{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T18:39:12Z","timestamp":1767724752479,"version":"build-2238731810"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd012566","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586390400000}}],"reference-count":150,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd012566.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T21:58:40Z","timestamp":1586383120000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Rinse-free hand wash for reducing absenteeism among preschool and school children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Zachary","family":"Munn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Adelaide; Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences; 55 King William Road Adelaide South Australia Australia 5005"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catalin","family":"Tufanaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macquarie University; Australian Institute of Health Innovation; 75 Talavera Rd Sydney New South Wales (NSW) Australia 2113"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Lockwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Adelaide; Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences; 55 King William Road Adelaide South Australia Australia 5005"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Adelaide; Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences; 55 King William Road Adelaide South Australia Australia 5005"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"McAneney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen's University Belfast; Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences; 97 Lisburn Road Health Sciences Building Belfast UK BT9 7BL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy H","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Adelaide; Joanna Briggs Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences; 55 King William Road Adelaide South Australia Australia 5005"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1097\/inf.0000000000000040","article-title":"Effectiveness of a multifactorial handwashing program to reduce school absenteeism due to acute gastroenteritis","volume":"33","author":"Azor-Martinez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12454","article-title":"Hand hygiene program decreases school absenteeism due to upper respiratory infections","volume":"86","author":"Azor-Martinez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of School health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2014.02.017","article-title":"The impact of common infections on school absenteeism during an academic year","volume":"42","author":"Azor-Martinez","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20181245","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-1245","article-title":"Effectiveness of a hand hygiene program at child care centers: a cluster randomized trial","volume":"142","author":"Azor-Martinez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","unstructured":"NCT03294772 Impact of a multifactorial program of hand hygiene on infections in children attending in day-care centres clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT03294772"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.3967\/bes2015.109","article-title":"Effects of multiple cleaning and disinfection interventions on infectious diseases in children: a group randomized trial in China","volume":"28","author":"Ban","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomedical and Environmental Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0376","article-title":"Effectiveness of a behavior change intervention with hand sanitizer use and respiratory hygiene in reducing laboratory-confirmed influenza among schoolchildren in Bangladesh: a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"101","author":"Biswas","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1590\/s1020-49892012000600005","article-title":"A cluster-randomized controlled trial of handrubs for prevention of infectious diseases among children in Colombia","volume":"31","author":"Correa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica [Pan American Journal of Public Health]"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","unstructured":"Silver S Cochrane systematic review on rinse-free handwash [personal communication] Email to: JC Correa"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A2884","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_MeetingAbstracts.A2884","article-title":"Is a school-based hand washing and hand sanitizer program effective in reducing asthma exacerbations among elementary school children?","volume":"185","author":"Gerald","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.08.031","article-title":"Can a school-based hand hygiene program reduce asthma exacerbations among elementary school children?","volume":"130","author":"Gerald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A2883","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_MeetingAbstracts.A2883","article-title":"Effect of supplying schools with soap and hand sanitizer in a controlled school-based hand hygiene trial to reduce respiratory infections","volume":"185","author":"Harrington","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A2461","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_MeetingAbstracts.A2461","article-title":"Impact of a school-based environmental hand hygiene intervention for children with asthma: potential bias in a cross-over design","volume":"185","author":"Harrington","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","unstructured":"Silver S Cochrane systematic review on rinse-free handwash [personal communication] Email to: LB Gerald"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-12-52","article-title":"Hand hygiene instruction decreases illness-related absenteeism in elementary schools: a prospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Lau","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.01057.x","article-title":"Alcohol-based hand-disinfection reduced children's absence from Swedish day care centers","volume":"97","author":"Lennell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","unstructured":"Silver S Cochrane systematic review on rinse-free handwash [personal communication] Email to: A Lennell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1177\/10598405040200030601","article-title":"Healthy hands: use of alcohol gel as an adjunct to handwashing in elementary school children","volume":"20","author":"Morton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of School Nursing"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2011.08.020","article-title":"Appropriate time-interval application of alcohol hand gel on reducing influenza-like illness among preschool children: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Pandejpong","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0008","article-title":"Access to waterless hand sanitizer improves student hand hygiene behavior in primary schools in Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"89","author":"Pickering","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181f3882a","article-title":"Reducing gastroenteritis occurrences and their