{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:54:35Z","timestamp":1793321675110,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd012880","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583884800000}}],"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd012880.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T06:54:35Z","timestamp":1583909675000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":189,"title":["Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step programs for alcohol use disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"John F","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Recovery Research Institute, Center for Addiction Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Humphreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs and Stanford University Medical Centers; Stanford University Stanford School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marica","family":"Ferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Best practices, knowledge exchange and economic issues; European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction; Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Using recovering alcoholics to help hospitalized patients with alcohol problems","volume":"50","author":"Blondell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Family Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2011.554777","article-title":"A randomized trial of two behavioral interventions to improve outcomes following inpatient detoxification for alcohol dependence","volume":"30","author":"Blondell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Addictive Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2013.12.009","article-title":"12-step facilitation for the dually diagnosed: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"46","author":"Bogenschutz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.4546","article-title":"Relative efficacy of mindfulness-based relapse prevention, standard relapse prevention, and treatment as usual for substance use disorders: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"71","author":"Bowen","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-120020519","article-title":"Comparing treatments for dual diagnosis: twelve-step and self-management and recovery training","volume":"29","author":"Brooks","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00101.x","article-title":"Process and outcome changes with relapse prevention versus 12-step aftercare programs for substance abusers","volume":"976","author":"Brown","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(02)00227-1","article-title":"A trial of 'standard' outpatient alcoholism treatment vs. a minimal treatment control","volume":"23","author":"Davis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2017.07.012","article-title":"Intensive referral to mutual-help groups: a field trial of adaptations for rural veterans","volume":"101","author":"Grant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Patient Education and Counseling"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291740","article-title":"Longitudinal effects of integrated treatment on alcohol use for persons with serious mental illness and substance use disorders","volume":"27","author":"Herman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.47.7.709","article-title":"Reduced substance-abuse-related health care costs among voluntary participants in Alcoholics Anonymous","volume":"47","author":"Humphreys","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.4.736","article-title":"Motivational enhancement for 12-step involvement among patients undergoing alcohol detoxification","volume":"72","author":"Kahler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2009.01.004","article-title":"Effectiveness of making alcoholics anonymous easier: a group format 12-step facilitation approach","volume":"37","author":"Kaskutas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13920","article-title":"A pilot randomized clinical trial testing integrated 12-step facilitation (iTSF) treatment for adolescent substance use disorder","volume":"112","author":"Kelly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.75.4.542","article-title":"Changing network support for drinking: initial findings from the network support project","volume":"75","author":"Litt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015252","article-title":"Changing network support for drinking: Network Support Project 2-year follow-up","volume":"77","author":"Litt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.010","article-title":"Network Support II: randomized controlled trial of Network Support treatment and cognitive behavioral therapy for alcohol use disorder","volume":"165","author":"Litt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019943","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of an integrated treatment for depression and substance use disorders","volume":"24","author":"Lydecker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.05.004","article-title":"Does active referral by a doctor or 12-step peer improve 12-step meeting attendance? Results from a pilot randomised control trial","volume":"126","author":"Manning","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2000.9579993.x","article-title":"Alcoholism treatment and medical care costs from Project MATCH","volume":"95","author":"Holder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1998.93913133.x","article-title":"Network support for drinking, Alcoholics Anonymous and long-term matching effects","volume":"93","author":"Longabaugh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1997.58.7","article-title":"Matching alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: Project MATCH posttreatment drinking outcomes","volume":"58","author":"Project MATCH Research Group","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03912.x","article-title":"Matching alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: Project MATCH three-year drinking outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Project MATCH Research Group","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1998.59.631","article-title":"Matching alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: treatment main effects and matching effects on drinking during treatment","volume":"59","author":"Project MATCH Research Group","journal-title":"1998"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1996.57.604","article-title":"Issues in the implementation of a randomized clinical trial that includes Alcoholics Anonymous: studying AA-related behaviors during treatment","volume":"57","author":"McCrady","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.949138110.x","article-title":"Maintaining change after conjoint behavioral alcohol treatment for men: Outcomes at 6 months","volume":"94","author":"McCrady","year":"1999","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.5.870","article-title":"Alcoholics Anonymous and relapse prevention as maintenance strategies after conjoint behavioral alcohol treatment for men: 18-Month outcomes","volume":"72","author":"McCrady","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.05.002","article-title":"12-step participation reduces medical use costs among adolescents with a history of alcohol and other drug