{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:39:00Z","timestamp":1792805940351,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd013562","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000}}],"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["wiley.com","cochranelibrary.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd013562.pub2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T15:13:04Z","timestamp":1783955584000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for rheumatoid arthritis after failure of biologic or targeted synthetic therapy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5851-3998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences - Epidemiology; University of Calgary; Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0436-1850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Mujaab","family":"Kamso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences- Biostatistics; University of Calgary; Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7417-7691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel L","family":"Whittle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit; Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Woodville South Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine; Monash University; Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2289-9139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George A","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5520-6095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon E","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre; University of Ottawa Heart Institute; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3985-5335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Pardo Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Practice Changing Research; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5062-0556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Tugwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3901-1164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renea V","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine; Monash University; Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2792-7706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Glennon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine; Monash University; Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maede","family":"Ejaredar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3210-2533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences; University of Calgary; Calgary Canada"},{"name":"University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health; University of Calgary; Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abir","family":"Mokbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Immunology; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8857-9162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jodie C","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute; Adelaide University; Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0177-9672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liesl","family":"Grobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine; Monash University; Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"Cyril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine; Monash University; Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0151-6028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rob","family":"Deardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Faculty of Science; University of Calgary; Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3444-8618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elie A","family":"Akl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine; American University of Beirut Medical Center; Beirut Lebanon"},{"name":"American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara J","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada"},{"name":"Bruy\u00e8re Health Research Institute; Ottawa Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0597-0933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachelle","family":"Buchbinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine; Monash University; Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7709-3741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glen S","family":"Hazlewood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Department of Community Health Sciences; University of Calgary; Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Supported by the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Health and Pain Thematic Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0001|cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204627","article-title":"The global burden of rheumatoid arthritis: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study","volume":"73","author":"Cross","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0002|cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1004965","article-title":"The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"365","author":"McInnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0003|cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204317","article-title":"Proposal for a new nomenclature of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs","volume":"73","author":"Smolen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0004|cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2014.854771","article-title":"Targeting the Janus kinases in rheumatoid arthritis: focus on tofacitinib","volume":"15","author":"Yamaoka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0005|cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23620","article-title":"Pragmaticism of randomized controlled trials of biologic treatment with methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review","volume":"71","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Care & Research"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0006|cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1201","article-title":"Network meta-analysis for indirect treatment comparisons","volume":"21","author":"Lumley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0007|cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2018.01.006","article-title":"Randomized trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews: using examples from rheumatology","volume":"44","author":"Pope","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0008|cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.08.010","article-title":"Living systematic review: 1. Introduction \u2013 the why, what, when, and how","volume":"91","author":"Elliott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0009|cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41752","article-title":"2021 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"73","author":"Fraenkel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0010|cit10","unstructured":"Australia & New Zealand Musculoskeletal Clinical Trials Network (ANZMUSC) An Australian Living Guideline for the Pharmacological Management of Inflammatory Arthritis (2020 (version 0.3); 2022 (version 1.13)) mskguidelines.org"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0011|cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.220209","article-title":"Canadian Rheumatology Association living guidelines for the pharmacological management of rheumatoid arthritis with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs","volume":"49","author":"Hazlewood","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0012|cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.10.007","article-title":"Crowdsourcing and automation facilitated the identification and classification of randomized controlled trials in a living review","volume":"164","author":"Kamso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0013|cit13","unstructured":"Covidence Veritas Health Innovation 2025"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0014|cit14","unstructured":"Sharma D Thomas J Kamso MM Pardo Pardo J Hazlewood G Open Science Framework: Living systematic review (LSR) of rheumatoid arthritis randomized trials https:\/\/osf.io\/ph892\/?view_only=fa6cb34d46ce40829d692726b76418d0"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0015|cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562","article-title":"Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","author":"Hazlewood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0016|cit16","unstructured":"Guidance for the production and publication of Cochrane living systematic reviews: Cochrane Reviews in living mode community.cochrane.org\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/inline-files\/Transform\/201912_LSR_Revised_Guidance.