consequences in elementary schools with alcohol-based hand sanitizers","volume":"29","author":"Prazuck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-11-7","article-title":"Hand sanitisers for reducing illness absences in primary school children in New Zealand: a cluster randomised controlled trial study protocol","volume":"11","author":"McKenzie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001700","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001700","article-title":"Hand sanitiser provision for reducing illness absences in primary school children: a cluster randomised trial","volume":"11","author":"Priest","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1555","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2597","article-title":"Reducing absenteeism from gastrointestinal and respiratory illness in elementary school students: a randomized, controlled trial of an infection-control intervention","volume":"121","author":"Sandora","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","unstructured":"Silver S Cochrane systematic review on rinse-free handwash [personal communication] Email to: TJ Sandora"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2008.00291.x","article-title":"Inexpensive and time-efficient hand hygiene interventions increase elementary school children's hand hygiene rates","volume":"78","author":"Snow","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Journal of School Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3182218656","article-title":"Reduction in the incidence of influenza A but not influenza B associated with use of hand sanitizer and cough hygiene in schools: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Stebbins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0b013e3181e83f42","article-title":"The effect of grade on compliance using nonpharmaceutical interventions to reduce influenza in an urban elementary school setting","volume":"17","author":"Stebbins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0b013e3181cb4368","article-title":"Compliance with a multilayered nonpharmaceutical intervention in an urban elementary school setting","volume":"16","author":"Stebbins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199908000-00004","article-title":"An open randomized controlled trial of infection prevention in child day-care centers","volume":"18","author":"Uhari","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","unstructured":"Silver S Cochrane systematic review on rinse-free handwash [personal communication] Email to: JA Vessey"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","first-page":"368","article-title":"Comparing hand washing to hand sanitizers in reducing elementary school students' absenteeism","volume":"33","author":"Vessey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatric Nursing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1177\/10598405010170050401","article-title":"Reduction of illness absenteeism in elementary schools using an alcohol-free instant hand sanitizer","volume":"17","author":"White","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of School Nursing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2013.213","article-title":"Improving service delivery of water, sanitation, and hygiene in primary schools: a cluster-randomized trial in western Kenya","volume":"11","author":"Alexander","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Water and Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2018.10.23344","article-title":"The importance of hand hygiene education on primary schoolgirls' absence due to upper respiratory infections in Saudi Arabia. A cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Alzaher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi Medical Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-019-01310-4","article-title":"Effect of a theory-based hand hygiene educational intervention for enhancing behavioural outcomes in Ghanaian schools: a cluster-randomised controlled trial","volume":"65","author":"Appiah-Brempong","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S1130-8621(18)30031-7","article-title":"Arbi Care application increases preschool children's hand-washing self-efficacy among preschool children","volume":"28 Suppl 1","author":"Arbianingsih","year":"2018","journal-title":"Enfermeria Clinica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12392","article-title":"The effect of therapeutic clowning on handwashing technique and microbial colonization in preschool children","volume":"50","author":"Arikan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing Scholarship"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1108\/09654281011008717","article-title":"Handwashing programme in kindergarten: a pilot study","volume":"110","author":"Au","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114863","article-title":"Diarrheal illness among infants and toddlers in day care centers: effects of active surveillance and staff training without subsequent monitoring","volume":"127","author":"Bartlett","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113112","article-title":"Handwashing to prevent diarrhea in day-care centers","volume":"113","author":"Black","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyv019","article-title":"Process evaluation of a multi-component intervention to reduce infectious diseases and improve hygiene and well-being among school children: the Hi Five study","volume":"30","author":"Bonnesen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Education Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.1166","article-title":"A cluster-randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of a handwashing-promotion program in Chinese primary schools","volume":"76","author":"Bowen","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1080\/02508060.2017.1335140","article-title":"Assessing the environmental context of hand washing among school children in Limpopo, South Africa","volume":"42","author":"Bulled","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water International"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-6553(90)90248-q","article-title":"Occurrence of infectious symptoms in children in day care homes","volume":"18","author":"Butz","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199905000-00005","article-title":"Effectiveness of a training program in reducing infections in toddlers attending day care centers","volume":"10","author":"Carabin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12360","article-title":"Assessing the impact of a school-based latrine cleaning and handwashing program on pupil absence in Nyanza Province, Kenya: a cluster-randomized trial","volume":"19","author":"Caruso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine & International Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15040570","article-title":"Design, intervention fidelity, and behavioral outcomes of a school-based water, sanitation, and hygiene cluster-randomized trial in Laos","volume":"15","author":"Chard","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"020402","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.09.020402","article-title":"Impact of a school-based water, sanitation, and hygiene intervention on school