treatment","volume":"126","author":"Mundt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","first-page":"711","article-title":"Can encouraging substance abuse patients to participate in self-help groups reduce demand for health care? A quasi-experimental study","volume":"25","author":"Humphreys","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00273.x","article-title":"Encouraging posttreatment self-help group involvement to reduce demand for continuing care services: two-year clinical and utilization outcomes","volume":"31","author":"Humphreys","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohlism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006X.65.2.230","article-title":"Twelve-step and cognitive-behavioral treatment for substance abuse: A comparison of treatment effectiveness","volume":"65","author":"Ouimette","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.04.007","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of intensive referral to 12-step self-help groups: One-year outcomes","volume":"90","author":"Timko","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01391.x","article-title":"Intensive referral to 12-step self-help groups and 6-month substance use disorder outcomes","volume":"101","author":"Timko","year":"2006","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.03.019","article-title":"Intensive referral to 12-step dual-focused mutual-help groups","volume":"118","author":"Timko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12471","article-title":"Motivational intervention to enhance post-detoxification 12-step group affiliation: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"109","author":"Vederhus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02467.x","article-title":"Facilitating involvement in alcoholics anonymous during out-patient treatment: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"104","author":"Walitzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.08.003","article-title":"Alcohol-adapted anger management treatment: a randomized controlled trial of an innovative therapy for alcohol dependence","volume":"59","author":"Walitzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.02.004","article-title":"A longitudinal study of the comparative efficacy of Women for Sobriety, LifeRing, SMART Recovery, and 12-step groups for those with AUD","volume":"88","author":"Zemore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990601174758","article-title":"Comparison of Health Realization and 12-step treatment in women's residential substance abuse treatment programs","volume":"33","author":"Banerjee","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0614-0","article-title":"Correlates of alcoholics anonymous affiliation among justice-involved women","volume":"18","author":"Hailemariam","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Women's Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022608","article-title":"Implementation of evidence-based substance use disorder continuing care interventions","volume":"25","author":"Lash","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2012.09.008","article-title":"Contracting, prompting and reinforcing substance use disorder continuing care","volume":"44","author":"Lash","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X07306745","article-title":"An exploration of the effect of on-site 12-step meetings on post-treatment outcomes among polysubstance-dependent outpatient clients","volume":"31","author":"Laudet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Evaluation Review"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.50.12.1577","article-title":"Outcomes of four treatment approaches in community residential programs for patients with substance use disorders","volume":"50","author":"Moos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatry Services"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2013.01.015","article-title":"Synergy between seeking safety and twelve-step affiliation on substance use outcomes for women","volume":"45","author":"Morgan-Lopez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agl122","article-title":"The impact of self-help group attendance on relapse rates after alcohol detoxification in a controlled study","volume":"42","author":"Mueller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohol and Alcoholism"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1177\/104973102237469","article-title":"Motivational interviewing to encourage self-help participation following alcohol detoxification","volume":"12","author":"Schilling","year":"2002","journal-title":"Research on Social Work Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00327.x","article-title":"Two-year outcome of alcohol interventions in Swedish university halls of residence: a cluster randomized trial of a brief skills training program, twelve-step-influenced intervention, and controls","volume":"31","author":"St\u00e5hlbrandt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/07347321003648596","article-title":"12-step therapy and women with and without social phobia: a study of the effectiveness of 12-step therapy to facilitate alcoholics anonymous engagement","volume":"28","author":"Tonigan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1300\/J233v06n02_04","article-title":"Response of Native American clients to three treatment methods for alcohol dependence","volume":"6","author":"Villanueva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199109123251105","article-title":"A randomized trial of treatment options for alcohol-abusing workers","volume":"325","author":"Walsh","year":"1991","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","volume-title":"Alcoholics Anonymous: The Story of How Thousands of Men and Women have Recovered from Alcoholism","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","volume-title":"One Big Tent","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0054|cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0055|cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f8g M Filges T Br\u00e4nnstr\u00f6m L J\u00f8rgensen AM Fredriksson MK 12-step programs for reducing illicit drug use: a systematic review Cambell Systematic Reviews 2017 2 10.4073\/csr.2017.2","DOI":"10.4073\/csr.2017.2"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0056|cit56","first-page":"73","article-title":"Prevalence, trends, and incidence of alcohol withdrawal symptoms: analysis of general population and clinical samples","volume":"22","author":"Caetano","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol Health and Research World"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198529446.001.0001","volume-title":"Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes","author":"Drummond","year":"2005"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000246209.18777.14","article-title":"Trends in the adoption of medication for alcohol dependence","volume":"26","author":"Ducharme","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0059|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199702000-00021","article-title":"Practical guidelines for performing alcohol interventions in trauma centers","volume":"42","author":"Dunn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0060|cit60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462305050324","article-title":"Criteria list for assessment of methodological quality of economic evaluations: Consensus on Health Economic Criteria","volume":"21","author":"Evers","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0061|cit61","unstructured":"GRADEpro GDT GRADE Working Group, McMaster University 2015"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0062|cit62","unstructured":"Hedden SL Kennet J Lipari R Medley G Tice P Copello EA Behavioral health trends in the United States: results from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/NSDUH-FRR1-2014\/NSDUH-FRR1-2014.