","author":"Sunshine","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0089|cit89","first-page":"703","article-title":"Acemetacine and phenylbutazone: Double-blind study in pain and inflammations following episiotomy","volume":"37","author":"Szabados","year":"1986","journal-title":"Medizinische Welt"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0090|cit90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1185\/03007998109114279","article-title":"Ibuprofen vs placebo in the relief of post-episiotomy pain","volume":"7","author":"Taina","year":"1981","journal-title":"Current Medical Research and Opinion"},{"issue":"2I","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0091|cit91","first-page":"274","article-title":"Double-blind comparative evaluation of tiaprofenic acid (Surgam) versus acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in relieving pain following episiotomy","volume":"34","author":"Trop","year":"1983","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0092|cit92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1185\/03007997209111144","article-title":"Oral analgesia in post-partum pain: a comparison of ibuprofen ('Brufen') and dextropropoxyphene","volume":"1","author":"Wering","year":"1972","journal-title":"Current Medical Research and Opinion"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0093|cit93","first-page":"327","article-title":"Double blind study using benzydamine in the puerperium","volume":"14","author":"Pein","year":"1974","journal-title":"Gynakologische Rundschau"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0094|cit94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(84)90483-4","article-title":"Comparative trial of suprofen and dihydrocodeine in post-episiotomy pain","volume":"2","author":"Walters","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0095|cit95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1985.tb03030.x","article-title":"Pain relief after episiotomy - a comparative study of suprofen and dihydrocodeine","volume":"92","author":"Walters","year":"1985","journal-title":"British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0096|cit96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/01443619750114068","article-title":"The prophylactic use of diclofenac (voltarol) suppositories in perineal pain after episiotomy. A random allocation double-blind study","volume":"17","author":"Yoong","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0097|cit97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006672.pub2","article-title":"Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma","author":"Aasheim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0098|cit98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1997.tb09657.x","article-title":"The prevalence of early postpartum psychiatric morbidity in Dubai: transcultural perspective","volume":"95","author":"Abou-Saleh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0099|cit99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-1072-1","article-title":"Chapter 4. European guidelines for the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain","volume":"15 Suppl 2","author":"Airaksinen","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Spine Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0100|cit100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2007.06.005","article-title":"Evaluation of postpartum perineal pain and dyspareunia--a prospective study","volume":"137","author":"Andrews","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0101|cit101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540080059030","article-title":"Improving the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials. The CONSORT statement","volume":"276","author":"Begg","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0102|cit102","volume-title":"Pain: Current Understanding of Assessment, Management, and Treatments","author":"Berry","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0103|cit103","volume-title":"British National Formulary","author":"BNF: Joint Formulary Committee","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0104|cit104","volume-title":"Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference","author":"Brayfield","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0105|cit105","volume-title":"Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","author":"Brunton","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0106|cit106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007734","article-title":"Drugs for perineal pain in the early postpartum period: generic protocol","author":"Chou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0107|cit107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008407.pub2","article-title":"Paracetamol\/acetaminophen (single administration) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period","author":"Chou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0108|cit108","first-page":"117-24","article-title":"Commentary: Single-dose analgesic studies: the upside and downside of assay sensitivity","volume-title":"Advances in Pain Research and Therapy","volume":"18","author":"Cooper","year":"1991"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0109|cit109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199834020-00002","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen. The first 30 years","volume":"34","author":"Davies","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacokinetics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0110|cit110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004908.pub2","article-title":"Analgesia for relief of pain due to uterine cramping\/involution after birth","author":"Deussen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0111|cit111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2010.11.009","article-title":"Perineal pain following childbirth: prevalence, effects on postnatal recovery and analgesia usage","volume":"28","author":"East","year":"2012","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0112|cit112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006304.pub3","article-title":"Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth","author":"East","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0113|cit113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1177\/0884217504266915","article-title":"Postpartum depression beyond the early postpartum period","volume":"33","author":"Goodman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0114|cit114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000495","article-title":"Therapeutic ultrasound for postpartum perineal pain and dyspareunia","author":"Hay-Smith","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0115|cit115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003931","article-title":"Rectal analgesia for pain from perineal trauma following childbirth","author":"Hedayati","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0116|cit116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004223.pub2","article-title":"Topically applied anaesthetics for treating perineal pain after childbirth","author":"Hedayati","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0117|cit117","unstructured":"Higgins JPT Green S Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0118|cit118","volume-title":"Pharmaceutical Calculations","author":"Howard","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0119|cit119","unstructured":"Irish Pharmaceutical Healthcare Association Summary of product characteristics Nurofen 200 mg coated tablets www.medicines.ie 2014"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0120|cit120","volume-title":"Drug-induced Liver Disease","author":"Kaplowitz","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0121|cit121","article-title":"The pelvic \ufb02oor","volume-title":"Mayes\u2019 Midwifery: A Textbook for Midwives","volume":"13","author":"Kettle","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0122|cit122","unstructured":"LacMed, a ToxNet database U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Health & Human Services 2015"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0123|cit123","unstructured":"Laws