{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:15:12Z","timestamp":1786976112772,"version":"build-2736575974"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd011585","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000}}],"reference-count":424,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd011585.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T07:19:24Z","timestamp":1689751164000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Rifaximin for prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2023","author":[{"given":"Harry D","family":"Zacharias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health; Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London; London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fady","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health; Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London; London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaclyn","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London; London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Kimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrounit; Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre; Hvidovre Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise Lotte","family":"Gluud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrounit, Medical Division; Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre; Hvidovre Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marsha Y","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health; Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London; London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","first-page":"1269","article-title":"Lactulose alone versus lactulose + rifaximin for the management of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"12","author":"Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","first-page":"269","article-title":"Efficacy of rifaximin in prevention of recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis of liver","volume":"24","author":"Ali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","first-page":"15","article-title":"Rifaximin versus placebo preventing the recurrence of clinically overt hepatic encephalopathy in patients having cirrhosis of liver","volume":"28","author":"Babar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medical Forum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.08.061","article-title":"Rifaximin improves driving simulator performance in a randomized trial of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"140","author":"Bajaj","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","unstructured":"Rifaximin in minimal hepatic encephalopathy clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT00533910"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S560","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)38289-7","article-title":"Rifaximin and lactulose combination therapy versus lactulose alone for prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy recurrence: a pooled analysis of two randomized trials","volume":"156","author":"Bajaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S570","DOI":"10.14309\/01.ajg.0000778480.00043.a7","article-title":"Rifaximin plus lactulose is more efficacious than lactulose alone for risk reduction of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) recurrence: a subgroup analysis by viral or alcohol cirrhosis etiology","volume":"116","author":"Bajaj","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","first-page":"646A","article-title":"Rifaximin treatment is beneficial for mild hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"40","author":"Bass","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","unstructured":"Dimick-Santos L Meeting of The Gastrointestinal Drugs Advisory Committee (GIDAC) to evaluate rifaximin 550 mg tablets for the proposed indication of maintenance of remission of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in patients 18 years old and older. NDA 22-554 clinical review www.fda.gov\/downloads\/AdvisoryCommittees\/CommitteesMeetingMaterials\/Drugs\/GastrointestinalDrugsAdvisoryCommittee\/UCM201079.pdf"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840400507","article-title":"The number connection test can predict the likelihood of asterixis and abnormal mental state in patients with hepatic encephalopathy treated with rifaximin","volume":"40","author":"Gardner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","unstructured":"Salix Pharmaceuticals Inc. Xifaxan (rifaximin) tablets 550 mg for hepatic encephalopathy. Committee USFaDAGDA www.fda.gov\/downloads\/AdvisoryCommittees\/CommitteesMeetingMaterials\/Drugs\/GastrointestinalDrugs AdvisoryCommittee\/UCM203248.pdf"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","unstructured":"Xifaxan (rifaximin) tablets, 550 mg NDA 22-554. Briefing document for the gastrointestinal drugs advisory committee meeting 23 February 2010: FDA; 2010 www.fda.gov\/downloads\/AdvisoryCommittees\/CommitteesMeetingMaterials\/Drugs\/GastrointestinalDrugsAdvisoryCommittee\/UCM201081.pdf"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","unstructured":"Alivisatos R EC. 21-361 Xifaxan medical review part 6 access data FDA. Salix Pharmaceuticals, FDA www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/nda\/2004\/21-361_Xifaxan_Medr_P6.pdf"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(09)60095-7","article-title":"Rifaximin is effective in maintaining remission in hepatic encephalopathy: results of a large, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"50","author":"Bass","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907893","article-title":"Rifaximin treatment in hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"362","author":"Bass","year":"2010","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23301","article-title":"Rifaximin significantly improved critical flicker frequency, and time-weighted CFF correlated with overt hepatic encephalopathy as assessed by Conn score in a 6 month study","volume":"50","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","first-page":"916","article-title":"A critical flicker frequency value of 32 HZ predicts recurrence of overt hepatic encephalopathy in a double-blind, placebo controlled trial of rifaximin in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"56","author":"Butterworth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)37075-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rifaximin treatment for reducing the risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy by baseline hepatic impairment","volume":"156","author":"Flamm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079A","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31579","article-title":"Precipitation factors of overt hepatic encephalopathy occurrence: an analysis of 3 rifaximin clinical trials","volume":"72","author":"Flamm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1756284818800307","article-title":"Rifaximin has the potential to prevent complications of cirrhosis","volume":"11","author":"Flamm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(13)63704-X","article-title":"Utility of the hepatic encephalopathy scoring algorithm (HESA) for diagnosing hepatic encephalopathy in a randomized, controlled trial of rifaximin vs. placebo","volume":"144","author":"Hassanein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(12)60157-7","article-title":"The long term efficacy and safety of rifaximin in the maintenance of remission from overt hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients","volume":"142","author":"Mullen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.12.021","article-title":"Rifaximin is safe and well tolerated for long-term maintenance of remission from overt hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"12","author":"Mullen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","unstructured":"A 6-month efficacy, safety, and tolerability study of rifaximin in preventing hepatic encephalopathy clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT00298038"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","unstructured":"Safety and tolerability study of rifaximin in participants with a history of hepatic encephalopathy clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT00686920"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(09)60056-1","article-title":"Rifaximin reduces the risk of hospitalizations in patients with previous episodes of hepatic encephalopathy: results from a phase 3 placebo-controlled trial","volume":"136","author":"Neff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(13)61667-4","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of rifaximin in hepatitis C patients with recurrent hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"144","author":"Neff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23301","article-title":"The protective effect of rifaximin (1100mg daily) from hepatic encephalopathy observed in a double-blind placebo controlled study is substantiated and durable over the long term","volume":"50","author":"Poordad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(10)60017-7","article-title":"Rifaximin treatment improved quality of life in patients with hepatic encephalopathy: results of a large, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"52","author":"Sanyal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S90","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(09)60224-5","article-title":"Chronic administration of rifaximin for the maintenance of remission of hepatic encephalopathy: a subgroup analysis of a phase 3 trial","volume":"50","author":"Sanyal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(12)60658-8","article-title":"Rates of commonly occuring infections in cirrhosis patients remain stable during long-term rifaximin treatment","volume":"56","author":"Sanyal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04808.x","article-title":"Randomised clinical trial: rifaximin improves health-related quality of life in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy - a double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"34","author":"Sanyal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"JC2","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-153-4-201008170-02008","article-title":"ACP Journal Club: Rifaximin maintained remission from hepatic encephalopathy longer than placebo in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"153","author":"Story","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACP Journal Club"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1185\/03007999309111539","article-title":"Double-blind, double-dummy comparison between treatment with rifaximin and lactulose in patients with medium to severe degree hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"13","author":"Bucci","year":"1993","journal-title":"Current Medical Research Opinion"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","first-page":"10A","article-title":"Rifaximin for the prevention of hepatic encephalopathy in patients treated by TIPS: a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"70","author":"Jezequel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-0202","article-title":"The use of rifaximin in the prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. A randomized controlled trial","volume":"174","author":"Thabut","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"JC78","DOI":"10.7326\/ACPJ202107200-078","article-title":"In patients having transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, rifaximin prevented overt hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"174","author":"Koretz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","unstructured":"Double blind randomized study, comparing rifaximin vs placebo for the prevention of encephalopathy in patients treated by TIPS clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/study\/NCT02016196"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.29271\/jcpsp.2018.02.115","article-title":"Is lactulose plus rIfaximin better then lactulose alone in the management of hepatic encephalopathy?","volume":"28","author":"Butt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","first-page":"57","article-title":"Rifaximin in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"4","author":"Fera","year":"1993","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-393X(05)80681-2","article-title":"Rifaximin in the treatment of chronic hepatic encephalopathy; results of a multicenter study of efficacy and safety","volume":"54","author":"Festi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(14)60602-4","article-title":"Outcomes of rifaximin plus lactulose versus lactulose alone in treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"60","author":"Gill","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","first-page":"37","article-title":"Evaluation of efficacy of rifaximin in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"14","author":"Habib","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","first-page":"32","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of a combination of rifaximin and lactulose with lactulose only in the treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"66","author":"Hasan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the Association of Physicians of India"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","unstructured":"Lactulose, L-ornithine L-aspartate, or rifaximin versus placebo for preventing hepatic encephalopathy in variceal bleeding clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT02158182"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(17)30362-8","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial comparing lactulose, l-ornithine l-aspartate, or rifaximin, versus placebo, as primary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding","volume":"66","author":"La Tijera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3015891","article-title":"Primary prophylaxis to prevent the development of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding","volume":"2018","author":"la Tijera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","unstructured":"Intestinal decontamination with rifaximin. Effects on the inflammatory and circulatory state in patients with cirrhosis and ascites - a randomised controlled clinical study www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu\/ctr-search\/search?query=2012-002890-71 2012"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21037\/tgh.2020.02.14","article-title":"The psychometric hepatic encephalopathy syndrome score does not correlate with blood ammonia, endotoxins or markers of inflammation in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"6","author":"Kimer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28898","article-title":"Rifaximin has no effect on hemodynamics in decompensated cirrhosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"65","author":"Kimer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041A","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28799","article-title":"Rifaximin has limited effect on the inflammatory state and bacterial translocation in the patient with stable decompensated cirrhosis. Results from a randomized, placebo controlled trial","volume":"64","author":"Kimer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13852","article-title":"Rifaximin has minor effects on bacterial composition, inflammation and bacterial translocation in cirrhosis; A randomized trial","volume":"33","author":"Kimer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041A","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28800","article-title":"Rifaximin has no effect on hemodynamics in decompensated cirrhosis - A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial","volume":"64","author":"Kimer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0054|cit54","unstructured":"Intestinal