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0063|cit63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02898508","article-title":"Immediate outcomes of substance use treatment within a state psychiatric hospital","volume":"24","author":"Herman","year":"1197","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Health Administration"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0064|cit64","unstructured":"Higgins JP Green S Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from handbook.cochrane.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0065|cit65","unstructured":"Higgins JP Deeks JJ Altman DG Chapter 16: Special topics in statistics. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from handbook.cochrane.org"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0066|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089409047392","article-title":"Cultural adaptations of Alcoholics Anonymous to serve Hispanic populations","volume":"29","author":"Hoffman","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of the Addictions"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2000.9579993.x","article-title":"Alcoholism treatment and medical care costs from Project MATCH","volume":"95","author":"Holder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0068|cit68","first-page":"165","article-title":"Are twelve step programs appropriate for disenfranchised groups? Evidence from a study of posttreatment mutual help group involvement","volume":"11","author":"Humphreys","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prevention in Human Services"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0069|cit69","first-page":"93","article-title":"Professional interventions that facilitate 12-step self-help group involvement","volume":"23","author":"Humphreys","year":"1999","journal-title":"Alcohol Health and Research World"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0070|cit70","first-page":"711","article-title":"Can encouraging substance abuse patients to participate in self-help groups reduce demand for health care? A quasi-experimental study","volume":"25","author":"Humphreys","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0071|cit71","volume-title":"Circles of Recovery: Self-Help Organizations for Addictions","author":"Humphreys","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00273.x","article-title":"Encouraging posttreatment self-help group involvement to reduce demand for continuing care services: two-year clinical and utilization outcomes","volume":"31","author":"Humphreys","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alcohlism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12557","article-title":"Estimating the efficacy of Alcoholics Anonymous without self-selection bias: an instrumental variables re-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"38","author":"Humphreys","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.15288\/jsas.1981.s9.143","article-title":"Acculturation, alcoholism, and Indian-style Alcoholics Anonymous","volume":"S9","author":"Jilek-Aall","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/10550880902772464","article-title":"Alcoholics Anonymous effectiveness: faith meets science","volume":"28","author":"Kaskutas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Addictive Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.t01-1-00294.x","article-title":"Major depression in patients with substance use disorders: Relationships to 12-step self-help involvement and substance use outcomes","volume":"98","author":"Kelly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(03)00053-9","article-title":"Self-help for substance-use disorders: history, effectiveness, knowledge gaps, and research opportunities","volume":"23","author":"Kelly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0078|cit78","first-page":"797","volume-title":"Research on alcoholism: Alcoholics Anonymous and spiritual aspects of recovery","author":"Kelly","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0079|cit79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1080\/16066350902770458","article-title":"How do people recover from alcohol dependence? A systematic review of the research on mechanisms of behavior change in Alcoholics Anonymous","volume":"17","author":"Kelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Addiction Research & Theory"},{"issue":"2-4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1080\/1556035X.2012.705646","article-title":"Broadening the base of addiction mutual-help organizations","volume":"7","author":"Kelly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Groups in Addiction and Recover"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0081|cit81","first-page":"500","volume-title":"Addictions: A Comprehensive Guidebook","author":"Kelly","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0082|cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.006","article-title":"The twelve promises of Alcoholics Anonymous: psychometric validation and mediational testing as a 12-step specific mechanism of behavior change","volume":"133","author":"Kelly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0083|cit83","first-page":"321","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Addiction: A Practical Guide for Counsellors","author":"Kelly","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0084|cit84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agu066","article-title":"Do drug dependent patients attending Alcoholics Anonymous rather than Narcotics Anonymous do as well? A prospective, lagged, matching analysis","volume":"49","author":"Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol and Alcoholism"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0085|cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13590","article-title":"Is Alcoholics Anonymous religious, spiritual, neither? Findings from 25 years of mechanisms of behavior change research","volume":"112","author":"Kelly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0086|cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13604","article-title":"Beyond abstinence: changes in indices of quality of life with time in recovery in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults","volume":"42","author":"Kelly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0087|cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2015.1028699","article-title":"Service delivery and pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder in the era of health reform: data from a national sample of treatment organizations","volume":"37","author":"Knudsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Substance Abuse"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0088|cit88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000100","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"6","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0089|cit89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1998.93913133.x","article-title":"Network