absence, diarrhea, respiratory infection, and soil-transmitted helminths: results from the WASH HELPS cluster-randomized trial","volume":"9","author":"Chard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Global Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","unstructured":"ChiCTR1900023346 A kindergarten based, family involved intervention to improve children's hand hygiene behavior: a cluster-randomized controlled trial www.chictr.org.cn\/showproj.aspx?proj=36296"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2017.10.021","article-title":"Importance of implementation level when evaluating the effect of the Hi Five intervention on infectious illness and illness-related absenteeism","volume":"46","author":"Denbaek","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001686","article-title":"Effect evaluation of a randomized trial to reduce infectious illness and illness-related asenteeism among schoolchildren: the Hi Five study","volume":"37","author":"Denbaek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2019.101731","article-title":"School-based, blacklight handwashing program can improve handwashing quality and knowledge among pre-school aged children","volume":"78","author":"Dingman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evaluation and Program Planning"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0964","article-title":"School children\u2019s intestinal parasite and nutritional status one year after complementary school garden, nutrition, water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in Burkina Faso","volume":"97","author":"Erismann","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/bin.1684","article-title":"Effects of a handwashing intervention package on handwashing in preschool children","volume":"34","author":"Jess","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behavioral Interventions"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0760","article-title":"Hand-washing and diapering equipment reduces disease among children in out-of-home child care centers","volume":"120","author":"Kotch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12645","DOI":"10.1166\/asl.2017.10836","article-title":"The increased knowledge of handwashing on elementary school students due to education about handwashing with donkey bridge","volume":"23","author":"Kusbaryanto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advanced Science Letters"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0058|cit58","first-page":"4396","article-title":"Hand-hygiene and sickness among small children attending day care centers. An intervention study","volume":"161","author":"Ladegaard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ugeskrift for Laeger"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0059|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e030656","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-030656","article-title":"Effect of a simple intervention on hand hygiene related diseases in preschools in South Africa: research protocol for an intervention study","volume":"9","author":"Lange","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.03.023","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of a simplified handwashing program for improvement in hand hygiene and reduction of school absenteeism among children with intellectual disability","volume":"43","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4094\/chnr.2019.25.2.123","article-title":"Development and effects of a hand-washing program using role-playing for preschool children","volume":"25","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child Health Nursing Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2018.08.009","article-title":"A hand hygiene intervention to decrease hand, foot and mouth disease and absence due to sickness among kindergarteners in China: a cluster-randomized controlled trial","volume":"78","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Infection"},{"issue":"9481","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0063|cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66912-7","article-title":"Effect of handwashing on child health: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"366","author":"Luby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0064|cit64","first-page":"630","article-title":"Effects of an influenza prevention program using non-pharmaceutical prevention measures to improve the knowledge, attitudes and practices of elementary schools in Nakhon Phanom Province, Thailand","volume":"44","author":"Mangklakeeree","year":"2013","journal-title":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0065|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.5372\/1905-7415.0803.307","article-title":"Effectiveness of influenza control using non-pharmaceutical interventions at primary schools in Nakhon Phanom Province, Northeast Thailand","volume":"8","author":"Mangklakeree","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Biomedicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0066|cit66","first-page":"336","article-title":"Scheduled hand washing in an elementary school population","volume":"29","author":"Master","year":"1997","journal-title":"Family Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.06.009","article-title":"Effect of a school-based hand hygiene program for Malawian children: a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"Mbakaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0068|cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2019.08.017","article-title":"Does a playful intervention promote hand hygiene? Compliance and educator's beliefs about hand hygiene at a daycare center","volume":"51","author":"Mendes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3329\/bjms.v17i1.35283","article-title":"Effects of \"bacterfree hand intervention\" on the knowledge, attitude of handwashing and its technique, among pre-schoolers in Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia","volume":"17","author":"Mohamed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0070|cit70","unstructured":"Mohamed NA Mohd Rani MD Tengku Jamaluddin TZM Ismail Z Ramli S Faroque H Effect of hand hygiene intervention on the absenteeism of pre-school children in Klang Valley, Malaysia: a quasi-experimental study World Journal of Pediatrics 10.1007\/s12519-019-00283-x"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0071|cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2019.01277","article-title":"Effectiveness of comprehensive hand hygiene module on pre-school children in Klang Valley, Malaysia","volume":"63","author":"Mohd Rani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2009.06.012","article-title":"Mandatory handwashing in elementary schools reduces absenteeism due to infectious illness among pupils: a pilot intervention study","volume":"37","author":"Nandrup-Bus","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2010.10.023","article-title":"Comparative studies of hand disinfection and handwashing procedures as tested by pupils in intervention programs","volume":"39","author":"Nandrup-Bus","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12254","article-title":"An investigation of the effects of a hand washing intervention on health outcomes