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0017|cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.121306","article-title":"Updated method guidelines for Cochrane musculoskeletal group systematic reviews and metaanalyses","volume":"41","author":"Ghogomu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0018|cit18","unstructured":"Higgins JPT Lasserson T Thomas J Flemyng E Churchill R Methodological Expectations of Cochrane Intervention Reviews Cochrane: London. Version August 2023"},{"issue":"n71","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0019|cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0020|cit20","first-page":"i7777","article-title":"Methotrexate monotherapy and methotrexate combination therapy with traditional and biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis: abridged Cochrane systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"353","author":"Hazlewood","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0021|cit21","unstructured":"Myocrisin (Sodium aurothiomalate) injection: Permanent discontinuation \u2013 end of supply in 2019 Sanofi"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0022|cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-025-02499-0","article-title":"Ranking of treatments in network meta-analysis: incorporating minimally important differences","volume":"25","author":"Curteis","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Medical Research Methodology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0023|cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201900026","article-title":"Extensions of the probabilistic ranking metrics of competing treatments in network meta-analysis to reflect clinically important relative differences on many outcomes","volume":"62","author":"Mavridis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biometrical Journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0024|cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.7326\/m15-2521","article-title":"Uncertainty in treatment rankings: reanalysis of network meta-analyses of randomized trials","volume":"164","author":"Trinquart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0025|cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989x18759488","article-title":"Incorporating genuine prior information about between-study heterogeneity in random effects pairwise and network meta-analyses","volume":"38","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medical Decision Making"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0026|cit26","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann H Bro\u017cek J Guyatt G Oxman A Handbook for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using the GRADE approach (updated October 2013). GRADE Working Group, 2013 Available from https:\/\/gdt.guidelinedevelopment.org\/app\/handbook\/handbook.html"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0027|cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.138461","article-title":"2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology\/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative","volume":"69","author":"Aletaha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0028|cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310302","article-title":"The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"31","author":"Arnett","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0029|cit29","first-page":"175","article-title":"1958 Revision of diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"9","author":"Ropes","year":"1958","journal-title":"Bulletin on the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0030|cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010227.pub2","article-title":"Methotrexate monotherapy and methotrexate combination therapy with traditional and biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis: A network meta-analysis","author":"Hazlewood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0031|cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.13512","article-title":"Non-TNF-targeted biologic vs a second anti-TNF drug to treat rheumatoid arthritis in patients with insufficient response to a first anti-TNF drug: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"316","author":"Gottenberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0032|cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-159","article-title":"Is network meta-analysis as valid as standard pairwise meta-analysis? It all depends on the distribution of effect modifiers","volume":"11","author":"Jansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0033|cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380602","article-title":"American College of Rheumatology. Preliminary definition of improvement in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"38","author":"Felson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0034|cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780360601","article-title":"The American College of Rheumatology preliminary core set of disease activity measures for rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials","volume":"36","author":"Felson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0035|cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.7.597","article-title":"Interpreting radiographic data in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"62","author":"Ory","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"6 Suppl 43","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0036|cit36","first-page":"S","article-title":"DAS remission cut points","volume":"24","author":"Fransen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0037|cit37","first-page":"789","article-title":"The dimensions of health outcomes: the Health Assessment Questionnaire, disability and pain scales","volume":"9","author":"Fries","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 39","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0038|cit38","first-page":"S19","article-title":"Development of a multi-dimensional health assessment questionnaire (MDHAQ) for the infrastructure of standard clinical care","volume":"23","author":"Pincus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0039|cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.51.2.177","article-title":"Validity of single variables and composite indices for measuring disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"51","author":"Heijde","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0040|cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380107","article-title":"Modified disease activity scores that include twenty-eight-joint counts. Development and validation in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"38","author":"Prevoo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0041|cit41","unstructured":"Lefebvre C Glanville J Briscoe S Featherstone R Littlewood A Chapter 4: Searching for and selecting studies (last updated March 2025). In: Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5.1 Cochrane, 2025 Available from https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0042|cit42","unstructured":"Cochrane Crowd http:\/\/crowd.cochrane.org"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0043|cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocx053","article-title":"Identifying reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) via a hybrid machine learning and crowdsourcing approach","volume":"24","author":"Wallace","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0044|cit44","unstructured":"International