P Sullivan EA Australia\u2019s Mothers and Babies 2007 AIHW National Perinatal Statistics Unit, Sydney 2009"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0124|cit124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2009.00355.x","article-title":"Postpartum perineal pain in a low episiotomy setting: association with severity of genital trauma, labor care, and birth variables","volume":"36","author":"Leeman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0125|cit125","article-title":"Part III: Pain terms: A current list with definitions and notes on usage","volume-title":"Classification of Chronic Pain","author":"Loeser","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0126|cit126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.02.064","article-title":"Incidence, severity, and determinants of perineal pain after vaginal delivery: a prospective cohort study","volume":"191","author":"Macarthur","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0127|cit127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725-35","DOI":"10.1086\/367898","article-title":"A multicenter randomized controlled trial of nevirapine versus a combination of zidovudine and lamivudine to reduce intrapartum and early postpartum mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1","volume":"187","author":"Moodley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0128|cit128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229-37","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(96)03032-1","article-title":"Deriving dichotomous outcome measures from continuous data in randomised controlled trials of analgesics","volume":"66","author":"Moore","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0129|cit129","first-page":"311-5","article-title":"Deriving dichotomous outcome measures from continuous data in randomised controlled trials of analgesia: use of pain intensity and visual analogue scales","volume":"96","author":"Moore","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0130|cit130","first-page":"127-30","article-title":"Deriving dichotomous outcome measures from continuous data in randomised controlled trials of analgesia: veri\ufb01cation from independent data","volume":"69","author":"Moore","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0131|cit131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-012-1180-y","article-title":"Factors associated with depressive symptoms in the early postpartum period among women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"17","author":"Nicklas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0132|cit132","first-page":"1188-93","article-title":"Calcium absorption is significantly higher in adolescents during pregnancy than in the early postpartum period","volume":"78","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0133|cit133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-5688-5_1","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory drugs in the 21st century","volume":"42","author":"Rainsford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sub-cellular Biochemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0134|cit134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81s","DOI":"10.18433\/J3T886","article-title":"Evolution of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition and beyond","volume":"11","author":"Rao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0135|cit135","unstructured":"The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager (RevMan) 2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0136|cit136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2006.0030","article-title":"Risk factors for poor self-rated health in women at 2 months and 1 year after childbirth","volume":"16","author":"Schytt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Women's Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0137|cit137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seibert K Hang Y Leahy K Hauser S Masferrer J Perkins W Pharmacological and biochemical demonstration of the role of cyclooxygenase-2 in inflammation and pain Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 1994 12013 17","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.25.12013"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0138|cit138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith CJ Zhang Y Koboldt CM Muhammad J Zweifel BS Shaffer A Pharmacological analysis of cyclooxygenase-1 in inflammation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 1998 13313 331","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.22.13313"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0139|cit139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000127578.21885.3E","article-title":"Relationship between selective cyclooxygenase- 2 inhibitors and acute myocardial infarction in older adults","volume":"109","author":"Solomon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0140|cit140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2013.0063","article-title":"Women's perceptions of breastfeeding barriers in early postpartum period: a qualitative analysis nested in two randomized controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Teich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breastfeeding Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0141|cit141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536X.2002.00167.x","article-title":"Prevalence and persistence of health problems after childbirth: associations with parity and method of birth","volume":"29","author":"Thompson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0142|cit142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1998.tb05083.x","article-title":"Comparing analgesic efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs given by different routes in acute and chronic pain: a qualitative systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Tram\u00e8r","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0143|cit143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-1071-2","article-title":"Chapter 3. European guidelines for the management of acute nonspecific low back pain in primary care","volume":"15 Suppl 2","author":"Tulder","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Spine Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0144|cit144","first-page":"232","article-title":"Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of action for aspirin-like drugs","volume":"43","author":"Vane","year":"1971","journal-title":"Nature: New Biology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0145|cit145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq323","article-title":"When does acute pain become chronic?","volume":"105 Suppl 1","author":"Voscopoulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0146|cit146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.2510140605","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of naproxen, its metabolite O-desmethylnaproxen, and their acyl glucuronides in humans","volume":"14","author":"Vree","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biopharmaceutics & Drug Diposition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0147|cit147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2006.01593.x","article-title":"The prevalence of enduring postnatal perineal morbidity and its relationship to type of birth and birth risk factors","volume":"16","author":"Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Nursing"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2-BIB0148|cit148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352","article-title":"Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period","author":"Wuytack","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd011352.pub3","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610323200000}}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T06:44:18Z","timestamp":1692427458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]]},"references-count":148,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd011352.pub2","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011352.pub3","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]]}}}