and school absence using a randomised trial in Indian urban communities","volume":"19","author":"Nicholson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine & International Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1136\/ebm.11.3.88","article-title":"A handwashing intervention in a low income community in the developing world reduced disease incidence in children","volume":"11","author":"Nnoaham","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1177\/1059840518785447","article-title":"Comparison of interactive education versus fluorescent concretization on hand hygiene compliance among primary school students: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"\u00d6ncu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of School Nursing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.11.014","article-title":"A program to improve the hand hygiene compliance of Hong Kong preschoolers with an insight into their absenteeism","volume":"47","author":"Or","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0078|cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2150132719901209","article-title":"Can flu-like absenteeism in kindergartens be reduced through hand hygiene training for both parents and their kindergarteners?","volume":"11","author":"Or","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Primary Care & Community Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0079|cit79","first-page":"514","article-title":"Handwashing and body hygiene: infections in childhood are significantly reduced","volume":"26","author":"Panknin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Kinderkrankenschwester: Organ der Sektion Kinderkrankenpflege"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/00970050.1987.10615980","article-title":"Handwashing practices among various school age students","volume":"17","author":"Pete","year":"1987","journal-title":"Health Education"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0081|cit81","unstructured":"Planet Water Foundation Planet Water Foundation: an impact evaluation report www.planet-water.org"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0082|cit82","first-page":"19","article-title":"Short-term effects of hygiene education for preschool (kindergarten) children: a clinical study","volume":"5","author":"Ramseier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2013.07.013","article-title":"Impact of an educational intervention upon the hand hygiene compliance of children","volume":"85","author":"Randle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Hospital Infection"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0084|cit84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.4.738","article-title":"Effect of infection control measures on the frequency of upper respiratory infection in child care: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"105","author":"Roberts","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0085|cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2005.09.012","article-title":"Can a handwashing intervention make a difference? Results from a randomized controlled trial in Jerusalem preschools","volume":"42","author":"Rosen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0086|cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.4278\/ajhp.081104-QUAN-265","article-title":"Enabling hygienic behavior among preschoolers: improving environmental conditions through a multifaceted intervention","volume":"25","author":"Rosen","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Health Promotion"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0087|cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774506070690","article-title":"Design of the Jerusalem handwashing study: meeting the challenges of a preschool-based public health intervention trial","volume":"3","author":"Rosen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Trials"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0088|cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0387","article-title":"Impact of regular soap provision to primary schools on hand washing and E coli hand contamination among pupils in Nyanza province, Kenya: a cluster-randomized trial","volume":"89","author":"Saboori","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0089|cit89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.94.6.1030a","article-title":"Hand-washing and infection-control in day-care centers","volume":"94","author":"Soto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0090|cit90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1704.101353","article-title":"Effects of hand hygiene campaigns on incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza and absenteeism in schoolchildren, Cairo, Egypt","volume":"17","author":"Talaat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0091|cit91","first-page":"181","article-title":"Impact of a school-based water, sanitation and hygiene program on diarrhea, respiratory infections and absenteeism: a longitudinal evaluation","volume":"91 Suppl 5","author":"Trinies","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0092|cit92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.abstract2016","article-title":"Effect of a combined hardware and behavior change intervention on handwashing behaviors in primary school children: the Povu Poa school pilot study","volume":"95 Suppl 5","author":"Wichaidit","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0093|cit93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2015.1024138","article-title":"Improving hand hygiene behaviour among adolescents by a planning intervention","volume":"20","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychology, Health & Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0094|cit94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881400329X","article-title":"A hand hygiene intervention to reduce infections in child daycare: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"143","author":"Zomer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0095|cit95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816000911","article-title":"Improving hand hygiene compliance in child daycare centres: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"144","author":"Zomer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0096|cit96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-259","article-title":"A hand hygiene intervention to decrease infections among children attending day care centers: design of a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Zomer","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0097|cit97","first-page":"1","article-title":"Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 1996","volume":"200","author":"Adams","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vital and Health Statistics. Series 10, Data from the National Health Survey"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0098|cit98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.124610","article-title":"Effect of hand hygiene on infectious disease risk in the community setting: a meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Aiello","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0099|cit99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12454","article-title":"Hand