decontamination with rifaximin. The inflammatory and circulatory state in patients with cirrhosis clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01769040"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0055|cit55","first-page":"53","article-title":"Cyclic treatment of chronic hepatic encephalopathy with rifaximin. Results of a double-blind clinical study","volume":"49","author":"Loguercio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Minerva Dietologica e Gastroenterologica"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.02.106","article-title":"Prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy in acute variceal bleed in patients with cirrhosis: an open label randomized controlled trial of lactulose versus rifaximin","volume":"4","author":"Maharshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-308521","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of lactulose versus rifaximin for prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with acute variceal bleed","volume":"64","author":"Maharshi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(14)60021-0","article-title":"Prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy in acute variceal bleed in patients with cirrhosis: An open label controlled trial of lactulose versus rifaximin","volume":"60","author":"Maharshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0059|cit59","first-page":"362","article-title":"A comparison of rifaximin with placebo for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"12","author":"Majeed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Medical and Health Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v14.i3.634","article-title":"Effect of a specific Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 strain on minimal\/mild hepatic encephalopathy treatment","volume":"14","author":"Manzhalii","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0061|cit61","unstructured":"Efficacy and Safety of E.Coli Nissle 1917 in Patients With Mild (Stage 1-2) or Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04787276"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-8278(02)00350-1","article-title":"Comparison of rifaximin and lactitol in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: results of a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, controlled clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Mas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0063|cit63","first-page":"40","article-title":"Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) with rifaximin compared with lactitol. Multicenter randomized, double-blind, double dummy study","volume":"22","author":"Mas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastroenterologia y Hepatologia"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0064|cit64","first-page":"7","article-title":"Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy with rifaximin","volume":"4","author":"Massa","year":"1993","journal-title":"The European Journal of Clinical Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0065|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14807","article-title":"Rifaximin microbial resistance and its efficacy and safety as secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis","volume":"75","author":"Moneim","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0066|cit66","first-page":"1417","article-title":"Role of rifaximin in preventing the recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"10","author":"Muhammad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0067|cit67","first-page":"S104","article-title":"Rifaximin versus placebo in reducing the risk of clinically overt hepatic encephalopathy recurrence in patients having cirrhosis of liver","volume":"9","author":"Nawaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology International"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0068|cit68","first-page":"55","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of short-term administration of rifaximin in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2005.46.3.399","article-title":"Comparison of rifaximin and lactulose for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: a prospective randomized study","volume":"46","author":"Paik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Yonsei Medical Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0070|cit70","first-page":"407A","article-title":"The clinical efficacy of rifaximin in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy (Comparison with lactulose)","volume":"32","author":"Song","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0071|cit71","unstructured":"A trial to determine if rifaximin is more efficient than placebo in treating systemic inflammation and neutrophil (white blood cells) malfunction in patients with cirrhosis and chronic hepatic encephalopathy www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu\/ctr-search\/search?query=eudract_number:2013-004708-20"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0072|cit72","unstructured":"RIFSYS: randomised controlled trial of mechanistic effects of rifaximin in cirrhosis and chronic hepatic encephalopathy clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT02019784"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.010","article-title":"Rifaximin reduces gut-derived inflammation and mucin degradation in cirrhosis and encephalopathy: RIFSYS randomised controlled trial","volume":"76","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(18)30432-X","article-title":"Results of a placebo-controlled double blind randomised trial to investigate the efficacy of rifaximin-alpha versus placebo in improving systemic inflammation in patients with cirrhosis and chronic hepatic encephalopathy (RIFSYS Trial)","volume":"68","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0075|cit75","unstructured":"Patel V Shawcross D McPhail M A placebo controlled single centre double blind randomised trial to investigate the efficacy of RIFaximin versus placebo in improving SYStemic inflammation and neutrophil malfunction in patients with cirrhosis and chronic hepatic encephalopathy Scientific Report 2018 1 97"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462A","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30353","article-title":"Improvement in hepatic encephalopathy with rifaximin is associated with distinct changes in the metagenomic species in the saliva and stool microbiome and a reduction in systemic inflammation \u2013 results of the RIFSYS randomized controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A44","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-016-0715-3","article-title":"Prospective randomized study of effect of lactulose or rifaximin or placebo in minimal hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"35","author":"Pawar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0078|cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2017.00037","article-title":"Minimal hepatic encephalopathy in Indians: psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score and inhibitory control test for diagnosis and rifaximin or lactulose for its reversal","volume":"7","author":"Pawar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical & Translational Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0079|cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4363","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.4363","article-title":"Precipitating factors and treatment outcomes of hepatic encephalopathy in liver cirrhosis","volume":"11","author":"Poudyal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2018.06.363","article-title":"Treatment outcome of hepatic encephalopathy in liver cirrhosis","volume":"8","author":"Silwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0081|cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)80730-9","article-title":"Preliminary results of a randomised controlled trials in the prevention of early post-tips hepatic encephalopathy: a comparison between rifaximin and lactitol","volume":"36","author":"Masini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0082|cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.12.028","article-title":"Pharmacological prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a randomized controlled study","volume":"42","author":"Riggio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12005","article-title":"A double blind randomised controlled trial comparing rifaximin plus lactulose with lactulose alone in treatment of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"27","author":"Lunia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0084|cit84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2013.03.085","article-title":"A randomised double blind controlled trial comparing rifaximin plus lactulose with lactulose alone in treatment of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"3","author":"Lunia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0085|cit85","unstructured":"Rifaximin plus lactulose versus lactulose alone for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: a double blind randomized trial clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/record\/NCT01218568"},{"issue":"1S","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0086|cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2013.03.011","article-title":"A randomised double blind controlled trial comparing rifaximin plus lactulose with lactulose alone in treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"3","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0087|cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.219","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial comparing rifaximin plus lactulose with lactulose alone in treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"108","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0088|cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12006","article-title":"Minimal hepatic encephalopathy: effect of rifaximin, probiotics, and L-ornithine L-aspartate","volume":"27","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0089|cit89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.136975","article-title":"Effect of rifaximin, probiotics, and l-ornithine l-aspartate on minimal hepatic encephalopthy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0090|cit90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.455","article-title":"Rifaximin improves psychometric performance and health-related quality of life in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (The RIME trial)","volume":"106","author":"Sidhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0091|cit91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.5604\/16652681.1226822","article-title":"Minimal hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis - how long to treat?","volume":"16","author":"Goyal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0092|cit92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S526","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(14)61464-1","article-title":"Rifaximin versus lactulose in the treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a prospective, randomised, active-comparator, non-inferiority trial","volume":"60","author":"Goyal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0093|cit93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S188","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-016-9783-9","article-title":"Relapse of minimal hepatic encephalopathy after treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"11","author":"Goyal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology International"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0094|cit94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12921","article-title":"Rifaximin vs. lactulose in treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"36","author":"Sidhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver International"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0095|cit95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S371","DOI":"10.14309\/00000434-201610001-00843","article-title":"Minimal hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis: how long to treat? Does minimal hepatic encephalopathy relapse after treatment?","volume":"111","author":"Wander","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0096|cit96","unstructured":"Phase II\/III clinical trial of L-105 in patients with hepatic encephalopathy www.clinicaltrials.jp\/cti-user\/trial\/ShowDirect.jsp?japicId=JapicCTI-132086"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0097|cit97","unstructured":"Phase III clinical trial of L-105 in patients with hepatic encephalopathy www.clinicaltrials.jp\/cti-user\/trial\/ShowDirect.jsp?japicId=JapicCTI-132087"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0098|cit98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13045","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rifaximin in Japanese patients with hepatic encephalopathy: a phase II\/III, multicenter,randomized, evaluator-blinded, active-controlled trial and a phase III, multicenter, open trial","volume":"48","author":"Suzuki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0099|cit99","unstructured":"Low-dose Rifaximin in the Treatment of Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03077217"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0100|cit100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2021.00457","article-title":"Effects of low-dose and high-dose rifaximin in the treatment of covert hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0101|cit101","first-page":"19","article-title":"Examine the efficacy of rifaximin for hepatic encephalopathy patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"31","author":"Uthman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medical Forum Monthly"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0102|cit102","unstructured":"Effect of goal directed ammonia lowering therapy in acute on chronic liver failure patients with hepatic encephalopathy clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02321371"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0103|cit103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2017.01.026","article-title":"Goal directed ammonia lowering therapy in acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) with hepatic encephalopathy (HE): a randomized trial","volume":"7","author":"Vyas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0104|cit104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28799","article-title":"Goal directed ammonia lowering therapy in acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) with hepatic encephalopathy (HE): a randomized trial","volume":"64","author":"Vyas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0105|cit105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A67","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-016-0715-3","article-title":"Effect of goal directed ammonia lowering therapy in acute-on-chronic liver failure patients with hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"35","author":"Vyas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0106|cit106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.12816\/0007871","article-title":"Evaluation of rifaximin in management of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"44","author":"Wahib","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0107|cit107","unstructured":"Rifaximin reduces the complications of decompensated cirrhosis: a randomized controlled trial www.