support for drinking, Alcoholics Anonymous and long-term matching effects","volume":"93","author":"Longabaugh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0090|cit90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00216.x","article-title":"Alcohol consumption, alcoholics anonymous membership, and homicide mortality rates in Ontario 1968 to 1991","volume":"30","author":"Mann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0091|cit91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2006.67.445","article-title":"Alcohol consumption, alcoholics anonymous membership, and suicide mortality rates, Ontario, 1968-1991","volume":"67","author":"Mann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0092|cit92","volume-title":"Relapse Prevention: Maintenance Strategies in the Treatment of Addictive Behaviors","author":"Marlatt","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0093|cit93","volume-title":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Project MATCH Monograph Series Volume 8","volume":"8","author":"Project MATCH","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0094|cit94","volume-title":"Research on Alcoholics Anonymous: Opportunities and Alternatives","author":"McCrady","year":"1993"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0095|cit95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198001000-00006","article-title":"An improved diagnostic instrument for substance abuse patients: the addiction severity index","volume":"168","author":"McLellan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous & Mental Diseases"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0096|cit96","volume-title":"The Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC): An Instrument for Assessing Adverse Consequences of Alcohol Abuse: Test Manual","volume":"4, Project MATC","author":"Miller","year":"1995"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0097|cit97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLos Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0098|cit98","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of the Surgeon General Facing addiction in America: the surgeon general\u2019s spotlight on opioids addiction.surgeongeneral.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/Spotlight-on-Opioids_09192018.pdf"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0099|cit99","unstructured":"Room R Makela P Schmidt L Rehm J Alcohol, Health Disparities and Development www.robinroom.net\/Alchealth.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0100|cit100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2014.11.011","article-title":"Diagnoses associated with the greatest years of potential life lost for in-hospital deaths in the United States, 1988-2010","volume":"129","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0101|cit101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.05.031","article-title":"2010 National and State Costs of Excessive Alcohol Consumption","volume":"49","author":"Sacks","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0102|cit102","unstructured":"Schunemann H Brozek J Guyatt G Oxman A Handbook for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using the GRADE approach (updated October 2013). GRADE Working Group, 2013 Available from gdt.guidelinedevelopment.org\/app\/handbook\/handbook.html"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0103|cit103","unstructured":"Shemilt I Mugford M Byford S Drummond M Eisenstein E Knapp M Chapter 15: Incorporating economics evidence. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from handbook.cochrane.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0104|cit104","unstructured":"Shemilt I Mugford M Byford S Drummond M Eisenstein E Knapp M Chapter 15: Incorporating economics evidence. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from handbook.cochrane.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0105|cit105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E109","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd11.130293","article-title":"Contribution of excessive alcohol consumption to deaths and years of potential life lost in the United States","volume":"11","author":"Stahre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Preventing Chronic Disease"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0106|cit106","unstructured":"Sterne JAC Egger M Chapter 10: Addressing reporting biases. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention. Available from handbook.cochrane.org"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0107|cit107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919.","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0108|cit108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14268","article-title":"AA attendance and abstinence for dually diagnosed patients: a meta-analytic review","volume":"113","author":"Tonigan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0109|cit109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/1556035X.2012.705719","article-title":"New addiction recovery support institutions: Mobilizing support beyond professional addiction treatment and recovery mutual aid","volume":"7","author":"White","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0110|cit110","volume-title":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: ICD-10","volume":"2","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0111|cit111","volume-title":"Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0112|cit112","volume-title":"The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy","author":"Yalom","year":"2008"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0113|cit113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00782.x","article-title":"In 12-step groups, helping helps the helper","volume":"99","author":"Zemore","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0114|cit114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.10.004","article-title":"Comparison of 12-step groups to mutual help alternatives for AUD in a large, national study: differences in membership characteristics and group participation, cohesion, and satisfaction","volume":"73","author":"Zemore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0115|cit115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005032.pub2","article-title":"12-step programmes and Alcoholics Anonymous for alcohol dependence","author":"Ferri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0116|cit116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005032.pub2","article-title":"Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step programmes for alcohol dependence","author":"Ferri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2-BIB0117|cit117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880","article-title":"Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step programs for alcohol use disorder","author":"Kelly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T04:02:44Z","timestamp":1779940964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd012880.pub2","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.737529287.793576078","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]]}}}