hygiene program decreases school absenteeism due to upper respiratory infections","volume":"86","author":"Azor-Martinez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of School Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0100|cit100","unstructured":"Barker TH Inclusion of your study in systematic review [personal communication] Email to: E Azor-Martinez"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0101|cit101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3038","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7083038","article-title":"Can intensive use of alcohol-based hand rubs lead to passive alcoholization?","volume":"7","author":"Bessonneau","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0102|cit102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1086\/501785","article-title":"Skin irritation and dryness associated with two hand-hygiene regimens: soap-and-water hand washing versus hand antisepsis with an alcoholic hand gel","volume":"21","author":"Boyce","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infection Control"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0103|cit103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyce JM Pittet D Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee HICPAC\/SHEA\/APIC\/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force Guideline for hand hygiene in health-care settings. Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC\/SHEA\/APIC\/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America\/Association for Professionals in Infection Control\/Infectious Diseases Society of America Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Recommendations and Reports 2002 1 45","DOI":"10.1086\/503164"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0104|cit104","unstructured":"Chang HN Romero M Present, engaged, and accounted for: the critical importance of addressing chronic absence in the early grades National Center for Children in Poverty Report 2008 1 32"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0105|cit105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.7758\/9781610441377","article-title":"Potentials and limitations of research synthesis","volume-title":"The Handbook of Research Synthesis","author":"Cooper","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0106|cit106","unstructured":"Veritas Health Innovation Covidence systematic review software 2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0107|cit107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/105477389300200104","article-title":"Effectiveness of a handwashing program","volume":"2","author":"Day","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clinical Nursing Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0108|cit108","unstructured":"Deeks JJ Higgins JP Altman DG Chapter 9: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from handbook.cochrane.org"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0109|cit109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/s0196-6553(98)80011-4","article-title":"Effect of several interventions on the frequency of handwashing among elementary public school children","volume":"26","author":"Early","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0110|cit110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0111|cit111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004265.pub3","article-title":"Hand washing promotion for preventing diarrhoea","author":"Ejemot-Nwadiaro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0112|cit112","first-page":"757","article-title":"Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children: improving water supplies and excreta disposal facilities","volume":"63","author":"Esrey","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health organization"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0113|cit113","unstructured":"Glo Germ Company Glow Germ TM www.glogerm.com"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0114|cit114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.3102\/0162373709342467","article-title":"Excused versus unexcused: how student absences in elementary school affect academic achievement","volume":"31","author":"Gottfried","year":"2009","journal-title":"Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0115|cit115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005186.pub4","article-title":"Interventions to improve hand hygiene compliance in patient care","author":"Gould","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0116|cit116","unstructured":"GRADE Working Group, McMaster University GRADEpro GDT 2014"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0117|cit117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/s0196-6553(97)90092-4","article-title":"Who washes hands after using the bathroom?","volume":"25","author":"Guinan","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0118|cit118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1067\/mic.2002.120366","article-title":"The effect of a comprehensive handwashing program on absenteeism in elementary schools","volume":"30","author":"Guinan","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0119|cit119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guolo A Varin C Random-effects meta-analysis: the number of studies matters Statistical Methods in Medical Research 2017 1500 1518 10.1177\/0962280215583568","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280215583568"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0120|cit120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200206000-00002","article-title":"Interventional study to evaluate the impact of an alcohol-based hand gel in improving hand hygiene compliance","volume":"21","author":"Harbarth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0121|cit121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.07.025","article-title":"Infection control measures for norovirus: a systematic review of outbreaks in semi-enclosed settings","volume":"74","author":"Harris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Hospital Infection"},{"issue":"9351","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0122|cit122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12162-9","article-title":"The common cold","volume":"361","author":"Heikkinen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0123|cit123","unstructured":"Higgins JP Altman DG Sterne JA Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from handbook.cochrane.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0124|cit124","unstructured":"Higgins JP Deeks JJ Altman DG Chapter 16: Special topics in statistics. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from handbook.cochrane.