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02190357"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0108|cit108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-020-10117-y","article-title":"Low-dose rifaximin prevents complications and improves survival in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis","volume":"15","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology International"},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0109|cit109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(16)00176-8","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of rifaximin versus norfloxacin for secondary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"64","author":"Abd-Elsalam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0110|cit110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000724","article-title":"Randomized-controlled trial of rifaximin versus norfloxacin for secondary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"28","author":"Elfert","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0111|cit111","unstructured":"Comparative study of rifaximin versus norfloxacin in the secondary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02120196"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0112|cit112","first-page":"42","article-title":"Comparison of rifaximin plus lactulose with the lactulose alone for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"65","author":"Ahire","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the Association of Physicians of India"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0113|cit113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-014-9507-6","article-title":"Enhancement of functional connectivity, working memory and inhibitory control on multi-modal brain MR imaging with rifaximin in cirrhosis: implications for the gut-liver-brain axis","volume":"29","author":"Ahluwalia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolic Brain Disease"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0114|cit114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hepatic encephalopathy. Rifaximin opens new perspectives MMW Fortschritte der Medizin 2014 156 13 78 9","DOI":"10.1007\/s15006-014-3748-5"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0115|cit115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Intestine specific broad spectrum antibiotic. Rifaximin: therapy option in hepatic encephalopathy MMW Fortschritte der Medizin 2014 156 3 64 5","DOI":"10.1007\/s15006-014-3126-3"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0116|cit116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e60042","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060042","article-title":"Modulation of the metabiome by rifaximin in patients with cirrhosis and minimal hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"8","author":"Bajaj","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0117|cit117","first-page":"1027A","article-title":"Oral rifaximin soluble solid dispersion immediate release 40 mg prevents development of cirrhosis related complications: A phase 2, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"64","author":"Bajaj","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0118|cit118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640620927345","article-title":"Rifaximin solube solid dispersion tablets modify gut microbial function, as shown by increased faecal secondary bile acid levels compared with placebo, in patients with early decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"8","author":"Kakiyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterology Journal"},{"issue":"6 Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0119|cit119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(20)34307-9","article-title":"Rifaximin soluble solid dispersion tablets modify gut microbial function, as shown by increased fecal secondary bile acid levels compared with placebo, in patients with early decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"158","author":"Kakiyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0120|cit120","unstructured":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, multicenter study to assess the efficacy and safety of rifaximin soluble solid dispersion (SSD) tablets for the prevention of complications in subjects with early decompensated liver cirrhosis clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/record\/NCT01904409"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0121|cit121","first-page":"47A","article-title":"Impact of baseline chronic liver disease characteristics on the efficacy of oral rifaximin soluble solid dispersion tablets for the prevention of further decompensation or all-cause mortality in patients with cirrhosis and ascites","volume":"64","author":"Sanyal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0122|cit122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S721","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(20)31898-5","article-title":"Lactulose withdrawal can potentiate breakthrough overt hepatic encephalopathy in patients controlled with rifaximin plus lactulose therapy: a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"73","author":"Bajaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0123|cit123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S494","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.305","article-title":"Assessment of potential impact of demographic and baseline disease characteristics on rifaximin monotherapy versus lactulose combination therapy for the prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) recurrence","volume":"112","author":"Flamm","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0124|cit124","unstructured":"The safety\/efficacy of rifaximin with\/without lactulose in participants with a history of recurrent hepatic encephalopathy clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01842581"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0125|cit125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0618-8278(19)31349-0","article-title":"SAT-110-Impact of rifaximin monotherapy or rifamixin plus lactulose on markers of inflammation in patients with cirrhosis and a history of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"70","author":"Sanyal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0126|cit126","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy recurrence with rifaximin alone versus rifaximin plus lactulose therapy: impact on quality of life and caregiver burden in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"13","author":"Sanyal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Hospital Medicine"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0127|cit127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28796","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rifaximin monotherapy versus lactulose combination therapy for the prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) recurrence","volume":"64","author":"Sanyal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0128|cit128","first-page":"268A","article-title":"Impact of rifaximin monotherapy versus rifaximin and lactulose combination therapy on quality of life in patients with a history of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE)","volume":"66","author":"Sanyal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore Md.)"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0129|cit129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31578","article-title":"Investigational water-soluble rifaximin formulation significantly shortens time to recovery in hospitalized patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE): a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"72","author":"Bajaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0130|cit130","unstructured":"Rifaximin Soluble Solid Dispersion (SSD) tablets plus lactulose for the treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/study\/NCT03515044"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0131|cit131","first-page":"16","article-title":"Rifaximin improves the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"17","author":"Block","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0132|cit132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i18.2221","article-title":"Prognostic significance of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis treated with current standards of care","volume":"26","author":"Bohra","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0133|cit133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11060478","article-title":"Real-world experience of the one-year efficacy of rifaximin add-on to lactulose is superior to lactulose alone in patients with cirrhosis complicated with recurrent hepatic encephalopathy in Taiwan","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Personalized Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0134|cit134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12904","article-title":"Rifaximin in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: An open-label pilot study","volume":"48","author":"Cobbold","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0135|cit135","unstructured":"Rifaximin in fatty liver disease (RiFL) clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01355575"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0136|cit136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(16)00286-5","article-title":"Treatment with rifaximin high dose plus lactulose vs rifaximin standard dose plus lactulose for acute hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"64","author":"Crisafulli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0137|cit137","unstructured":"A double blind randomised controlled trial comparing lactulose plus rifaximin with lactulose plus rifaximin plus L-ornithin L-aspartate in the treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy (grade III-grade IV) in patients with cirrhosis www.ctri.nic.in\/Clinicaltrials\/pdf_generate.php?trialid=32692&EncHid=&modid=&compid=%27,%2732692det%27"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0138|cit138","first-page":"315","article-title":"The role of rifaximine in the prevention of the spontaneous peritonitis","volume":"117","author":"Danulescu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Revista Medico-Chirurgicala Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0139|cit139","first-page":"668","article-title":"Rifaximin in collateral treatment of portal systemic encephalopathy: a preliminary report","volume":"36","author":"De Marco","year":"1984","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0140|cit140","first-page":"LO","article-title":"An open label randomized study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lactulose versus rifaximin in cirrhotics with covert hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"35","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0141|cit141","first-page":"68","article-title":"Therapeutic approaches in patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy and liver cirrhosis","volume":"28","author":"Diana-Maria","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0142|cit142","first-page":"403","article-title":"Rifaximin versus neomycine in the treatment of portosystemic encephalopathy","volume":"23","author":"Di Piazza","year":"1991","journal-title":"Italian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0143|cit143","first-page":"1047A","article-title":"Changes in antimicrobial susceptibility of fecal bacteria during rifaximin treatment for the prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) recurrence","volume":"64","author":"DuPont","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0144|cit144","first-page":"720A","article-title":"Genomic characterization of stool microbiota with rifaximin monotherapy versus lactulose in combination therapy for prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) recurrence","volume":"64","author":"DuPont","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0145|cit145","unstructured":"Anti-fibrotic and molecular aspects of rifaximin in alcoholic liver disease: A randomized placebo controlled clinical trial www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu\/ctr-search\/search?query=eudract_number:2014-001856-51 (Date of registration 10 June 2014)"},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0146|cit146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S517","DOI":"10.14309\/01.ajg.0000706100.58826.f6","article-title":"Lack of colonic microbial cross-resistance to other antibiotics in patients treated with rifaximin alone vs rifaximin plus lactulose for reducing the risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) recurrence","volume":"115","author":"Frenette","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0147|cit147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S517","DOI":"10.14309\/01.ajg.0000706104.30097.6e","article-title":"Lactulose on intestinal microbial diversity and composition in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"115","author":"Frenette","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0148|cit148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000348","article-title":"Efficacy of rifaximin on circulating endotoxins and cytokines in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"27","author":"Gangarapu","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0149|cit149","unstructured":"Efficacy of rifaximin on hepatosteatosis and steatohepatitis patients. clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02009592"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0150|cit150","first-page":"57","article-title":"Rifaximin in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"4","author":"Giacomo","year":"1993","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0151|cit151","unstructured":"Comparative study of Rifaximin alone versus combination therapy with Norfloxacin for secondary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with hepatic encephalopathy https:\/\/trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=CTRI\/2021\/09\/036321 2021"},{"issue":"Suppl.1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0152|cit152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232A: 2073","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32188","article-title":"Rifaximin alone versus combination with norfloxacin for secondary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized-controlled trial","volume":"74","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0153|cit153","first-page":"843","article-title":"Compare the efficacy of low versus high dose of rifaximin for primary prophylaxis of protosystemic encephalopathy","volume":"14","author":"Habib","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0154|cit154","first-page":"A181","article-title":"Impact of rifaximin and lactulose versus lactulose alone on hospitalization for acute recurrent hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"20","author":"Hammond","year":"2017","journal-title":"Value in Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0155|cit155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1443-9611.2003.00110.x","article-title":"Effects of probiotics, lactitol and rifaximin on intestinal flora and fecal excretion of organic acids in cirrhotic patients","volume":"4","author":"Hotten","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Digestive Diseases"},{"issue":"S4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0156|cit156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53: OE","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14481","article-title":"Effect of rifaximin on gut microbiome in cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding","volume":"33","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0157|cit157","unstructured":"Efficacy of rifaximin in treatment of cirrhotic gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage: A multi-center randomized controlled clinical trial . clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02964195"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0158|cit158","unstructured":"Efficacy of rafiximin in patients