{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T01:01:45Z","timestamp":1784509305967,"version":"3.55.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd012178","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000}}],"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd012178.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T06:45:22Z","timestamp":1745822722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Lutein and zeaxanthin for reducing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Yao Mun","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke Xin","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics; University of Malaya Medical Centre; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Fiander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cochrane Neonatal Group; Halifax, NS Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azanna","family":"Ahmad Kamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengku Ain","family":"Kamalden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics; Monash University; Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Monash Newborn; Monash Children's Hospital; Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nai Ming","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine; Taylor's University; Subang Jaya Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.783801","article-title":"Effects of lutein supplementation on biological antioxidant status in preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"26","author":"Costa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2011","article-title":"Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation in preterm infants to prevent retinopathy of prematurity: a randomized controlled study","volume":"25","author":"Dani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1321494","article-title":"Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation in preterm very low-birth-weight neonates in neonatal intensive care units: a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Manzoni","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2011.607618","article-title":"A prospective, randomized, double blind study comparing lutein to placebo for reducing occurrence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"24","author":"Romagnoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2011.87","article-title":"Effect of carotenoid supplementation on plasma carotenoids, inflammation and visual development in preterm infants","volume":"32","author":"Rubin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-009-0047-5","article-title":"Serum lutein concentrations in healthy term infants fed human milk or infant formula with lutein","volume":"49","author":"Bettler","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.5996","article-title":"Plasma carotenoid concentrations of infants are increased by feeding a milk-based infant formula supplemented with carotenoids","volume":"93","author":"Mackey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.4997","article-title":"Lutein + zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids for age-related macular degeneration: the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) randomized clinical trial","volume":"309","author":"Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Research Group","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ANC.0000338015.25911.8a","article-title":"Oxygen free radicals: effects in the newborn period","volume":"8","author":"Baba","year":"2008","journal-title":"Advances in Neonatal Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F182","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313880","article-title":"Incidence of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis in high-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"103","author":"Battersby","year":"2018","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","volume-title":"Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development","author":"Bayley","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197801000-00001","article-title":"Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging","volume":"187","author":"Bell","year":"1978","journal-title":"Annals of Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2006.05.007","article-title":"The role of nutrition in the prevention and management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"30","author":"Biniwale","year":"2006","journal-title":"Seminars in Perinatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2010.06.019","article-title":"Dose-dependent response of serum lutein and macular pigment optical density to supplementation with lutein esters","volume":"504","author":"Bone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003665","article-title":"Vitamin E supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants","author":"Brion","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2007.01.020","article-title":"Anti-oxidant strategies","volume":"12","author":"Buonocore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1951.tb109040.x","article-title":"Intensive oxygen therapy as a possible cause of retrolental fibroplasia; a clinical approach","volume":"2","author":"Campbell","year":"1951","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1971.tb50548.x","article-title":"Retrolental fibroplasia","volume":"2","author":"Campbell","year":"1971","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0258(20010215)20:3<391::aid-sim800>3.0.co;2-z","article-title":"Cluster trials in implementation research: estimation of intracluster correlation coefficients and sample size","volume":"20","author":"Campbell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000230.pub6","article-title":"Zinc supplementation for improving pregnancy and infant outcome","author":"Carducci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.4117","article-title":"Crystalline maculopathy associated with high-dose lutein supplementation","volume":"134","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2020.1712700","article-title":"Lutein supplementation and retinopathy of prematurity: a meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Cota","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F269","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.88.4.f269","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of preterm brain injury","volume":"88","author":"Counsell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","unstructured":"Covidence Veritas Health Innovation 2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003312","article-title":"Selenium supplementation to prevent short-term morbidity in preterm neonates","author":"Darlow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F117","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.056440","article-title":"Vitamin C supplementation in very preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"90","author":"Darlow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000501.pub4","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short- and long-term morbidity in very low birthweight infants","author":"Darlow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111719","article-title":"Nutritional strategies for preterm neonates and preterm neonates undergoing surgery: new insights for practice and wrong beliefs to uproot","volume":"16","author":"De Rose","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3607","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25163607","article-title":"Zeaxanthin and lutein: photoprotectors, anti-inflammatories, and brain food","volume":"25","author":"Demmig-Adams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","first-page":"1702","article-title":"Acuity card assessment of visual function in the cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity trial","volume":"31","author":"Dobson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","unstructured":"EndNote The EndNote Team Clarivate 2013"},{"issue":"1 Spec No","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.68.1_spec_no.58","article-title":"Diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus in the preterm newborn","volume":"68","author":"Evans","year":"1993","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000254.pub4","article-title":"Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration","author":"Evans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(82)90197-0","article-title":"New visual acuity charts for clinical research","volume":"94","author":"Kassoff","year":"1982","journal-title":"American Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-828610","article-title":"Oxidative and inflammatory parameters in respiratory distress syndrome of preterm newborns: beneficial effects of melatonin","volume":"21","author":"Gitto","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2003.12355.x","article-title":"Dietary lutein\/zeaxanthin decreases ultraviolet B-induced epidermal hyperproliferation and acute inflammation in hairless mice","volume":"121","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Investigative Dermatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.72","article-title":"Final visual acuity results in the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity study","volume":"128","author":"Good","year":"2010","journal-title":"Archives of Opthalmology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","unstructured":"GRADE pro GDT McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2004.03.003","article-title":"Multicenter trial of early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity: study design","volume":"25","author":"Hardy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Controlled Clinical Trials"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Altman DG, Sterne JA, editor(s). Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JP, Churchill R, Chandler J, Cumpston MS, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.2.0 (updated June 2017). Cochrane, 2017 Available from training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/archive\/v5.2"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","unstructured":"Higgins JP Thomas J Chandler J Cumpston M Li T Page MJ Welch VA Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.4 (updated August 2023). Cochrane, 2023 Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000366.pub4","article-title":"Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome","author":"Howlett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s10024-002-0602-z","article-title":"Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: clinical considerations and pathogenetic concepts","volume":"6","author":"Hsueh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatric and Developmental Pathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-023-05619-3","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis: current understanding of the prevention and management","volume":"40","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatric Surgery International"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7210548","article-title":"Association of human milk feedings with a reduction in retinopathy of prematurity among very low birthweight infants","volume":"21","author":"Hylander","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.7.991","article-title":"The International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity revisited","volume":"123","author":"International Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2011060","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"163","author":"Jobe","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12133","article-title":"Role of lutein and zeaxanthin in visual and cognitive function throughout the lifespan","volume":"72","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrition Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.10.014","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a review of pathogenesis and pathophysiology","volume":"132","author":"Kalikkot Thekkeveedu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respiratory Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5476","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0194","article-title":"Chronic ingestion of (3R,3'R,6'R)-lutein and (3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin in the female rhesus macaque","volume":"47","author":"Khachik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.10.004","article-title":"Photooxidation of A2-PE, a photoreceptor outer segment fluorophore, and protection by lutein and zeaxanthin","volume":"82","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122380","article-title":"Pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: role of oxidative stress from 'omics' studies","volume":"11","author":"Kimble","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F49","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.048785","article-title":"Do hyperoxaemia and hypocapnia add to the risk of brain injury after intrapartum asphyxia?","volume":"90","author":"Klinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.23.011702.073307","article-title":"Biologic mechanisms of the protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin in the eye","volume":"23","author":"Krinsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annual Review of Nutrition"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10111672","article-title":"Oxidative stress in preterm newborns","volume":"10","author":"Lembo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0056|cit56","first-page":"81","article-title":"Benign carotenemia in children","volume":"35","author":"Leung","year":"1989","journal-title":"Canadian Family Physician"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000100","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"6","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLOS Medicine"},{"issue":"8730","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)93304-8","article-title":"Breast milk and neonatal necrotising enterocolitis","volume":"336","author":"Lucas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0059|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1287","article-title":"Machine learning for identifying randomized controlled trials: an evaluation and practitioner's guide","volume":"9","author":"Marshall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Research Synthesis Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370219891971","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis: it's not all in the gut","volume":"245","author":"Meister","year":"2020","journal-title":"Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"62","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040827","article-title":"Lutein and zeaxanthin and their roles in age-related macular degeneration-neurodegenerative disease","volume":"14","author":"Mrowicka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"14(11)","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0063|cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32007","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.32007","article-title":"A Review on the incidence and related risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity across various countries","volume":"29","author":"Nair","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0064|cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.05.048","article-title":"Improving the Neonatal Research Network annual certification for neurologic examination of the 18-22 month child","volume":"161","author":"Newman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0065|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.08.008","article-title":"Cochrane Centralised Search Service showed high sensitivity identifying randomized controlled trials: a retrospective analysis","volume":"127","author":"Noel-Storr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0066|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.09.024","article-title":"Citation screening using crowdsourcing and machine learning produced accurate results: evaluation of Cochrane's modified Screen4Me service","volume":"130","author":"Noel-Storr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196702162760701","article-title":"Pulmonary disease following respirator therapy of hyaline-membrane disease. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"276","author":"Rosan","year":"1967","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0068|cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(78)80282-0","article-title":"Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage: a study of infants with birth weights less than 1,500 gm","volume":"92","author":"Papile","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0070|cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-024-02785-1","article-title":"Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation improves dynamic visual and cognitive performance in children: a randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study","volume":"41","author":"Parekh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Advances in Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0071|cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1159\/000227291","article-title":"Effects of lutein on oxidative stress in the term newborn: a pilot study","volume":"97","author":"Perrone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781454","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/781454","article-title":"Lipid and protein oxidation in newborn infants after lutein administration","volume":"2014","author":"Perrone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721043","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/721043","article-title":"Antioxidant strategies and respiratory disease of the preterm newborn: an update","volume":"2014","author":"Poggi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1104","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0147","article-title":"Epidemiology and diagnosis of health care-associated infections in the NICU","volume":"129","author":"Polin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.08.064","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines and antioxidants in midtrimester amniotic fluid: correlation with pregnancy outcome","volume":"204","author":"Pressman","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001073.pub2","article-title":"D-Penicillamine for preventing retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants","author":"Qureshi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.08.011","article-title":"Safety assessment of lutein and zeaxanthin (Lutemax 2020): subchronic toxicity and mutagenicity studies","volume":"49","author":"Ravikrishnan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0078|cit78","unstructured":"Review Manager (RevMan) The Cochrane Collaboration 2024"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0079|cit79","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Sahni","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2493","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of an antioxidant, lutein, during retinal inflammation","volume":"50","author":"Sasaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0081|cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1159\/000047031","article-title":"Chronic lung disease: the role of oxidative stress","volume":"74","author":"Saugstad","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biology of the Neonate"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0082|cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1159\/000087586","article-title":"Oxidative stress in the newborn--a 30-year perspective","volume":"88","author":"Saugstad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biology of the Neonate"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1974","article-title":"Randomized trial of donor human milk versus preterm formula as substitutes for mothers' own milk in the feeding of extremely premature infants","volume":"116","author":"Schanler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0084|cit84","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann H Bro\u017cek J Guyatt G Oxman A Handbook for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using the GRADE approach (updated October 2013). GRADE Working Group, 2013 Available from gdt.guidelinedevelopment.org\/app\/handbook\/handbook.html"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0085|cit85","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann HJ Higgins JP Vist GE Glasziou P Akl EA Skoetz N Guyatt GH Chapter 14: Completing \u2018Summary of findings\u2019 tables and grading the certainty of the evidence. In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.4 (updated August 2023). Cochrane, 2023 Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0086|cit86","unstructured":"Screen4Me training.cochrane.org\/online-learning\/good-practice-resources-cochrane-authors\/screen4me"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0087|cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.05.018","article-title":"Diet carotenoid lutein modulates the expression of genes related to oxygen transporters and decreases DNA damage and oxidative stress in mice","volume":"70","author":"Serpeloni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0088|cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.192914","article-title":"Lutein supplementation increases breast milk and plasma lutein concentrations in lactating women and infant plasma concentrations but does not affect other carotenoids","volume":"144","author":"Sherry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"6398","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0089|cit89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/359843a0","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor induced by hypoxia may mediate hypoxia-initiated angiogenesis","volume":"359","author":"Shweiki","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0090|cit90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2959","article-title":"Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD Neonatal Research Network","volume":"126","author":"Stoll","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0091|cit91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001968","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase for preventing chronic lung disease in mechanically ventilated preterm infants","author":"Suresh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0092|cit92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F447","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2008.153577","article-title":"Loss of triglycerides and carotenoids in human milk after processing","volume":"94","author":"Tacken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0093|cit93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1986.tb03932.x","article-title":"Assessment of visual acuity in infants and children: the acuity card procedure","volume":"28","author":"Teller","year":"1986","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0094|cit94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-9422","article-title":"The precarious antioxidant defenses of the preterm infant","volume":"17","author":"Thibeault","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Perinatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0095|cit95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.11.003","article-title":"Machine learning reduced workload with minimal risk of missing studies: development and evaluation of a randomized controlled trial classifier for Cochrane Reviews","volume":"133","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0096|cit96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200868090-00004","article-title":"Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns: pathogenesis, prevention and management","volume":"68","author":"Thompson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0097|cit97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470050604","article-title":"Late neurosonographic screening is important to the diagnosis of periventricular leukomalacia and ventricular enlargement in preterm infants","volume":"29","author":"Townsend","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatric Radiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0098|cit98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000389","article-title":"Lutein and preterm infants with decreased concentrations of brain carotenoids","volume":"59","author":"Vishwanathan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0099|cit99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmab071","article-title":"The effect of lutein\/zeaxanthin intake on human macular pigment optical density: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0100|cit100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/523027","article-title":"Management of ocular diseases using lutein and zeaxanthin: what have we learned from experimental animal studies?","volume":"2015","author":"Xue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0101|cit101","first-page":"25","article-title":"Possible influences of lutein and zeaxanthin on the developing retina","volume":"1","author":"Zimmer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2-BIB0102|cit102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012178","article-title":"Lutein and zeaxanthin for reducing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants","author":"Choo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:04:59Z","timestamp":1784505899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD012178.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Central Editorial Service","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd012178.pub2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]}}}