Committee of Medical Journal Editors http:\/\/www.icmje.org\/"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0045|cit45","unstructured":"WebPlotDigitizer Ankit Rohatgi 2019"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0046|cit46","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann HJ Oxman AD Higgins JP Vist GE Glasziou P Akl E Chapter 11: Completing \u2018Summary of findings' tables and grading the confidence in or quality of the evidence. In: Higgins JP, Churchill R, Chandler J, Cumpston MS, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 5.2.0 (updated June 2017). Cochrane, 2017 Available from https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/authors\/handbooks-and-manuals\/handbook\/archive\/v5.2.0"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0047|cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0048|cit48","unstructured":"Higgins JP Green S Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/authors\/handbooks-and-manuals\/handbook\/archive\/v5.1.0"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0049|cit49","unstructured":"forestplot: Advanced Forest Plot Using 'grid' Graphics. R Package Version 3.1.7 Gordon M Lumley T Available at https:\/\/github.com\/gforge\/forestplot 2025"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0050|cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X12458724","article-title":"Evidence synthesis for decision making 2: a generalized linear modeling framework for pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"33","author":"Dias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Medical Decision Making"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0051|cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys041","article-title":"Predicting the extent of heterogeneity in meta-analysis, using empirical data from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","volume":"41","author":"Turner","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0052|cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2014.08.012","article-title":"Predictive distributions were developed for the extent of heterogeneity in meta-analyses of continuous outcome data","volume":"68","author":"Rhodes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0053|cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1080\/10618600.1998.10474787","article-title":"General methods for monitoring convergence of iterative simulations","volume":"7","author":"Brooks","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0054|cit54","unstructured":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing R Foundation for Statistical Computing 2017"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0055|cit55","unstructured":"Just Another Gibbs Sampler SourceForge"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0056|cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/eb-2013-101340","article-title":"Implementing GRADE: calculating the risk difference from the baseline risk and the relative risk","volume":"19","author":"Newcombe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0057|cit57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003082","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003082","article-title":"CINeMA: an approach for assessing confidence in the results of a network meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Nikolakopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLOS Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0058|cit58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99682","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099682","article-title":"Evaluating the quality of evidence from a network meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Salanti","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"7059","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0059|cit59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7059.735","article-title":"The relation between treatment benefit and underlying risk in meta-analysis","volume":"313","author":"Sharp","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0060|cit60","unstructured":"GRADEpro GDT McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime) 2025"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0061|cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2025.112109","article-title":"Paper 1: a semi-automated approach facilitated the assessment of the certainty of evidence in a network meta-analysis: part 1 \u2013 Direct comparisons","volume":"191","author":"Kamso","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0062|cit62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.06.010","article-title":"Grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation concept article 5: addressing intransitivity in a network meta-analysis","volume":"160","author":"Brignardello-Petersen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0063|cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2025.112110","article-title":"Paper 2: a semi-automated approach facilitated the assessment of the certainty of evidence for in a network meta-analysis: part 2 \u2013 indirect and mixed comparisons","volume":"191","author":"Kamso","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0064|cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.04.018","article-title":"Development of the summary of findings table for network meta-analysis","volume":"115","author":"Yepes-Nu\u00f1ez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0065|cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40070","article-title":"Secukinumab in active rheumatoid arthritis: a phase III randomized, double-blind, active comparator- and placebo-controlled study","volume":"69","author":"Blanco Francisco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatology"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0066|cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta22340","article-title":"Alternative tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) or abatacept or rituximab following failure of initial TNFi in rheumatoid arthritis: the SWITCH RCT","volume":"22","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Technology Assessment (Winchester, England)"},{"issue":"9865","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0067|cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61424-X","article-title":"Tofacitinib (CP-690,550) in combination with methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: a randomised phase 3 trial","volume":"381","author":"Burmester","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0068|cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2793","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22025","article-title":"Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: Results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial evaluating primary efficacy and safety at twenty-four weeks","volume":"54","author":"Cohen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0069|cit69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04508-2","article-title":"Efficacy and safety profile of intravenous tocilizumab versus intravenous abatacept in treating female Saudi Arabian patients with active moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"38","author":"Elmedany Samah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Rheumatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0070|cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.092932","article-title":"IL-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab improves treatment outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumour necrosis factor biologicals: results from a 24-week multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"67","author":"Emery","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0071|cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key361","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of subcutaneous sarilumab and intravenous tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"58","author":"Emery","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford, England)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0072|cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39944","article-title":"Sarilumab and nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and inadequate response or intolerance to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors","volume":"69","author":"Fleischmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0073|cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.068304","article-title":"Open-label, pilot protocol of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who switch to infliximab after an incomplete response to etanercept: the OPPOSITE study","volume":"66","author":"Furst","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0074|cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050524","article-title":"Abatacept for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibition","volume":"353","author":"Genovese","year":"2005","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0075|cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507247","article-title":"Baricitinib in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"374","author":"Genovese Mark","year":"2016","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"10139","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0076|cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31116-4","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of upadacitinib in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis refractory to biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (SELECT-BEYOND): a double-blind, randomised controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"391","author":"Genovese Mark","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0077|cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2016.1277195","article-title":"Clinical response to golimumab in rheumatoid arthritis patients who were receiving etanercept or adalimumab: results of a multicenter active treatment study","volume":"33","author":"Huffstutter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Medical Research and Opinion"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0078|cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0630-5","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of abatacept, rituximab, and TNFi treatment after previous failure with TNFi treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: a pragmatic multi-centre randomised trial","volume":"17","author":"Manders","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Research & Therapy"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0079|cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205325","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis secondary non-responders to TNF can attain an efficacious and safe response by switching to certolizumab pegol: a phase IV, randomised, multicentre, double-blind, 12-week study, followed by a 12-week open-label phase","volume":"73","author":"Schiff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"9685","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0080|cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60506-7","article-title":"Golimumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis after treatment with tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (GO-AFTER study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial","volume":"374","author":"Smolen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0081|cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204760","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of olokizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response to TNF inhibitor therapy: outcomes of a randomised Phase IIb study","volume":"73","author":"Genovese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"10271","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0082|cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)32341-2","article-title":"Rituximab versus tocilizumab in anti-TNF inadequate responder patients with rheumatoid arthritis (R4RA): 16-week outcomes of a stratified, biopsy-driven, multicentre, open-label, phase 4 randomised controlled trial","volume":"397","author":"Humby","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0083|cit83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15318","article-title":"Demyelinating events following anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy: Rare but challenging to treat","volume":"29","author":"Kal\u00e9n","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0084|cit84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216693","article-title":"Risk of neuroinflammatory events in arthritis patients treated with tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors: a collaborative population-based cohort study from Denmark and Sweden","volume":"79","author":"Kopp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0085|cit85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224049","article-title":"JAK inhibitors and the risk of malignancy: a meta-analysis across disease indications","volume":"82","author":"Russell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0086|cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2109927","article-title":"Cardiovascular and cancer risk with tofacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"386","author":"Ytterberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0087|cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4172","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaf092","article-title":"Cancer risk of Janus kinase inhibitors and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs among older Americans with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"64","author":"Ahmed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford, England)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0088|cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-022-02048-6","article-title":"Include or not to include conference abstracts in systematic reviews? Lessons learned from a large Cochrane network meta-analysis including 585 trials","volume":"11","author":"Hackenbroich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0089|cit89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23875","article-title":"Comparative risk of cardiovascular events with biologic and synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Care & Research"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0090|cit90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m2288","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2288","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of biological medicines in rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and network meta-analysis including aggregate results from reanalysed individual patient data","volume":"370","author":"Janke","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0091|cit91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012591","article-title":"Biologics or tofacitinib for people with rheumatoid arthritis unsuccessfully treated with biologics: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0092|cit92","unstructured":"Australian Rheumatology Association An Australian Living Guideline for the Pharmacological Management of Inflammatory Arthritis (version #2) https:\/\/app.magicapp.org\/#\/guideline\/LqRV3n\/section\/jDJelJ"},{"key":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2-BIB0093|cit93","unstructured":"Canadian Rheumatology Association Canadian Rheumatology Association living guidelines for the pharmacological management of rheumatoid arthritis with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (version #2) https:\/\/app.magicapp.org\/#\/guideline\/jNxw7n"}],"container-title":["Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T10:02:39Z","timestamp":1792490559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/14651858.CD013562.pub2"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"name":"Cochrane Central Editorial Service","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd013562.pub2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-1858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-1858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]}}}