with cirrhotic gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage: A single-center pilot study clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02991612"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0159|cit159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32255.","article-title":"L- ornithine L-aspartate in acute treatment of severe hepatic encephalopathy: A double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"75","author":"Jain","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0160|cit160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15207","article-title":"Effect of rifaximin on infections, acute-on-chronic liver failure and mortality in alcoholic hepatitis: A pilot study (RIFA-AH)","volume":"42","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Liver International"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0161|cit161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S298","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-018-9852-3","article-title":"Bovine immunoglobulin orally with modified doses of rifaximin for advanced cirrhotics in overt hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized placebo control prospective clinical pilot trial (BRAIN trial)","volume":"12","author":"John","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology International"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0162|cit162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(20)30626-7","article-title":"Increased survival in patients with hepatic encephalopathy treated with rifaximin-alpha in combination with lactulose: an observational study from UK clinical practice","volume":"73","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0163|cit163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8355","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i47.8355","article-title":"Rifaximin ameliorates hepatic encephalopathy and endotoxemia without affecting the gut microbiome diversity","volume":"23","author":"Kaji","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0164|cit164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S752","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(18)31770-7","article-title":"Rifaximin ameliorated hepatic encephalopathy and endotoxemia without affecting the gut microbiome diversity","volume":"68","author":"Takaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0165|cit165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.02.025","article-title":"Rifaximin improves systemic hemodynamics and renal function in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis and ascites","volume":"10","author":"Kalambokis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0166|cit166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.364","article-title":"Thrompocytopenia associated with chronic liver disease: effects of rifaximin on platelet count","volume":"105","author":"Kalambokis","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0167|cit167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02650.x","article-title":"Rifaximin improves thrombocytopenia in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis in association with reduction of endotoxiemia","volume":"32","author":"Mouzaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver International"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0168|cit168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i14.1700","article-title":"Rifaximin for the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"18","author":"Kalambokis","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0169|cit169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24751","article-title":"Rifaximin reduces endotoxemia and improves liver function and disease severity in patients with decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"55","author":"Kalambokis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0170|cit170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14275","article-title":"Rifaximin treatment is associated with reduced risk of cirrhotic complications and prolonged overall survival in patients experiencing hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"46","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0171|cit171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(17)31566-0","article-title":"Rifaximin reduces cirrhotic complications and prolongs overall survival in patients experiencing hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"66","author":"Kang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0172|cit172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11061571.","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of rifaximin in japanese patients with hepatic encephalopathy: a multicenter retrospective study","volume":"157110.3390\/jcm","author":"Kawaratani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0173|cit173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12970","article-title":"Comparison of once a day rifaximin to twice a day dosage in the prevention of recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"30","author":"Khokhar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0174|cit174","first-page":"S325","article-title":"Daily single dose rifaximin for prevention of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Qureshi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology International"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0175|cit175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203200","article-title":"No effect of rifaximin on soluble CD163, mannose receptor or type III and IV neoepitope collagen markers in decompensated cirrhosis: Results from a randomized, placebo controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Kimer","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0176|cit176","unstructured":"Rifaximin (an antibiotic) treatment of acute alcoholic liver injury https:\/\/trialsearch.who.int\/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=EUCTR2014-002264-33-DK 2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0177|cit177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0264278","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264278","article-title":"The impact of rifaximin on inflammation and metabolism in alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"17","author":"Kimer","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0178|cit178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1159\/000518067","article-title":"Additional L-carnitine reduced the risk of hospitalization in patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy on rifaximin","volume":"40","author":"Kubota","year":"2022","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0179|cit179","unstructured":"Combination therapy with levocarnitine and rifaximin for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a randomized study upload.umin.ac.jp\/cgi-open-bin\/ctr_e\/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000031535"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0180|cit180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2017.01.017","article-title":"The continuous reaction times test for minimal hepatic encephalopathy validated by a randomized controlled multi-modal intervention","volume":"7","author":"Lauridsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0181|cit181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S740","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(18)31744-6","article-title":"The continuous reaction time test for minimal hepatic encephalopathy validated by a randomized controlled multimodal intervention","volume":"68","author":"Lauridsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0182|cit182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0185412","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185412","article-title":"The continuous reaction time test for minimal hepatic encephalopathy validated by a randomized controlled multi-modal intervention - a pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Lauridsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0183|cit183","unstructured":"Diagnosis of covert\/minimal hepatic encephalopathy by means of continuous reaction time measurement clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01773538"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0184|cit184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hepres.2003.11.005","article-title":"Endotoxinemia and benzodiazepine-like substances in compensated cirrhotic patients: a randomized study comparing the effect of rifaximine alone and in association with a symbiotic preparation","volume":"28","author":"Lighthouse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0185|cit185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1185\/03007999709113333","article-title":"Rifaximin, a non-absorbable rifamycin, for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. A double-blind, randomized trial","volume":"13","author":"Miglio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Current Medical Research and Opinion"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0186|cit186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajg.2018.06.001","article-title":"Rifaximin versus metronidazole in management of acute episode of hepatic encephalopathy: An open labeled randomized clinical trial","volume":"19","author":"Mohamed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arab Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0187|cit187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2015.7782","article-title":"The efficacy and the immunomodulatory effect of rifaximin in prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic Egyptian patients","volume":"26","author":"Mostafa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0188|cit188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(12)60157-7","article-title":"The long term efficacy and safety of rifaximin in the maintenance of remission from overt hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients","volume":"142","author":"Mullen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0189|cit189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.12.021","article-title":"Rifaximin is safe and well tolerated for long-term maintenance of remission from over hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"12","author":"Mullen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clincial Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0190|cit190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(13)61665-0","article-title":"Improved outcomes in hepatic encephalopathy using rifaximin monotherapy compared to rifaximin and lactulose combination therapy","volume":"144","author":"Neff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0191|cit191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23301","article-title":"The protective effect of rifaximin (1100 mg daily) from hepatic encephalopathy observed in a double-blind placebo controlled study is substantiated and durable over the long term","volume":"50","author":"Poordad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0192|cit192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(12)60658-8","article-title":"Rates of commonly occuring infections in cirrhosis patients remain stable during long-term rifaximin treatment","volume":"56","author":"Sanyal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0193|cit193","unstructured":"RICE Trial: Rifaximin In Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy - A Randomized, Controlled Trial https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT00364689"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0194|cit194","unstructured":"A Randomized Comparison of Rifaximin Versus Lactulose in Hospitalized Cirrhotic Patients With Progressive Renal Failure ClinicalTrials.gov: https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT00748904"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0195|cit195","unstructured":"Efficacy of pentoxifylline and rifaximin combination in pentoxifylline refractory clinical and subclinical hepatopulmonary syndrome clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01676597"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0196|cit196","unstructured":"The role of bacterial overgrowth and delayed intestinal transit in hepatic encephalopathy clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01846806"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0197|cit197","unstructured":"Rifaximin and propranolol combination therapy versus propranolol monotherapy in cirrhotic patients (RECOVER) clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/nct01897051"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0198|cit198","unstructured":"Pilot study of the effect of rifaximin on B-cell dysregulation in cirrhosis clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01951209"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0199|cit199","unstructured":"Rifaximin for the secondary prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrence in cirrhotic patients clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02011841"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0200|cit200","unstructured":"Rifaximin use in severe alcoholic hepatitis clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02485106"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0201|cit201","unstructured":"MNK6106 for liver disease (hepatic cirrhosis) that in the past has affected the brain (hepatic encephalopathy) clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03712280"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0202|cit202","unstructured":"Rifaximin versus norfloxacin in the primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04159870"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0203|cit203","first-page":"1","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of rifaximin-\u03b1: a 2-year observational study of overt hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"12","author":"Oey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0204|cit204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13111","article-title":"The impact on hospital resource utilisation of treatment of hepatic encephalopathy with rifaximin-\u03b1","volume":"36","author":"Orr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver International"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0205|cit205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-393X(05)80433-3","article-title":"Effect of rifaximin and paromomycin in the treatment of portal-systemic encephalopathy","volume":"52","author":"Parini","year":"1992","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0206|cit206","first-page":"175","article-title":"Rifaximin versus neomycin on hyper-ammoniemia in chronic portal systemic encephalopathy of cirrhotics. A double-blind, randomized trial","volume":"23","author":"Pedretti","year":"1991","journal-title":"Italian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0207|cit207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E176","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(16)30264-X","article-title":"Increased abundance of beneficial bacteria is associated with clinical improvement after rifaximin treatment","volume":"48","author":"Ponzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Digestive and Liver Disease"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0208|cit208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A649","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640616663689","article-title":"Increased abundance of beneficial bacteria is associated with clinical improvement in patients receiving rifaximin treatment","volume":"4","author":"Ponziani","year":"2016","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterology Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0209|cit209","unstructured":"Efficacy of the combination of simvastatin plus rifaximin in patients with decompensated cirrhosis to prevent ACLF development: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo controlled randomized clinical trial www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu\/ctr-search\/search?query=eudract_number:2018-001698-25"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0210|cit210","unstructured":"Efficacy of the combination of simvastatin plus rifaximin in patients with decompensated cirrhosis to prevent ACLF development clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03780673"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0211|cit211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30320-6","article-title":"Safety of two different doses of simvastatin plus rifaximin in decompensated cirrhosis (LIVERHOPE-SAFETY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"5","author":"Pose","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet. Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0212|cit212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176A","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30256","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of two doses of simvastatin associated with rifaximin in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Pose","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0213|cit213","unstructured":"Rifaximin and norfloxacin for prevention of SBP in adults with decompensated cirrhosis clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03695705"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0214|cit214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A57","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-017-0798-5","article-title":"Randomized control trial of rifaximin and norfloxacin in primary and secondary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients","volume":"36","author":"Praharaj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0215|cit215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2017.05.133","article-title":"Randomized control trial of rifaximin and norfloxacin in primary and secondary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhotic patients","volume":"7","author":"Praharaj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0216|cit216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S553","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-018-9852-3","article-title":"Randomized control trial of rifaximin and norfloxacin in primary and secondary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhotic patients","volume":"12","author":"Praharaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology International"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0217|cit217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.08.010","article-title":"Rifaximin vs. norfloxacin for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis prophylaxis: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Praharaj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0218|cit218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.06.046","article-title":"Sex is associated with differences in gut microbial composition and function in hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"74","author":"Saboo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0219|cit219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(18)30454-9","article-title":"Rifaximin reduced the incidence of sepsis and all cause admissions whilst on the liver transplant waiting list","volume":"68","author":"Salehi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0220|cit220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15326","article-title":"Rifaximin reduces the incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, variceal bleeding and all-cause admissions in patients on the liver transplant waiting list","volume":"50","author":"Salehi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0221|cit221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curtheres.2004.10.002","article-title":"Clinical effects of rifaximin in patients with hepatic encephalopathy intolerant or nonresponsive to previous lactulose treatment: an open-label, pilot study","volume":"65","author":"Sama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0222|cit222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.35.5.549","article-title":"Primary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy in decompensated cirrhosis: low dose vs. full dose rifaximin","volume":"35","author":"Sarwar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0223|cit223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000494216","article-title":"Long-term effect of rifaximin with and without lactulose on the active bacterial assemblages in the proximal small bowel and faeces in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"37","author":"Schulz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0224|cit224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-016-1205-8","article-title":"RiMINI - the influence of rifaximin on minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) and on the intestinal microbiome in patients with liver cirrhosis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Schulz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0225|cit225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10204763","article-title":"Recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy after TIPS: effective prophylaxis with combination of lactulose and rifaximin","volume":"10","author":"Seifert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0226|cit226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250A: 390","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32188","article-title":"Rifaximin treatment in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis; A multicenter, open-label, pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"74","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0227|cit227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13415","article-title":"Real-world effects of long-term rifaximin treatment for Japanese patients with hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"49","author":"Suzuki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0228|cit228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.6039-20","article-title":"Efficacy of switching from kanamycin sulfate to rifaximin in patients with hepatic cirrhosis","volume":"60","author":"Tasumi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0229|cit229","unstructured":"Eftimiadi C Deleo C Schito GC Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy with L\/105, a new non-absorbable rifamycin Drugs under Experimental and Clinical Research 1984 10 10 691 6"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0230|cit230","first-page":"387","article-title":"A non-absorbable rifamycin for treatment of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"11","author":"Testa","year":"1985","journal-title":"Drugs Under Experimental and Clinical Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0231|cit231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13564","article-title":"Furosemide as a factor to deteriorate therapeutic efficacy of rifaximin in patients with decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"50","author":"Uchida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0232|cit232","unstructured":"Randomized controlled trial comparing zinc-rifaximin combination therapy with zinc monotherapy in liver cirrhosis patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy upload.umin.ac.jp\/cgi-open-bin\/ctr_e\/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000042151 (Registered 10 June 2019). 2019"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0233|cit233","unstructured":"Use of rifaximin therapy in primary prevention of hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhotic patients with ascites upload.umin.ac.jp\/cgi-open-bin\/ctr_e\/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000043845"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0234|cit234","first-page":"161","article-title":"Evaluation of rifaximin, placebo and lactulose in reducing the levels of benzodiazepine-like compounds in patients with liver cirrhosis: A pilot study","volume":"31","author":"Venturini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drugs Under Experimental and Clinical Research"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0235|cit235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(18)31175-9","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics study of 2 investigational rifaximin soluble solid dispersion formulations (immediate release and sustained extended release) in healthy volunteers","volume":"68","author":"Vittitow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0236|cit236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12070","article-title":"Long-term administration of rifaximin improves the prognosis of patients with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis","volume":"28","author":"Vlachogiannakos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0237|cit237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41124-017-0029-9","article-title":"Design of the Prospective Real-world Outcomes Study of hepatic encephalopathy Patients\u2019 Experience on Rifaximin-\u03b1 (PROSPER): an observational study among 550 patients","volume":"3","author":"Krag","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology, Medicine and Policy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0238|cit238","unstructured":"Richard N Pilot J Holt A PROSPER: Prospective Real World Outcomes Study of Hepatic Encephalopathy Patients' Experience on Rifaximin-a (TARGAXAN\u00ae\/XIFAXAN\u00ae) 550 mg clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02488993"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0239|cit239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(20)31873-0","article-title":"PROSPER study reveals reduction in bed days per hospitalisation and decreased risk of mortality for patients observed on rifaximin-alpha 550mg compared to a cohort on standard of care","volume":"73","author":"Walker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0240|cit240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200012020-00012","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of hepatic encephalopathy: a double-blind, randomized, dose-finding multi-centre study","volume":"12","author":"Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0241|cit241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.11569\/wcjd.v24.i3.415","article-title":"Clinical effects of ornithine aspartate combined with rifaximin in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Chinese Journal of Digestology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0242|cit242","unstructured":"Rifaximin predicts the complications of decompensated cirrhosis: a randomized controlled trial clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02074280"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0243|cit243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/cdd.12294","article-title":"Does low-dose rifaximin ameliorate endotoxiemia in patients with liver cirrhosis: a prospective study","volume":"16","author":"Zeng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Digestive Diseases"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0244|cit244","unstructured":"Clinical study of rehoci combined with long-acting octreotide in reducing the risk of rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension www.chictr.org.cn\/showprojen.aspx?proj=30575"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0245|cit245","unstructured":"Effect of administration \"add on\" of Rifaximin on portal hypertension of patients with liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices in standard therapy with propranolol www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu\/ctr-search\/search?query=eudract_number:2014-000102-35"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0246|cit246","unstructured":"Rifaximin blunted higher levels of endotoxin in cirrhosis patients: a randomized, double blind, short term interventional trial - rifaximin in cirrhotic patient www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu\/ctr-search\/search?query=eudract_number:2017-000488-34"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0247|cit247","unstructured":"A multi-centre, double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial of Rifaximin to reduce infection in patients admitted to hospital with decompensated cirrhosis www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu\/ctr-search\/search?query=2016-002628-96"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0248|cit248","unstructured":"A multi-centre, double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial of Rifaximin to reduce infection in patients admitted to hospital with decompensated cirrhosis www.isrctn.com\/ISRCTN10994757"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0249|cit249","unstructured":"The efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of rifaximin In subjects with severe hepatic impairment and hepatic encephalopathy clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01846663"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0250|cit250","unstructured":"Effect of rifaximin on minimal hepatic encephalopathy and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT02439307"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0251|cit251","unstructured":"Effect of administration of rifaximin on the portal pressure of patients with liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices (ERASE) clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT02508623"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0252|cit252","unstructured":"A RCT comparing lactulose and rifaximin associated with a vegetable diet in the preventions of post-TIPS overt hepatic encephalopathy clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT02931123"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0253|cit253","unstructured":"Two strategies of primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in severe cirrhotic patients with ascites (ProPILARifax) clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03069131"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0254|cit254","unstructured":"Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy by administration of rifaximin and lactulose in patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a multi-centre randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial. The PEARL trial www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu\/ctr-search\/search?query=eudract_number:2018-004323-37"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0255|cit255","unstructured":"Prevention of post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy by administration of rifaximin and lactulose (PEARL) clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04073290"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0256|cit256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000531","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2020-000531","article-title":"Prevention of hepatic encephalopathy by administration of rifaximin and lactulose in patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS): a multicentre randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial (PEARL trial)","volume":"7","author":"Wit","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0257|cit257","unstructured":"Primary prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SIBOC) clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04775329"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0258|cit258","unstructured":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study to assess the efficacy and safety of rifaximin soluble solid dispersion (SSD) for the delay of encephalopathy decompensation in cirrhosis clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT05071716"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0259|cit259","unstructured":"Comparison between rifaximin vs lactulose for treatment of hepatic encephalopathy www.thaiclinicaltrials.org\/show\/TCTR20180509001"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0260|cit260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.08.008","article-title":"Altered microbiome in patients with cirrhosis and complications","volume":"17","author":"Acharya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0261|cit261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1023\/b:mebr.0000043975.01841.de","article-title":"Characteristics of minimal hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"19","author":"Amodio","year":"2004","journal-title":"Metabolic Brain Disease"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0262|cit262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2014.06.007","article-title":"Clinical neurophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"5","author":"Amodio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0263|cit263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.07.067","article-title":"Minimal hepatic encephalopathy and critical flicker frequency are associated with survival of patients with cirrhosis","volume":"149","author":"Ampuero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0264|cit264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1914900","article-title":"Acute-on-chronic liver failure","volume":"382","author":"Arroyo","year":"2020","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0265|cit265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2704","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i10.2704","article-title":"TIPS improves liver transplantation free survival in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Bai","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0266|cit266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01048.x","article-title":"Inhibitory control test is a simple method to diagnose minimal hepatic encephalopathy and predict development of overt hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"102","author":"Bajaj","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0267|cit267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.3609","article-title":"Minimal hepatic encephalopathy matters in daily life","volume":"14","author":"Bajaj","year":"2008","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0268|cit268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23128","article-title":"Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with motor vehicle crashes: the reality beyond the driving test","volume":"50","author":"Bajaj","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0269|cit269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.02.015","article-title":"Persistence of cognitive impairment after resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"138","author":"Bajaj","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0270|cit270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04257.x","article-title":"Predictors of the recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy in lactulose-treated patients","volume":"31","author":"Bajaj","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0271|cit271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04590.x","article-title":"Review article: the design of clinical trials in hepatic encephalopathy - an International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism (ISHEN) consensus statement","volume":"33","author":"Bajaj","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0272|cit272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.157","article-title":"The multi-dimensional burden of cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy on patients and caregivers","volume":"106","author":"Bajaj","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0273|cit273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-012-9303-0","article-title":"A longitudinal systems biology analysis of lactulose withdrawal in hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"27","author":"Bajaj","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metabolic Brain Disease"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0274|cit274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.12.019","article-title":"Altered profile of human gut microbiome is associated with cirrhosis and its complications","volume":"60","author":"Bajaj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0275|cit275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13435","article-title":"Review article: potential mechanisms of action of rifaximin in the management of hepatic encephalopathy and other complications of cirrhosis","volume":"43","author":"Bajaj","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0276|cit276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(21)01843-2","article-title":"Rifaximin and fecal microbiota transplant beneficially modulate gut metagenomic virulence factors in cirrhosis: analysis of two trials","volume":"75","author":"Bajaj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0277|cit277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02008.x","article-title":"Radiotracer imaging studies in hepatic encephalopathy: ISHEN practice guidelines","volume":"29","author":"Berding","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver International"},{"issue":"7443","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0278|cit278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(66)91573-x","article-title":"Treatment of chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy with lactulose","volume":"1","author":"Bircher","year":"1966","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0279|cit279","first-page":"1306","article-title":"1st use of lactitol in the treatment of porto-systemic encephalopathy","volume":"112","author":"Bircher","year":"1982","journal-title":"Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0280|cit280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2018.06.002","article-title":"Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in Hepatic Encephalopathy\u2014A Meta-Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Bjerring","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Experimental Hetatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0281|cit281","volume-title":"British National Formulary","author":"BMJ Group and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0282|cit282","unstructured":"Boutron I Page MJ Higgins JP Altman DG Lundh A Hr\u00f3bjartsson A Chapter 7: Considering bias and conflicts of interest among the included studies. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021 Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0283|cit283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38987.492014.94","article-title":"How to formulate research recommendations","volume":"333","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0284|cit284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80144-5","article-title":"Prognostic significance of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"30","author":"Bustamante","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0285|cit285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667 \u2013 70","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2014.106","article-title":"Rifaximin: beyond the traditional antibiotic activity","volume":"67","author":"Calanni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Antibiotics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0286|cit286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31708","article-title":"The use of rifaximin in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"74","author":"Caraceni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0287|cit287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28232","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000028232","article-title":"Is rifaximin better than nonabsorbable disaccharides in hepatic encephalopathy?: A meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0288|cit288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(77)80135-2","article-title":"Comparison of lactulose and neomycin in the treatment of chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy. A double blind controlled trial","volume":"72","author":"Conn","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0289|cit289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190014566312","article-title":"Treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy: comparing the effects of adding rifaximin to lactulose on patient outcomes","volume":"29","author":"Courson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0290|cit290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2019.02.003","article-title":"Brain edema in chronic hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"9","author":"Cudalbu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0291|cit291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.10.004","article-title":"Characteristics, risk factors, and mortality of cirrhotic patients hospitalized for hepatic encephalopathy with and without acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF)","volume":"60","author":"C\u00f3rdoba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0292|cit292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01320309","article-title":"Survival and prognostic indicators in compensated and decompensated cirrhosis","volume":"31","author":"D'Amico","year":"1986","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0293|cit293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.10.013","article-title":"Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies","volume":"44","author":"D\u2019Amico","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"2(2):CD008716","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0294|cit294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008716.pub3","article-title":"Probiotics for people with hepatic encephalopathy","author":"Dalal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0295|cit295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2001.02487.x","article-title":"Prevalence and natural history of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis","volume":"16","author":"Das","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0296|cit296","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Deeks","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0297|cit297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.08.047","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of treatment option for minimal hepatic encephalopathy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Dhiman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0298|cit298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1159\/000458722","article-title":"Hospitalizations due to cirrhosis: clinical aspects in a large cohort of Italian patients and cost analysis report","volume":"35","author":"Di Pascoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0299|cit299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28799","article-title":"Genomic characterization of stool microbiota with rifaximin monotherapy versus lactulose combination therapy for prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) recurrence","volume":"64","author":"DuPont","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0300|cit300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3081","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003081","article-title":"Systematic review of the empirical evidence of study publication bias and outcome reporting bias","volume":"3","author":"Dwan","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0301|cit301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27210","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver","volume":"60","author":"Vilstrup","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0302|cit302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.06.001","article-title":"EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"77","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"7121","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0303|cit303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7121.1533","article-title":"Meta-analysis: principles and procedures","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0304|cit304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2020.01.006","article-title":"The health care burden of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"24","author":"Elsaid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinics in Liver Disease"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0305|cit305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i8.767","article-title":"Rifaximin vs. conventional oral therapy for hepatic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Eltawil","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0306|cit306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00159","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000159","article-title":"Psychological burden of hepatic encephalopathy on patients and caregivers","volume":"11","author":"Fabrellas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0307|cit307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14109","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of long-term antibiotic treatments in the primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"39","author":"Facciorusso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver International"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0308|cit308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v12.i5.239","article-title":"Systemic review and network meta-analysis: Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"12","author":"Faust","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0309|cit309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.31250","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy--definition, nomenclature, diagnosis, and quantification: final report of the working party at the 11th World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998","volume":"35","author":"Ferenci","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0310|cit310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S238","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-019-09936-5","article-title":"The efficacy of rifaximin plus lactulose versus lactulose alone in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy among patients with decompensated chronic liver disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Fidel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology International"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0311|cit311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175628481880030","DOI":"10.1177\/1756284818800307","article-title":"Rifaximin has the potential to prevent complications of cirrhosis","volume":"11","author":"Flamm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0312|cit312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-017-0770-6","article-title":"Incidence of hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) according to its severity and temporal grading classification","volume":"122","author":"Fonio","year":"2017","journal-title":"La Radiologia medica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0313|cit313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0267647","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267647","article-title":"Combination therapy with rifaximin and lactulose in hepatic encephalopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"17","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0314|cit314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16825","article-title":"Review