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0125|cit125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2007.07.017","article-title":"How effective are hand antiseptics for the postcontamination treatment of hands when used as recommended?","volume":"36","author":"Kampf","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0126|cit126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14-6, 18","DOI":"10.1177\/105984059601200204","article-title":"Handwashing education can decrease illness absenteeism","volume":"12","author":"Kimel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of School Nursing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0127|cit127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/00220671.1996.9941321","article-title":"Evidence of student attendance as an independent variable in education production functions","volume":"89","author":"Lamdin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0128|cit128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2010.00546.x","article-title":"A review of gastrointestinal outbreaks in schools: effective infection control interventions","volume":"80","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of School Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0129|cit129","unstructured":"Lefebvre C Manheimer E Glanville J Chapter 6: Searching for studies. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from handbook.cochrane.org"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0130|cit130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.1.9908118","article-title":"Availability of an alcohol solution can improve hand disinfection compliance in an intensive care unit","volume":"162","author":"Maury","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0131|cit131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-4-50","article-title":"A systematic review of the effectiveness of antimicrobial rinse-free hand sanitizers for prevention of illness-related absenteeism in elementary school children","volume":"4","author":"Meadows","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0132|cit132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b2535","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"339","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0133|cit133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.1992.tb06031.x","article-title":"Handwashing makes a difference","volume":"62","author":"Monsma","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of School Health"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0134|cit134","article-title":"Fixed-effects and random-effects models","volume-title":"Users' Guide to the Medical Literature: A Manual for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice","author":"Murad","year":"2015"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0135|cit135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra021771","article-title":"How contagious are common respiratory tract infections?","volume":"348","author":"Musher","year":"2003","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0136|cit136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.10.986","article-title":"Illness among schoolchildren during influenza season: effect on school absenteeism, parental absenteeism from work, and secondary illness in families","volume":"156","author":"Neuzil","year":"2002","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0137|cit137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/s0891-5245(97)90141-3","article-title":"Proper handwashing promotes wellness in child care","volume":"11","author":"Niffenegger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Health Care"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0138|cit138","unstructured":"Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5) 2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0139|cit139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200104000-00004","article-title":"Evidence base of incubation periods, periods of infectiousness and exclusion policies for the control of communicable diseases in schools and preschools","volume":"20","author":"Richardson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0140|cit140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0199","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of a multifaceted intervention including alcohol-based hand sanitizer and hand-hygiene education to reduce illness transmission in the home","volume":"116","author":"Sandora","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0141|cit141","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann HJ Oxman AD Vist GE Higgins JP Deeks JJ Glasziou P Chapter 12: Interpreting results and drawing conclusions. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from handbook.cochrane.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0142|cit142","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann H Bro\u017cek J Guyatt G Oxman A Handbook for Grading the Quality of Evidence and the Srrength of Recommendations for using the GRADE Approach (updated October 2013) Available from gdt.guidelinedevelopment.org\/app\/handbook\/handbook.html"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0143|cit143","unstructured":"Silver S Cochrane systematic review on rinse-free handwash [personal communication] Email to: JA Vessey"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0144|cit144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0b013e3181cb4368","article-title":"Compliance with a multilayered nonpharmaceutical intervention in an urban elementary school setting","volume":"16","author":"Stebbins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health Management and Practice"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0145|cit145","unstructured":"Sterne JA Egger M Moher D Chapter 10: Addressing reporting biases. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from handbook.cochrane.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0146|cit146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-10-37","article-title":"Making trials matter: pragmatic and explanatory trials and the problem of applicability","volume":"10","author":"Treweek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0147|cit147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000065","article-title":"Fixed or random effects meta-analysis? Common methodological issues in systematic reviews of effectiveness","volume":"13","author":"Tufanaru","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Evidence-based Healthcare"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0148|cit148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12015","article-title":"Hand hygiene to reduce community transmission of influenza and acute respiratory tract infection: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Warren-Gash","year":"2013","journal-title":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0149|cit149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-308875","article-title":"Effectiveness of hand hygiene interventions in reducing illness absence among children in educational settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"Willmott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2-BIB0150|cit150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012566","article-title":"Rinse-free hand wash for reducing absenteeism among school- and preschool-aged children","author":"Munn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T18:43:03Z","timestamp":1666291383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD012566.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]},"references-count":150,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd012566.pub2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]}}}