article: post-TIPSS hepatic encephalopathy-current knowledge and future perspectives","volume":"55","author":"Gairing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0315|cit315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003044.pub3","article-title":"Non-absorbable disaccharides versus placebo\/no intervention and lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis","author":"Gluud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"5(5):CD001939","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0316|cit316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001939.pub4","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acids for people with hepatic encephalopathy","author":"Gluud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"11-12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0317|cit317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14361","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: rifaximin for the prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis","volume":"46","author":"Goel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0318|cit318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012410.pub2","article-title":"L-ornithine L-aspartate for prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis","author":"Goh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0319|cit319","unstructured":"GRADEpro Brozek J Oxman A Sch\u00fcnemann H Grade Working Group 2008"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0320|cit320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-8278(00)80243-3","article-title":"Subclinical hepatic encephalopathy impairs daily functioning","volume":"28","author":"Groeneweg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0321|cit321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1097\/SGA.0000000000000286","article-title":"Overt hepatic encephalopathy experienced by individuals with cirrhosis: a qualitative interview study","volume":"41","author":"Gr\u00f8nkj\u00e6r","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology Nursing"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0322|cit322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02030.x","article-title":"Neurophysiological investigations of hepatic encephalopathy: ISHEN practice guidelines","volume":"29","author":"Gu\u00e9rit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Liver International"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0323|cit323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.696065","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rifaximin versus placebo or other active drugs in critical ill patients with hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0324|cit324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774508091600","article-title":"Imputation methods for missing outcome data in meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"5","author":"Higgins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Trials"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0325|cit325","unstructured":"Higgins JP Churchill R Chandler J Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 5.2.0 (updated June 2017), Cochrane, 2017 Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0326|cit326","unstructured":"Higgins JP Eldridge S Chapter 23: Including variants on randomized trials. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021 Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0327|cit327","unstructured":"Higgins JP Savovi\u0107 J Page MJ Elbers RG Sterne JA Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in a randomized trial. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021 Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0328|cit328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05576-9","article-title":"Increasing burden of hepatic encephalopathy among hospitalized adults: an analysis of the 2010-2014 National Inpatient Sample","volume":"64","author":"Hirode","year":"2019","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0329|cit329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-2036.2007.03464.x","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness and budget impact of competing therapies in hepatic encephalopathy - a decision analysis","volume":"26","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0330|cit330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001311","article-title":"Long-term management of hepatic encephalopathy with lactulose and\/or rifaximin: a review of the evidence","volume":"31","author":"Hudson","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0331|cit331","unstructured":"International Council for Harmonisation of technical requirements for pharmaceuticals for human use (ICH) ICH Harmonised Guideline. Integrated addendum to ICH E6(R1): guideline for good clinical practice E6(R2) database.ich.org\/sites\/default\/files\/E6_R2_Addendum.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0332|cit332","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26509-y","article-title":"Combining amplicon sequencing and metabolomics in cirrhotic patients highlights distinctive microbiota features involved in bacterial translocation, systemic inflammation and hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"8","author":"Iebba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0333|cit333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-120","article-title":"Thresholds for statistical and clinical significance in systematic reviews with meta-analytic methods","volume":"14","author":"Jakobsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Medical Research Methodology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0334|cit334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.03.014","article-title":"Heretical thoughts into hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"77","author":"Jalan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0335|cit335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23500","article-title":"Clinical course of alcoholic liver cirrhosis: a Danish population-based cohort study","volume":"51","author":"Jepsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0336|cit336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012734","article-title":"Aminoglycosides and metronidazole for people with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy","author":"Jeyaraj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0337|cit337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328302f470","article-title":"Rifaximin versus nonabsorbable disaccharides in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Jiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0338|cit338","first-page":"25","article-title":"Review of the treatment options for chronic constipation","volume":"9","author":"Johanson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medscape General Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0339|cit339","unstructured":"Johnston BC Patrick DL Devji T Maxwell LJ Bingham III CO Beaton D Chapter 18: Patient-reported outcomes. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021 Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0340|cit340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X16644249","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of rifaximin-\u03b1 administration for the reduction of episodes of overt hepatic encephalopathy in recurrence compared with standard treatment in France","volume":"9","author":"Kabeshova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0341|cit341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000940","article-title":"Rifaximin for the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Kamal","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0342|cit342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12803","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: the effects of rifaximin in hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"40","author":"Kimer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0343|cit343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.30957","article-title":"Critical flicker frequency for quantification of low-grade hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"35","author":"Kircheis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0344|cit344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.08.003","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy and fitness to drive","volume":"137","author":"Kircheis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0345|cit345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013125.pub2","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in people with liver cirrhosis: a network meta-analysis","author":"Komolafe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0346|cit346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-011-9242-1","article-title":"Critical flicker frequency and continuous reaction times for the diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy: a comparative study of 154 patients with liver disease","volume":"26","author":"Lauridsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metabolic Brain Disease"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0347|cit347","volume-title":"The measurement of adult intelligence","author":"Lawton","year":"1939"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0348|cit348","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9442-4","article-title":"Hospitalizations during the use of rifaximin versus lactulose for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"52","author":"Leevy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0349|cit349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S218405","article-title":"Use of quantiative modelling to elucidate the roles of the liver, gut, kidney, and muscle in ammonia homeostasis and how lactulose and rifaximin alter this homeostasis","volume":"12","author":"Levitt","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of General Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0350|cit350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.06.048","article-title":"Effect of poorly absorbable antibiotics on hepatic venous pressure gradient in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Mendoza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Digestive and Liver Disease"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0351|cit351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450119666180924145156","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of rifaximin in prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Menshawy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0352|cit352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2147\/CEG.S58952","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerance of lactitol supplementation for adult constipation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0353|cit353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1023\/b:mebr.0000043977.11113.2a","article-title":"Methods for diagnosing hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a multidimensional approach","volume":"19","author":"Montagnese","year":"2004","journal-title":"Metabolic Brain Disease"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0354|cit354","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15756","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i42.15756","article-title":"Covert hepatic encephalopathy: agreement and predictive validity of different indices","volume":"20","author":"Montagnese","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0355|cit355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-018-1019-y","article-title":"Impact of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis on Quality-of-Life Issues","volume":"79","author":"Montagnese","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0356|cit356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002008","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of lactulose and rifaximin on patient-reported outcomes in hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"118","author":"Moon","year":"2023","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0357|cit357","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-015-9726-5","article-title":"Qualifying and quantifying minimal hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"31","author":"Morgan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolic Brain Disease"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0358|cit358","first-page":"Chapter 10","volume-title":"Sherlock's Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System","author":"Morgan","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0359|cit359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28S","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.30.pt2.28S","article-title":"Pharmacoeconomics of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"30","author":"Neff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0360|cit360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S30675","article-title":"Update on the management of cirrhosis - focus on cost-effective preventative strategies","volume":"5","author":"Neff","year":"2013","journal-title":"ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0361|cit361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-018-0641-6","article-title":"Systematic review of the economic burden of overt hepatic encephalopathy and pharmacoeconomic impact of rifaximin","volume":"36","author":"Neff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0362|cit362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280508","article-title":"Portosystemic hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in patients with cirrhosis: clinical, laboratory, psychometric, and electroencephalographic investigations","volume":"28","author":"Nolte","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0363|cit363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92920-W","article-title":"Regional cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in patients with chronic liver disease","volume":"337","author":"O'Carroll","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0364|cit364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.06.034","article-title":"Health related quality of life in people with advanced chronic liver disease","volume":"61","author":"Orr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0365|cit365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03394.x","article-title":"Development of a clinical hepatic encephalopathystaging scale","volume":"26","author":"Ortiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology& Therapeutics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0366|cit366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.MR000035.pub2","article-title":"Bias due to selective inclusion and reporting of outcomes and analyses in systematic reviews of randomised trials of healthcare interventions","author":"Page","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0367|cit367","unstructured":"Page MJ Higgins JP Sterne JA Chapter 13: Assessing risk of bias due to missing results in a synthesis. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021 Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0368|cit368","first-page":"n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0369|cit369","first-page":"n160","article-title":"PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0370|cit370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-017-4630-y","article-title":"A new look at precipitants of overt hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis","volume":"62","author":"Pantham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0371|cit371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(57)90005-3","article-title":"The electroencephalograph in liver disease","volume":"273","author":"Parsons-Smith","year":"1957","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0372|cit372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.06.039","article-title":"Covert and overt hepatic encephalopathy: diagnosis and management","volume":"13","author":"Patidar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0373|cit373","unstructured":"Peryer G Golder S Junqueira D Vohra S Loke YK Chapter 19: Adverse effects. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021 Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0374|cit374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.51821\/84.2.333","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver cirrhosis: systematic review","volume":"84","author":"Pimentel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Gastro-enterologica Belgica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0375|cit375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-6342.2006.03215.x","article-title":"Review article: the burden of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"25","author":"Poordad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"issue":"7516","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0376|cit376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13568","article-title":"Alterations of the human gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis","volume":"513","author":"Qin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0377|cit377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(21)01843-2","article-title":"Rifaximin for prophylaxis of post-TIPPS hepatic encephalopathy-a meta analysis","volume":"75","author":"Razzack","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0378|cit378","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1037\/h0044509","article-title":"The relation of the trail making test to organic brain damage","volume":"19","author":"Reitan","year":"1955","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0379|cit379","unstructured":"Review Manager (RevMan) The Cochrane Collaboration 2014"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0380|cit380","unstructured":"Review Manager Web (RevMan Web) Cochrane Collaboration 2020"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0381|cit381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199008000-00016","article-title":"Effect of lactitol and lactulose administration on the fecal flora in cirrhotic patients","volume":"12","author":"Riggio","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0382|cit382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.02102.x","article-title":"Incidence, natural history, and risk factors of hepatic encephalopathy aftertransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt with polytetrafluoroethylenecoveredstent grafts","volume":"103","author":"Riggio","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0383|cit383","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.413","article-title":"Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with falls","volume":"106","author":"Roman","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0384|cit384","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.04130.x","article-title":"Subclinicalhepatic encephalopathy predicts the development of overt hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"96","author":"Romero- G\u00f3mez","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0385|cit385","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.07.013","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy: Novel insights into classification, pathophysiology and therapy","volume":"73","author":"Rose","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"6260","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0386|cit386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.282.6260.263","article-title":"20-year prospective study of cirrhosis","volume":"282","author":"Saunders","year":"1981","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0387|cit387","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta16350","article-title":"Influence of reported study design characteristics on intervention effect estimates from randomised controlled trials: combined analysis of meta-epidemiological studies","volume":"16","author":"Savovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Technology Assessment"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0388|cit388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx344","article-title":"Association between risk-of-bias assessments and results of randomized trials in Cochrane Reviews: The ROBES meta-epidemiologic study","volume":"187","author":"Savovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0389|cit389","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1159\/000081990.","article-title":"Rifaximin, a poorly absorbed antibiotic: pharmacology and clinical potential","volume":"51","author":"Scarpignato","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0390|cit390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1011610427843","article-title":"Neuropsychological aspects of portal-systemic encephalopathy","volume":"13","author":"Schomerus","year":"1998","journal-title":"Metabolic Brain Disease"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0391|cit391","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000494216","article-title":"Long-term effect of rifaximin with and without lactulose on the active bacterial assemblages in the proximal small bowel and faeces in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy.","volume":"37","author":"Schulz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0392|cit392","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann HJ Higgins JP Vist GE Glasziou P Akl EA Skoetz N Chapter 14: Completing \u2018Summary of findings\u2019 tables and grading the certainty of the evidence. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.2 (updated February 2021). Cochrane, 2021 Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0393|cit393","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14054","article-title":"Nationwide estimates and risk factors of hospital readmission in patients with cirrhosis in the United States","volume":"39","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Liver International"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0394|cit394","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.02.022","article-title":"Critical flicker frequency: diagnostic tool for minimal hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"47","author":"Sharma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0395|cit395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.05.056","article-title":"Secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy: an open-label randomized controlled trial of lactulose versus placebo","volume":"137","author":"Sharma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0396|cit396","first-page":"220","article-title":"Prevalence of abnormal psychometric tests and critical flicker frequency after clinical recovery of overt hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"58","author":"Sharma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0397|cit397","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2019.06.002","article-title":"Factors affecting psychological burden on the informal caregiver of patients with cirrhosis: looking beyond the patient","volume":"10","author":"Shrestha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0398|cit398","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(11)63955-3","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy of rifaximin and non-absorbable disaccharides in management of hepatic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis","volume":"140","author":"Shukla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0399|cit399","first-page":"S356","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of rifaximin\/alpha versus lactulose in preventing recurrent episodes of overt hepatic encephalopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"75","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0400|cit400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-020-10025-1","article-title":"Antibiotics for prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: systematic review & Bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Soni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology International"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0401|cit401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.05.016","article-title":"In-hospital mortality and economic burden associated with hepatic encephalopathy in the United States from 2005 to 2009","volume":"10","author":"Stepanova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0402|cit402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366\u201371","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21129","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy as a predictor of survival inpatients with end-stage liver disease","volume":"13","author":"Stewart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Liver Transplantation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0403|cit403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.08.041","article-title":"A quality improvement initiative reduces 30-day rate of readmission for patients with cirrhosis","volume":"14","author":"Tapper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0404|cit404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1425","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors for hepatic encephalopathy in a population-based cohort of Americans with cirrhosis","volume":"3","author":"Tapper","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology Communications"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0405|cit405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15749","article-title":"Outcomes after hepatic encephalopathy in population-based cohorts of patients with cirrhosis","volume":"51","author":"Tapper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alimetary Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0406|cit406","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91639-0","article-title":"Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale","volume":"2","author":"Teasdale","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0407|cit407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.013","article-title":"The microbiota in cirrhosis and its role in hepatic decompensation","volume":"75","author":"Trebicka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"8575-6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0408|cit408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(88)91033-1","article-title":"New mode of action for lactulose","volume":"1","author":"Leeuwen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0409|cit409","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-196509000-00001","article-title":"The acquired (non-Wilsonian) type of chronic hepatocerebral degeneration","volume":"44","author":"Victor","year":"1965","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0410|cit410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S172324","article-title":"Combination of rifaximin and lactulose improves clinical efficacy and mortality in patients with hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0411|cit411","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001446","article-title":"Norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and rifaximin for the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a network meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0412|cit412","first-page":"259","article-title":"Nitrogen in fecal bacterial, fibre, and soluble fractions ofpatients with cirrhosis: effects of lactulose and lactuloseplus neomycin","volume":"110","author":"Banwell","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0413|cit413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-8278(98)80289-4","article-title":"The number connection tests A and B: interindividual variability and use for the assessment of early hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"28","author":"Weissenborn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0414|cit414","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00026-5","article-title":"Neuropsychological characterization of hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"34","author":"Weissenborn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0415|cit415","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-018-1018-z","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathy: definition, clinical grading and diagnostic principles","volume":"79","author":"Weissenborn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0416|cit416","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454\u201361","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23981","article-title":"Hepatic encephalopathyis associated with significantly increased mortalityamong patients awaiting liver transplantation","volume":"20","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0417|cit417","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/236963","article-title":"Rifaximin versus non-absorbable disaccharides for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis","volume":"2013","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology Research and Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0418|cit418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13830","article-title":"Letter: stepwise diagnosis in covert hepatic encephalopathy - critical flicker frequency and MELD-score as a first-step approach. Replication and pitfalls","volume":"45","author":"Zacharias","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"6(6) CD012334","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0419|cit419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012334.pub2","article-title":"Pharmacotherapies that specifically target ammonia for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in adults with cirrhosis","author":"Zacharias","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0420|cit420","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13122","article-title":"Systematic review with network meta-analysis: the comparative effectiveness and safety of interventions in patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"41","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0421|cit421","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2016.03.007","article-title":"Efficient synthesis and activity of beneficial intestinal flora of two lactulose-derived oligosaccharides","volume":"114","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemisttry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0422|cit422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2018.08.023","article-title":"Early-recurrent overt hepatic encephalopathy is associated with reduced survival in cirrhotic patients after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation","volume":"30","author":"Zuo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0423|cit423","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/ygh2.207","article-title":"Effects of rifaximin versus nonabsorbable disaccharides in hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"1","author":"Zhuo","year":"2019","journal-title":"GastroHep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2-BIB0424|cit424","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011585","article-title":"Rifaximin for people with hepatic encephalopathy","author":"Kimer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T04:35:03Z","timestamp":1729830903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD011585.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]},"references-count":424,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd011585.pub2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]]}}}